Bayan nasarar aiki na aiki da farko don Renault-Nissan Alliance, Vincent Cobée ya koma PSA kishiya (yanzu Stellantis bayan haɗewar kwanan nan tare da Fiat Chrysler Automobiles), inda ya zama babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba) na Citroën kusan shekara guda da ta wuce.
Bayan ya tsallake rijiya da baya a shekara mai cike da rudani, ya yi imanin cewa za a gina murmurewa tare da ingantacciyar alamar alama da daidaiton fare kan wutar lantarki.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani, alal misali, a cikin Citroën C4 kwanan nan da aka kaddamar, wanda yake tunanin zai iya zama darajar rabin tallace-tallace na Turai na wannan samfurin ko da a lokacin wannan sabon ƙarni.
Citroën a Stellantis
Ratio Mota (RA) - Ƙungiyar Stellantis tana haɗa nau'o'i da yawa kuma yanzu sun haɗa da wasu waɗanda ke rufe sassan kasuwa na gama gari kuma tare da matsayi iri ɗaya. A game da Citroën, Fiat tana da kama da "'yar'uwa"… wannan zai tilasta muku gyara layin samfurin?
Vincent Cobée (VC) - Yawancin samfuran da ke wanzu a cikin rukuni ɗaya, ƙarin ma'anar da sahihan saƙon kowannensu dole ne ya kasance. Wannan hanya ce da Citroën ya kasance mai ƙarfi kuma zai zama madaidaici.
A gefe guda, kodayake na kasance tare da kamfanin kawai shekara ɗaya da rabi, ikon Groupe PSA (yanzu Stellantis) ikon daidaita ƙimar tattalin arziƙin haɗin gwiwa tare da bambancin alama shine mafi kyawun masana'antar kuma wannan ba kawai ra'ayi, a maimakon haka, lambobin ne ke tabbatar da hakan (ƙungiyar kera motoci ne da ke da mafi girman ribar aiki a duniya).
Idan muka ɗauki Peugeot 3008, Citroën C5 Aircross da Opel Grandland X, za mu lura cewa motoci ne daban-daban ba kawai a cikin bayyanar ba, har ma a cikin motsin motsin da suke bayarwa. Kuma wannan ita ce hanyar da ya kamata mu bi.
RA - Yaya wahalar samun albarkatun kuɗi don alamar ku a tsakiyar taron gudanarwar gudanarwar ma'aikata inda kowane Shugaba ke ƙoƙarin samun mafi kyawun Shugaban Rukunin Stellantis?
VC — Ina so in san ko ina jin kamar ana samun raguwar hankali saboda akwai ƙarin mutane a kusa da tebur suna tambayar iri ɗaya? Da kyau… haɓakar gasa ta cikin gida yana da kyau don haɓaka hankali kuma yana tilasta mana mu kasance masu daidaito sosai game da ƙimarmu. Bugu da ƙari, Carlos Tavares ya bayyana a fili a cikin tunaninsa cewa mafi kyawun sakamakon da aka samu, ana ba da ƙarin ikon ciniki.
Annoba, tasiri da sakamako
RA - Rabin farko na 2020 ya kasance mai matukar wahala ga Citroën (tallace-tallace sun ragu 45%) sannan an sami ɗan murmurewa zuwa ƙarshen shekara (rufe shekara a kusa da 25% ƙasa da 2019). Ina so in yi tsokaci game da sabuwar shekara ta 2020 da kuma sanin ko Citroën yana fama da rashin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da masana'antar ke fuskanta.
VC - Don faɗi cewa rabin farkon shekara yana da wahala babban rashin fahimta ne. Idan har za mu iya fitar da wani abu mai kyau daga wannan lokacin, babban juriyar da kungiyarmu ta nuna a cikin wannan yanayi mai cike da rudani. Kuma wadatar tattalin arziki, kamar yadda muka sami nasarar zama masana'antar mota mafi riba a duniya. Mun yi iya ƙoƙarinmu don adana ma'aikata, samfuran kayayyaki da abokan ciniki a cikin rikicin bala'i mai zurfi kuma tare da ƙarin ƙalubalen kasancewa a tsakiyar haɗin gwiwar PSA-FCA, wanda ke faɗi da yawa game da yadda Shugaba Carlos Tavares ya sami nasara.
Dangane da karancin na’urorin lantarki kuwa, kamfanonin kera motoci sun sha fama da wasu kididdigar da masu kera motoci na Tier 2 da Tier 3 suka yi, wadanda suka yi hasashen cewa sayar da motoci a duniya ba zai kai abin da suka samu ba a lokacin da suke kasafta abin da suke kerawa. An yi sa'a, mun sami damar magance rikicin fiye da sauran masu fafatawa saboda mun fi dacewa, amma ba zan iya ba da tabbacin cewa a wani lokaci ba zai cutar da mu ba.
RA - Shin Covid-19 yana da irin wannan tasiri kan yadda ake siyar da motoci wanda tashar tallace-tallace ta kan layi zata zama doka maimakon banda?
VC - A bayyane yake cutar ta ƙara haɓaka abubuwan da suka riga sun kasance a farkon matakan su kuma ƙididdige tsarin siyan yana ɗaya daga cikinsu. Haka ya faru da kujeru da tafiye-tafiye a cikin 'yan shekarun baya, ko da yake a cikin yanayinmu akwai juriya mafi girma don dakatar da zama masana'antar analog saboda abubuwan gwaji, jin dadi, jin daɗin ciki na mota, da dai sauransu.
Masu daidaitawa a kan gidajen yanar gizon sun riga sun rage yawan nau'ikan samfuran da abokin ciniki yayi la'akari da su kafin yin yanke shawara na ƙarshe: rabin dozin shekaru da suka wuce, mabukaci ya ziyarci dillalan dillalai shida a cikin tsari, a yau bai ziyarci fiye da biyu ba, a matsakaici.
"Ɗaya cikin kowane C4 guda biyu na iya zama lantarki a cikin wannan ƙarni"
RA - Shin kuna kallon sabon abokin ciniki don Citroën C4 tare da sabuwar falsafar giciye?
VC - A cikin shekaru biyar da suka wuce, Citroën ya yi wani muhimmin mahimmanci tare da sababbin sababbin samfurori irin su C3, Berlingo, C3 Aircross, C5 Aircross, tallace-tallace, amma kuma tare da sababbin ayyuka da suka ba mu damar ingantawa. da gasa na mu iri.
Ba asiri ba ne cewa akwai babban buƙatun SUV da jikin giciye kuma muna daidaita abubuwan da muke bayarwa tare da wannan fifikon a zuciya. A game da sabon C4, akwai ingantaccen juyin halitta dangane da harshe ƙira, tare da matsayi mafi girma na tuki, haɓaka jin daɗin rayuwa da jin daɗi a kan jirgin (a tarihi ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ƙimar Citroën) kuma, ba shakka, 'yancin zabar tsakanin tsarin motsa jiki daban-daban guda uku (man fetur, dizal da lantarki) tare da tushen abin hawa iri ɗaya. Na yi imani Citroën yana cikin mafi kyawun lokacinsa.
RA - Kun ambaci ƙididdigewa azaman ɗayan halayen sabon C4, amma wannan a zahiri yana kama da sauran motocin da zamu iya samu a cikin wasu samfuran biyu ko uku a cikin rukunin Stellantis…
VC - Idan muka dubi tayin hatchbacks (jiki mai girma biyu) a cikin C-segment, mun sami yawancin motoci irin wannan: ƙananan layi, kallon wasanni, halaye masu yawa.
Zayyana motocin da ke da matsayi mafi girma (wanda ke ba da damar ganin mafi kyawun gani, mafi girman izinin ƙasa, sauƙi mai sauƙi da fita) don zuciyar sashin C shine, a ganina, mafita mai wayo, ba kalla ba saboda mun zaɓa don kulawa. da m siffar na bodywork. A wata hanya, mafi kyawun duka duniyoyin biyu.
RA - Kuna tsammanin cewa yawan tallace-tallace na nau'in lantarki na C4 (ë-C4) zai zama saura ko, akasin haka, kuna tunanin cewa gasa Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) zai fitar da tallace-tallace na sigar lantarki. zuwa mafi girma fiye da idan za ku iya tsammani?
VC - Muna farawa da kusan 15% na umarni don C4 na lantarki, amma na gamsu cewa wannan rabon zai girma kowace shekara har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar C4. Shekara guda da ta gabata, lokacin da Covid-19 ya fara farawa da kyar, siyan motar lantarki magana ce ta zamantakewa, ainihin zabin mai riko da wuri.
Yanzu abubuwa suna canzawa (saboda aiwatar da sabbin ka'idoji masu tsauri, haɓakar cajin kayayyakin more rayuwa da haɓakar fasaha) kuma motocin lantarki suna ƙara samun karɓuwa yayin da suke faɗuwa sosai daga farashin fiye da Yuro 50,000 kuma sun fara daina buƙata. mai amfani don yin alƙawura iri-iri a cikin rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun.
Ban sani ba idan za mu iya kiran shi mafarki ko tsinkaya, amma ina tsammanin cewa a cikin shekaru biyar tallace-tallace na tallace-tallace na C4 na lantarki zai iya zama tsakanin 30% da 50% na yawan tallace-tallace na samfurin a Turai. Don yin hakan, dole ne abokin ciniki ya sami damar siyan abin hawa iri ɗaya, tare da faɗin ciki iri ɗaya, ƙarfin kaya, da dai sauransu kuma ana amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda shine ɗayan nau'ikan tsarin motsa jiki daban-daban.
Martani ga Electrification
RA - Idan wannan haɓakar haɓakar buƙata (daga 15% zuwa 50%) na motocin lantarki (EV) an tabbatar da shi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, Citroën na masana'antu yana shirye don amsawa?
VC - Abubuwa biyu za su faru a duk tsawon rayuwar sabon C4 wanda zai iya rinjayar amsar wannan tambayar. Cajin kayayyakin more rayuwa da tunanin abokin ciniki a gefe guda (saboda yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa kilomita 350 ya isa iyakar 97% na amfani). Gaskiyar cewa C4 petrol / Diesel (MCI ko na ciki konewa engine) da kuma lantarki da aka gina a kan wannan taron line a Madrid ya ba mu damar zama quite m.
A yau akwai layin babban taro na kimanin mita 50 inda aka shirya chassis na nau'in lantarki sannan kuma wani yanki mai kama da na MCI kuma za mu iya bambanta yawan samar da kayayyaki tsakanin waɗannan yankunan biyu ba tare da zuba jari mai yawa ba. A takaice dai, ikon tafiya daga 10% zuwa 60% na EV a cikin jimlar yawan samarwa an gina shi a cikin masana'anta kuma wani abu ne wanda zai ɗauki makonni kaɗan kawai, ba shekaru ba.
RA — Kuma masu ba da kayan ku a shirye suke don amsa wannan canjin kwatsam, ya kamata ya faru?
VC — Yayin zagayowar rayuwar wannan C4, tabbas za mu inganta halayen baturi ta hanyar ingantattun sinadarai na salula da “marufi” na baturi.
Amma abin da ya fi dacewa a cikin wannan yanayin shi ne cewa a lokacin rayuwar wannan sabon C4 za mu canza daga baturin Asiya zuwa wanda muhimmin haɗin gwiwar da muka yi tare da Total / Saft don haɓakawa da masana'antu samar da baturi. a Yammacin Turai. . Wannan zai kawo fa'idodin tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewa, amma kuma zai ba mu kyakkyawar fahimtar duk tsarin masana'antu. Don haka eh zai zama amsar tambayar ku.
Wallahi konewa? Tukuna
RA - Kasashe da yawa da OEM (masu kera) sun riga sun bayyana lokacin da injin konewa zai bar wurin. Yaushe hakan zai faru a Citroën?
VC — batu ne mai sarkakiya. Yarjejeniyar Green ta kafa tsauraran dokoki don 2025 da 2030 kuma wannan zai yi tasiri ga hada-hadar samarwa da tallace-tallace a ƙarshen wannan shekaru goma.
Amma idan kun saita matsakaicin matakin iskar CO2 na 50 g/km ta 2030, wani abu a bayyane yake: 50 ba sifili bane. Wanda ke nufin har yanzu za a sami wasu daki don injunan konewa yayin da muke matsawa cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa kuma haɗin zai kasance da VE, plug-in hybrids, hybrids da “m-hybrid” hybrids - mai yiwuwa nan da 2030 ba za a samu ba. injunan diesel.tsalle mai konewa ba tare da wani matakin lantarki ba.
Akwai wani nau'i na daban wanda zai haifar da abin da birane za su yi ta hanyar fitar da hayaki, hana dizal ko ma injunan mai a tsakanin 2030 da 2040. Abin da muke cewa a yau a Citroën shi ne cewa duk wani sabon samfurin da muka kaddamar a yanzu zai sami nau'i na lantarki. a rana guda.
Kuma a sa'an nan za mu daidaita fayil ɗin mu bisa ga abin da ya zama buƙatu, tare da cajin kayan aikin shine babban dalilin "cukunin zirga-zirga": lokacin da EV ta zama mota ɗaya kawai a cikin gidan, dole ne a sami wadata kuma abin dogara. cibiyar sadarwa , ko da a lokacin kololuwar lokacin buƙatun, kuma dole ne a sami tsarin kasuwanci mai riba ga masu samar da makamashi, wanda matsala ce da ta yi nisa da warwarewa…
Yaushe Citroën zai kera motocin lantarki kawai? Tambayar dala miliyan kenan. A masana'antu, za mu kasance a shirye don gina motocin lantarki kawai a cikin 2025 kuma muna tallafawa wannan canjin tare da jeri na yanzu da na gaba. Amma hakan ba zai faru ba nan da nan.
RA — Watakila Faransa ita ce kasar da aka fi bayyana rugujewar Diesel kuma ko da yake an sha sanar da mutuwarta sau da yawa, amma akwai alamun cewa za ta iya rayuwa fiye da yadda ake tsammani...
VC - Faduwar tallace-tallacen injunan Diesel tabbas tabbas ne, tare da kasuwarsu ta tashi daga 50% zuwa 35% a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata a Yammacin Turai. Kuma idan muka yi la'akari da abin da ake bukata don samun injunan diesel da suka dace da daidaitattun Euro7, za mu gane cewa zai fi tsada don yin allurar duk fasahar tsarkakewa fiye da yin motar lantarki. Idan majiyyaci ne da aka shigar da shi a asibiti, za mu ce an keɓe hasashen.
Batura masu ƙarfi, a zahiri…
RA - Batura masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ake tsammanin don matsakaitan lokaci na gaba, yi alƙawarin canza "wasan", samar da ƙarin 'yancin kai, caji mai sauri da ƙananan farashi. Shin yana da ma'ana don saka hannun jari mai yawa a cikin sinadarai na lithium ion sannan a jefar da duk wannan jarin?
VC - A cikin shekaru na a matsayin Daraktan Tsare-tsare a Mitsubishi (2017-19), na yi tarurruka da yawa kuma na yi amfani da lokaci mai yawa don ƙoƙarin gano abin da daidai kwanan wata zai kasance don ingantaccen ƙirƙira na batir mai ƙarfi. A cikin 2018, kiyasin mafi kyawun fata shine 2025; yanzu, a cikin 2021, burin mu shine 2028-30. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin shekaru uku mun yi asarar shekaru hudu.
Wannan hanya ce ta Darwiniyanci, wanda ke nufin yana da kyau a yi mafarkin yadda rayuwa za ta kasance shekaru 10 daga yanzu, amma kuma yana da mahimmanci kada a mutu a kan hanya. Ba ni da wani shakka cewa m-jihar baturi zai kawo amfanin cikin sharuddan cin gashin kai, nauyi da kuma sanyi, amma ban yi imani da za su zama gaskiya a lokacin lifecycle na wannan sabon ë-C4 cewa mu kawai kaddamar. Kafin haka, tiriliyoyin da aka saka a cikin sinadarai na Li-ion za su ragu sama da shekaru 10 ko 15 akan tallace-tallace na EV na yanzu da na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa matsakaita don sa kasuwar farashi ta zama gasa.
RA - Shin hakan yana nufin ya zama dacewa ga masana'antar kera cewa sinadarai na batir na gaba yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don isa?
VC - Babu wani daga wannan. Duk irin wannan ka'idar makirci ba ta da ma'ana a gare ni saboda haɓaka baturi galibi yana hannun masu samar da mu. Bugu da ƙari, cewa idan akwai kariyar kariyar batir na lithium-ion da ke haɓaka rayuwar wannan sinadarai ta hanyar wucin gadi, za a sami Nio ko Byton (ndr: farawar kasar Sin da ke son kawo sauyi kan tayin kasuwar motocin lantarki). tasowa daga babu inda tare da wannan fasaha sabon abu.
A gefe guda, na yi imani cewa lokacin da batirin lithium ion ya fara daina amfani, farashin kowace kWh zai kasance ƙasa da $100 kuma masu ƙarfi na jihohi za su yi kusan $90/kWh. Za a yi, kamar haka, babu juyin juya halin farashi, juyin halitta kawai.
Retro ba shine zaɓin hanya ba
RA - Volkswagen yana da shirye-shiryen sake yin fassarar almara "Pão de Forma" kuma Renault kwanan nan ya nuna wani tsari mai ban sha'awa don sake haifuwa na R5, duka ayyukan biyu sune motocin lantarki. Citroën kuma yana da Ami wanda ke dawo da wasu kwayoyin halitta daga 2 CV kuma, a zahiri, yana ɗaukar wani abu daga Ami. Shin akwai yanayin retro-VE wanda zai haɓaka gaba a Citroën?
VC - A cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata mun ga yawancin motsa jiki na ƙirar mota na Neo-retro, amma ba da gaske a Citroën ba. Abin da muke yi tare da Ami shine zama mai ƙirƙira gwargwadon yuwuwa, kiyaye falsafar alamar.
Kyakkyawar wannan alamar ita ce tana da kayan tarihi masu yawa kuma dole ne mu yi taka tsantsan a cikin wannan babbar manufa ta rubuta wasu daga cikin shafukanta. Ita ce tambarin da aka fi tarawa a duniya saboda yana da lokacin hazaka wanda ya canza al'umma. Zai kasance da sauƙi a yi amfani da sunan 2 CV don sabon Ami (ko da yadda windows ke buɗe yana kama da haka), amma mun zaɓi ba.
Mun dawo da sunan Ami (“aboki” a cikin Faransanci) saboda yana da alaƙa da ruhun maraba da yanayin jin kai. An yi mana wahayi zuwa ga abubuwan da suka gabata, amma muna ƙoƙarin zama sabbin abubuwa a lokaci guda: ba al'ada ba ne cewa, don motsin birni na gaba, mutum zai iya zaɓar tsakanin jigilar jama'a da motar lantarki da ke kashe sama da Yuro 50,000. Dole ne mutane su sami haƙƙin motsi ɗaya a farashi mai araha a kowane zamani.
Kuma wannan ita ce shawarar Ami, ba wani abin tunawa da tsofaffi ba a kan ƙafafun ba don wani dalili ba.
RA - Za ku iya sanya Ami ya zama samfur mai riba tun daga farko?
VC - Muna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa ba mu kashe kuɗin kamfanin tare da Ami. Motar ta zama alamar alamar kuma ta ba mu damar yin hulɗa da abokan cinikin da ba mu taɓa samun su ba. Abin hawa ne mai ban mamaki kamar yadda ba mu da yawa a baya.