Mafi yawan mutane ba a san su ba, kayan semiconductor (a wannan yanayin ƙarancin su) sun kasance tushen sabon rikicin da masana'antar kera motoci ke fuskanta.
A lokacin da motoci ke ƙara yin amfani da na'urori, kwakwalwan kwamfuta da na'urori masu sarrafawa, rashin kayan aikin semiconductor ya haifar da jinkirin samarwa, dakatar da layin taro da kuma neman mafita "masu hankali" kamar wanda Peugeot ya samo na 308.
Amma menene waɗannan kayan aikin semiconductor suka ƙunsa, wanda ƙarancinsu ya tilasta dakatar da samarwa a cikin masana'antar kera motoci? Wadanne nau'ikan amfani suke da su?
Menene?
A takaice dai, gwargwadon iyawa, ana siffanta wani abu na semiconductor a matsayin wani abu wanda zai iya ko dai yayi aiki azaman mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ko a matsayin insulator ya danganta da abubuwa daban-daban (kamar yanayin yanayi, filin lantarki da ake magana da shi, ko kuma nasa. nasu kwayoyin halitta).An ɗauka daga yanayi, akwai abubuwa da yawa akan tebur na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda ke aiki azaman semiconductor. Mafi amfani da su a cikin masana'antar sune silicon (Si) da germanium (Ge), amma akwai wasu kamar su sulfur (S), boron (B) da cadmium (Cd).
Lokacin da yake cikin tsabta, ana kiran waɗannan kayan na ciki semiconductors (inda adadin masu dakon kaya masu inganci daidai yake da ɗimbin ɗimbin caja mara kyau).
Waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antar ana kiran su extrinsic semiconductors kuma ana siffanta su ta hanyar gabatar da ƙazanta - atom na sauran kayan, irin su phosphorus (P) -, ta hanyar tsarin doping, wanda ke ba da damar sarrafa su, ba tare da tsangwama ta cikin mafi ƙanƙanta ba (akwai nau'i biyu na ƙazanta waɗanda ke da ƙazanta. suna haifar da nau'ikan nau'ikan semiconductor guda biyu, "N" da "P"), halayen lantarki da kuma tafiyar da wutar lantarki.
Menene aikace-aikacenku?
Duban kewaye, akwai abubuwa da yawa da aka gyara waɗanda ke buƙatar “ayyukan” na kayan semiconductor.
Mafi mahimmancin aikace-aikacensa shine wajen kera transistor, wani ɗan ƙaramin abu da aka ƙirƙira a cikin 1947 wanda ya haifar da "juyin lantarki" kuma ana amfani dashi don haɓakawa ko musayar siginar lantarki da wutar lantarki.
Wannan karamin sashi, wanda aka samar ta amfani da kayan aikin semiconductor, yana kan tushen samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, microprocessors da na'urori masu sarrafawa waɗanda ke cikin duk na'urorin lantarki waɗanda muke rayuwa dasu a kullun.
Bugu da kari, ana kuma amfani da kayan semiconductor wajen samar da diodes, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar kera motoci shine diode masu fitar da haske, wanda aka fi sani da LED (diode-emitting diode).