Dogon rai ga injin konewa na ciki. Yana da ban mamaki cewa "sanarwar ƙarshen" na ingin konewa na ciki saboda yawan wutar lantarki, bai kasance wani cikas ba don ganin babban ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan: m matsawa rabo (Nissan), matsawa ƙonewa a cikin man fetur injuna (Mazda) da kuma yanzu. Koenigsegg zai sanya a cikin samarwa (duk da haka yana da iyaka) injin sake zagayowar Otto na farko (stroke 4) ba tare da camshaft ba.
A kan wannan tafarki na bidi'a ne kuma INNENgine's 1S ICE shima ya fito, wanda yayi alƙawarin ci gaba.
Karamin inji amma mai juyi, tare da mafita injiniyoyi masu ban sha'awa a ciki. Mu hadu dasu?
Menene 1S ICE?
1S ICE daga Injin Injiniya wani injin ne mai ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi a girmansa da ƙarfinsa, yana yin awo kawai 500 cm3 kuma yana auna kilo 43 kawai - mahaliccinsa, Juan Garrido, ya ce ya rigaya yana aiki akan juyin halitta na wannan rukunin yana auna kilo 35 kawai (!).Ƙananan nauyinsa da ƙararrakinsa sune manyan fa'idodi guda biyu waɗanda waɗanda ke da alhakin INNengine ke sanar da injunan konewa na ciki na al'ada ( bugun jini 4):
- Har zuwa 70% jimlar raguwar girma;
- Har zuwa 75% rage nauyi;
- Har zuwa 70% ƙananan sassa;
- Kuma har zuwa 75% ƙasa da ƙaura, amma tare da ƙarfin ƙarfi ɗaya kamar injin na yau da kullun 4x ya fi girma. Misali, 500 cm3 1S ICE yana samun iko iri ɗaya da injin bugun bugun jini 2000 cm3.
Hakanan zamu iya ganin cewa, duk da ƙananan girman cubic, 1S ICE yana da silinda huɗu da… pistons takwas - ba kuskure bane, ainihin pistons takwas ne… a gaban injin pistons masu adawa. Na rubuta pistons masu adawa kuma ba manyan silinda da aka fi sani ba. Menene bambanci?
Pistons kishiyar sun girme fiye da yadda kuke zato
Injin-piston kishiya ba iri ɗaya bane da injunan silinda kamar waɗanda muka sani a Porsche da Subaru. Menene bambanci? A cikin injunan piston masu adawa muna da pistons guda biyu a kowace silinda, suna aiki ɗaya sabanin ɗayan, tare da ɗakin konewa na biyu.
Ba sabon abu ba ne, duk da haka, idan ana maganar injunan konewa na ciki, duk da kasancewar wani sabon bayani na fasaha.
A haƙiƙa, injin piston na farko mai adawa ya koma 1882, wanda James Atkinson ya tsara (Atkinson iri ɗaya ne wanda ya ba da sunansa ga zagayowar konewa da aka samu, sama da duka, a cikin motocin matasan, saboda mafi girman ingancinsa).
Babban fa'idar wannan tsari ya ta'allaka ne da inganci mafi girma, tunda babu sauran kan silinda da camshafts - injunan piston masu adawa da bugun jini 2 - rage nauyi, rikitarwa, asarar zafi da gogayya, da farashi.
Biyan kuɗi zuwa wasiƙarmu
Duk da haka, a aikace, yayin da pistons guda biyu a cikin silinda guda ɗaya dole ne suyi aiki ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, dole ne a haɗa su ta jiki tare, tilasta maye gurbin wasu abubuwan da suka ɓace da nauyi.
An yi amfani da injunan piston kishiyar, sama da duka, a cikin manyan abubuwan sufuri, kamar jiragen ruwa, motocin soja, ko ma a matsayin ingantattun janareta. A cikin duniyar mota sun fi wuya. A yau, watakila mafi kusancin injin fistan-piston don samar da mota (ko a mafi kyawun abin hawa na kasuwanci) shine na Achates Power. Kuna da ɗan gajeren bidiyo wanda zai ba ku damar fahimtar yadda yake aiki:
Kishiyar pistons 2.0: bankwana crankshaft
Menene bambanci tsakanin 1S ICE daga INNEngine da wannan injin silinda na Achates? Kamar yadda muke iya gani a cikin fim ɗin da ke sama, don sarrafa motsin duk pistons a cikin silinda muna da crankshafts guda biyu tare da tsarin gear. 1S ICE kawai yana bazuwa tare da crankshafts, kuma tare da su sandunan haɗin kai da duk kayan haɗin gwiwar sun ɓace daga wurin.
Ta hanyar rage yawan abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikin injin ta, INNengine ta haka ta sami raguwar da aka ambata a cikin girma da yawa, da yuwuwar haɓakar inganci.
A wurin crankshafts muna samun guda biyu (wani nau'in faifan diski wanda ya dace da mashin injin), ɗaya a kowane ƙarshen injin, tare da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba a ƙididdige su ba. Su ne abin da ya sa ya yiwu a daidaita motsi na pistons takwas (wanda yanzu ke motsawa a cikin axis a layi daya da motar motar).
Dubi su suna aiki:
Sauti mai sauƙi, ko ba haka ba? Godiya ga daidaitawa da daidaitawa na duk (ƙaɗan) sassa masu motsi, da motsi na pistons a layi tare da babban shaft, ma'aunin wannan injin kusan cikakke ne.
Rashin jijjiga shi ne, a lokacin da suka nuna wani fim na wani samfurin injiniya a kan benci na gwaji, an zarge shi da ƙarya, saboda ba a gani a ido ba cewa injin yana aiki ...
A cikin wannan ɗan gajeren bidiyon za mu iya ganin wasu fasalulluka na 1S ICE, kamar yiwuwar haɓaka dan kadan gaba da matsayi na ɗaya daga cikin "crankshafts". Yiwuwar da ke ba da damar rarraba mabambanta, ba bawuloli (ba su da su), amma tashoshin jiragen ruwa (shigarwa da shaye-shaye) waɗanda ke ɗaukar wurinsu. Hakanan yana ba da damar haɓaka ƙimar matsawa mai ƙarfi, canza shi kamar yadda ake buƙata, kamar injin Nissan.
Manufar waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan, kamar yadda zaku iya samu a cikin wasu injunan 4-stroke waɗanda ke ba motocin mu, shine don samun ingantacciyar inganci da aiki. A cikin yanayin 1S ICE, yana ba da damar sassaucin cewa injunan 2-stroke - irin su waɗanda ke da pistons kishiyar - ba su yarda ba, tare da waɗannan ƙayyadaddun sigogi.
Kuma wannan ya kawo mu ga wani sabon abu na 1S ICE, gaskiyar cewa injin 1-stroke ne, fasalin da yake da mahimmanci cewa yana cikin sunansa: 1 Stroke ko 1-Stroke.
Sau 1 kawai?! Hakanan?
Mun saba da kalmar 4-stroke engine (wanda ke ba motocin mu injin konewa na ciki), da kuma injin bugun bugun jini 2 (waɗannan galibi ana danganta su da babura). Duk da haka, INNengine ya ce injinsa 1 bugun jini ne, wanda ke nufin:
- 4-bugun jini: fashewa daya don jujjuyawar crankshaft guda biyu;
- 2 bugun jini: fashewa ɗaya don kowane juyi crankshaft;
- 1 lokaci: fashewa biyu ga kowane crankshaft juya.
A wasu kalmomi, ko da yake ka'idar aiki na 1S ICE yayi kama da na injunan 2-stroke, yana sarrafa, duk da haka, sau biyu fashewa ga kowane juyi na crankshaft, kuma sau hudu abin da za mu iya cimma a cikin injin 4-stroke. A lokaci guda, wannan sabon gine-ginen yana cimma duk wannan tare da ƙananan sassa.
Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin "asiri" ga ingancin da aka yi alkawarinsa da kuma takamaiman aiki: bisa ga INNENgine, kananan 500 cm3 iya gabatar da lambobi daidai da 2000 cm3 4-stroke engine.
Lambobin… mai yiwuwa
Har yanzu muna cikin matakin ci gaba, don haka babu takamaiman lambobi. Amma a cikin bidiyo inda Juan Garrido ya bayyana ya bayyana komai game da injinsa (za mu bar bidiyo a ƙarshen labarin), akwai lambar da ta fito: 155 nm a 800 rpm! Wani adadi mai ban sha'awa kuma kawai don kwatancen, muna da ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfi iri ɗaya waɗanda ƙananan turbos dubu suka samu a cikin kasuwarmu, amma sun kai 1000 rpm daga baya kuma… ana cajin su.Lambobin da suka danganci cinyewa/haɓaka, za mu daɗe da jira, wanda ya kawo mu ga ainihin tambaya:
Shin zai zo don ba da kayan mota?
Wataƙila, amma ba a yadda kuke tunani ba. Ko da yake suna canza Mazda MX-5 (NB) don zama samfurin gwaji na wannan injin, makasudi da fuskantar ci gabansa shine ya zama mai kewayon kewayon motocin lantarki.
Gaskiyar cewa yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi, haske, ingantaccen aiki, kuma yana samar da irin waɗannan lambobi masu yawa a irin waɗannan ƙananan revs - makasudin wannan kewayon kewayon shine don samar da 30 kW (41 hp) a 2500 rpm - na iya sanya shi cikakkiyar kewayo. Ƙananan farashi (babu buƙatar irin wannan babban baturi), ƙarancin ƙazanta (mafi ingantacciyar ingin konewa), da haɓakar gyare-gyare a kan jirgi (rashin girgiza).
Koyaya, sauran aikace-aikacen suna gaba don wannan injin, tare da INNengine haɓaka injin don gasa, kuma jirgin sama (haske) ya riga ya nuna sha'awar wannan injin.
Duniyar gaske
Kamar injin wutar lantarki na Achates, yuwuwar INNENgine 1S ICE ba shi da tabbas. Don ganin da gaske, ana buƙatar tallafin kuɗi mai yawa, kuma duk da cewa kamfanonin biyu suna da goyon bayan Saudi Aramco (katafaren kamfanin mai na Saudiyya), abin da ya dace shi ne samun goyon bayan masana'antun motoci guda ɗaya ko da yawa.
Idan Achates Power ya riga ya samu godiya a cikin wani ɓangare don tallafi daga Cummins (mai yin injiniya) da ARPA-E (Hukumar gwamnatin Amurka don ci gaba da ayyukan da ke da alaka da makamashi), INNengine bai samo shi ba.
Akwai shekaru 10 na ci gaba, an riga an sami samfuran injin akan benci na gwaji. Sha'awar da ake samu na iya tashi kawai - ko da saboda alkawuran wannan mai ƙarfafawa - amma duk da haka, ba a da tabbacin cimma nasara. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin da ake ciki a yanzu, inda masana'antar kera motoci ke mayar da hankali kan tilastawa, kawai kuma kawai, akan wutar lantarki. Zai yi wahala mai gini ya karkatar da jarinsa zuwa sabon injin konewa na ciki, da kuma bayan inda akwai sabobin ciki.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa INNengine ta mayar da hankali kan haɓaka 1S ICE a matsayin mai faɗaɗa kewayon - da alama ita ce kawai damar da za ta iya ɗauka a nan gaba kuma ta kama sha'awar masana'antar kera motoci.
Muhimmancin injin konewa na ciki a nan gaba ya dace ba kawai ga mota ba, amma ga kowane nau'in motocin da yake amfani da su, na ƙasa, ruwa ko iska. Lambobin a bayyane suke kuma suna da yawa.
Kimanin injunan ƙonewa na cikin gida miliyan 200 ne ake kera kowace shekara (kusan miliyan 90 na motoci ne), don haka ba a sa ran cewa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci za su ɓace kawai bayan mun “gano” wutar lantarki.
Yana da mahimmanci a ci gaba da saka hannun jari a cikin juyin halittarsu, saboda suma wani bangare ne na mafita.
Ga wadanda suke so su sani game da wannan na ciki konewa engine, na bar muku wani bidiyo (Spanish, amma subtitled a Turanci) by Juan Francisco Calero, jarida, wanda ya sami damar ziyarci INNENgine ta wurare da kuma magana da Juan Garrido, daga INNengine :