Rubutu: Joaquim Oliveira / Thomas Geiger
Abu na farko da ke zuwa a hankali lokacin da ake yin la'akari da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan fasikanci Senna GTR , Mafi kwanan nan memba na McLaren's Ultimate Series iyali (wanda ya shiga Senna, Speedtail da Elva) shi ne cewa a kowane lokaci zai zama wani nau'i na mutum-mutumi mai ƙiyayya, nau'in mai canzawa, irin wannan shine adadin abubuwan da ke cikin iska wanda aka manne a jiki, wanda ya dace da shi. ya fi "tsabta" akan samfura kamar 720S ko P1.
Tunanin da ya rage shi ne cewa sifofin kwayoyin halitta sun haifar da harshen ƙira, da gangan rarrabuwa - babu wani layi daya da ba a katse shi ta hanyar kowane nau'in iska a cikin aikin jiki - a cikin neman cikakken aiki. A bayyane yake, an ba da fifiko don bin diddigin tasiri, ba kyakkyawa ba.
Alamar Birtaniyya ita ce ta farko da ta fara samun motar Formula 1 da aka yi da fiber carbon (MP4/1 ta 1981) kuma ita ce motar hanyarta ta farko da aka yi gabaɗaya da kayan nauyi iri ɗaya (1990 F1, mota). makaranta, kamar yadda duk McLaren da aka saki a kasuwa tun lokacin amfani da wannan ginin.
Senna GTR shine mafi sauki duka, nauyi kawai 1188 kg "bushe" (watau, kafin samun da muhimmanci ruwaye don samun kusa), wanda shi ne 210 kg kasa da hyper-wasanni P1 (wannan matasan tsarin nauyi…), 95 kg kasa da 720S, godiya ga wani ciki kusan tsirara, kuma 10 kg kasa. fiye da Senna… babu kari.
Fiye da 1000 kilogiram na ƙasa
Babu wani abu da yawa don yaudarar: Senna GTR motar tsere ce kuma komai yana tsoratar da lokacin da kuka kusanci ta kuma tun kafin ta fara motsawa. Manyan ƙafafun suna nufin ma fi girma birki fiye da waɗanda aka girka akan McLaren 720S GT3 (gasar), don tsarin da ke ba da ƙarfin tsayawa mai ban sha'awa.
Biyan kuɗi zuwa wasiƙarmu
Dangane da tsarin birki na Senna, GTR an sanye shi da ƙirƙira aluminium monobloc calipers tare da pistons shida a gaba da pistons huɗu a baya, suna aiki akan fayafai na yumbu na 390 mm da fayafai masu ƙarfi. Kamar McLaren Senna, GTR kuma yana da aikin birki na iska akan reshe na baya, wanda aka tsara anan don samar da mafi girman 20% mafi girma…
Matakan da ba za a iya yarda da su ba, sun kai fiye da 1000 kg a gudun 250 km / h, a kan 800 kg a cikin Senna. A gefe guda, a ƙananan gudu ana haifar da ƙarfin ƙasa daidai da na Senna, amma a ƙananan saurin 15%, kuma tare da raguwar ja.
Babu shakka cewa "ƙarin ƙarfi / ƙarancin nauyi / ƙarin tasirin iska" yana haifar da sakamakon da ake so
Idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da aka gyara kamar 2018 Senna GTR Concept, mai raba gaba yana da sabon bayanin martaba kuma an rage mai watsawa na baya don inganta aikin cikin kewayawa. Ingancin mai watsawa, bi da bi, an inganta shi ta sabon reshe na baya - ƙirar ƙirar ƙarshen salon LMP1, wanda ke ɗaure shi da aikin jiki sosai kuma hanya ce mai inganci don fitar da iska daga bayan motar. .
An sake matsar da reshe a baya ta yadda gefen sa ya kasance a wajen motar (wani abu da ba zai yiwu ba a cikin motar mota), kuma wannan sabon matsayi ya fi amfani da iskar da ke gudana a bayan Senna GTR. Kamar yadda yake tare da "wanda ba GTR Senna", a nan muna da aerodynamics aiki a cikin nau'i na aerodynamic ruwan wukake da flank da radiators da articulated raya reshe - abubuwan da a halin yanzu ba a yarda a GT3 tseren, amma wanda ya kawo gagarumin aerodynamic abũbuwan amfãni. Za a iya barin reshe a cikin cikakken matsayi a kwance, wanda ya dace don isa iyakar gudu, godiya ga tsarin rage ja ta atomatik (DRS).
Yawancin chassis suna canzawa
A cikin dakatarwa, bambance-bambance don Senna ba'a iyakance ga 8 cm da aka ƙara akan waƙar gaba ba ko 7 cm fadada sararin samaniya tsakanin ƙafafun a baya.
Matsakaicin dakatarwar da aka yi amfani da shi akan Senna, wanda ke ba ku damar ayyana nisan ƙasa daban-daban don hanya da na kewayawa, ba a karɓi shi anan ba saboda GTR baya buƙatar wannan ambivalence, saboda ba zai taɓa barin wannan yanayin na ƙarshe ba. Wannan ya ba da damar adana nauyi da rage sarƙaƙƙiya ta hanyar canza dakatarwa zuwa yin amfani da rufin buri biyu na aluminum, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, masu ɗaukar girgiza (daidaitacce a wurare huɗu) da sanduna masu daidaitawa dangane da dakatarwa akan GT3s daga shirin tseren abokin ciniki na McLaren.
Ba tare da bin ka'idodin GT3 ba, wanda ke hana motocin tsere zuwa inci 18 na ƙirƙira ultra-light alloy ƙafafun, a nan muna da ƙafafun 19-inch kamar Senna, amma tare da ƙirar kullewa ta tsakiya. Waɗanda kuma sun fi girma fiye da ƙa'idodin GT3 na yanzu suna ba da izini, kasancewa 10 ″ a gaba da 13 ″ a baya (tayoyin sune Pirelli slicks, girman 285/650 a gaba da 325/705 a baya).
Ko da kafin isa a da'irar Snetterton, a Ingila, don wannan sabon gamuwa da Senna GTR, jin tsoro ya riga ya bayyana, ko da yake a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba (bushewar makogwaro, asarar ci, tingling ƙafa ...). Amma palpitations kara da zarar ya shiga cikin mota (duly sanye take da racing kwat da wando, safofin hannu da kwalkwali), wanda shi ne wajibi ne don runtse jiki fiye da na Senna (saboda, da kawai 1195 mm a tsawo). , Senna GTR ya fi guntu mm 34) ta hanyar bude kofofin "a cikin almakashi" (mafi yawan sunan fasaha shine "dihedron").
Duk da haka dai, an sauƙaƙe aikin da gaskiyar cewa, lokacin buɗewa, ƙofofin (wanda nauyinsa bai wuce 8 kg, ƙasa da rabin nauyin McLaren P1 ba, ko da saboda windows an yi su da filastik) suna ɗaukar wani bangare mai kyau tare da su. na rufin motar.
Wannan kumbon ciki, wanda ke mamaye da fallasa fiber carbon carbon da kuma Alcantara, yana haɗa mafi ƙarancin monocoque da McLaren (Monocage III) ke ƙera kuma ana siffanta shi da kusan cire duk wani abu da bai zama dole ba don sanya motar cikin sauri. kuma tasiri kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Ganuwa na gaba yana da kyau (kamar yadda aka saba a McLaren), amma gefen ba shi da yawa (filastik a cikin yankin translucent na ƙofofin yana ba ku damar ganin ƙasa…) kuma baya ya ragu sosai, saboda haɓakar tsarin a. na baya na kokfit kamar yadda yake da kato, mai sarrafa ruwa mai ƙarfi reshen rear carbon fiber na baya wanda nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 5 amma yana jure matsi fiye da sau 100 nauyinsa.
825 hp don "tashi" a hankali
Kuma bayan gano maɓallin farawa injin (wanda aka sanya akan rufin don rage yawan adadin umarni a gaban direban / direba, ban da waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don sarrafa motar) lokaci yayi da za a fara saurin mintuna 15 na rayuwa, wanda zai iya zama wani abu kusa da abin da Pink Floyd ke magana a kai a matsayin rashin jin daɗi na ɗan lokaci a hankali.
Bayan kai injin 4.0l V8 tare da iyakar 825 hp da 800 Nm kuma zuwa gefe, a baya da kuma ƙarƙashin kayan aikin kayan aikin da ake buƙata don sanya duk abin da ke ƙasa, yana yin iyakar ƙarfin da ya fi irin wannan kilo 1000 a gudun 250 km / h, lokacin da yake cikin yanayin Race.
Ƙananan ɓangaren aileron yana haifar da matsi fiye da na sama, wanda ke nufin cewa Senna GTR ba a tura shi ba, amma a maimakon haka ya tsotse cikin ƙasa, tare da jimlar ƙarfin da ya fi 50% fiye da wanda McLaren P1 ya haifar ( sake a cikin Yanayin tuƙi na Race).
Sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin wannan hanya mai ban mamaki na haɓaka ƙarfin Senna GTR akan kwalta sune fuka-fukan gaba da aka ambata a baya (a cikin fiber carbon, ba shakka) waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mummunan tasirin motar motar a ƙasa.
Dakatarwar a dabi'a tana da kakkausan martani, tuƙi yana amsawa kai tsaye, koyaushe yana da alama yana hasashen manufar direban / matukin jirgi, kuma feda mai haɓaka ya sami daidaiton maƙerin zinari ta yadda direban zai iya nema kuma ya karɓi daidai adadin ikon / binary da ake so a kowane lokaci.
Mitoci na farko sun isa tabbatar da cewa kusan babu wani abu don tace hayaniya a cikin wannan jirgin, ƙasa da kowane McLaren (kuma watakila kama da sabon ƙarni na Ford GT) kuma motar tana karanta kwalta da daidaito.
Duk da haka, tayoyin sun riga sun yi zafi kadan kuma na sami izini daga gogaggen navigator don ƙara taki kadan, a lokacin motar ba ta jin dadi fiye da yadda ake tsammani, watakila saboda ƙananan nauyin da za ta ɗauka a bayanta.
Yayin da saurin ya karu, har ma mutum na iya jin cewa ƙirar jiki ta tilasta iskar ta wuce inda injiniyoyi ke son tafiya, amma koyaushe cikin ci gaba, ba tare da tsalle-tsalle ba, a cikin wani nau'in crescendo mai iya tsinkaya wanda ke raye tare da saurin gudu. Wannan, a lokaci guda da kusan rashin rashin inertia, yana shigar da halin gaggawa ga kowane hanzari, birki ko canjin shugabanci.
Babu shakka cewa dabarar "ƙaramar ƙarfi / ƙarancin nauyi / ƙarin tasirin iska" yana haifar da sakamakon da ake so, kuma tare da taimakon mafi kyawun tuƙi (taimakon na'ura mai aiki da ruwa) wanda aka riga aka ɗora akan McLaren (wataƙila mafi kyawun wanda ya taɓa wuce ni, a zahiri, ta hannun hannu) da tsarin birki tare da fayafai na carbon-ceramic na musamman waɗanda, a cewar Andy Palmer ( darektan ci gaban fasaha na alamar Ingilishi) “suna da ikon yin aiki a zazzabi 20% ƙasa da al'ada - a 150 ºC - wanda yana ba su damar zama ƙanana, kodayake 60% sun fi ƙarfin abin da McLaren ya yi amfani da shi zuwa yanzu. "
Lambobin sun tabbatar da haka: Senna GTR yana buƙatar ko da ƙasa da mita 100 da Senna ke amfani da shi don ya tsaya tsayin daka a cikin gudun kilomita 200 / h, wanda ke nufin 20 m ƙasa da P1 (e, nauyin kuma yana da nasa). rabon alhaki). Game da rashin kuskuren sharhi, ya zama dole a bayyana cewa McLaren bai riga ya sanya bayanan aikin Senna GTR ba kuma wannan batu shine na biyu saboda wannan motar tana iya tafiya ne kawai a kan kewaye, don haka baya buƙatar amincewa da yawa kafin kasancewa. sayar.
Injin 4.0 l twin-turbo V8 guda ɗaya a cikin matsakaicin matsayi na tsakiya wanda McLaren ke amfani da shi a cikin raguwa daban-daban (a nan yana da 25 hp fiye da Senna godiya ga sake fasalin injin sarrafa injin da gaskiyar cewa an cire mai canzawa na biyu na catalytic, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da haɓakawa). yana rage turbo backpressure), yana haifar da saurin watsawa ta atomatik mai sauri bakwai (watakila ma santsi ga masu amfani da haƙarƙarin mahayi fiye da direba, kamar yadda ya dace da wannan motar), wanda ke aika duk fitarwa zuwa ƙafafun baya don cimma kusan kusan. rubuce-rubucen marasa imani waɗanda suka zarce na Senna: 2.8 s daga 0 zuwa 100 km / h, 6.8 s daga 0 zuwa 200 km / h, 17.5 s daga 0 zuwa 300 km / h da matsakaicin saurin 340 km / h (Har yanzu babu lambobi na hukuma).
Amma ga wanda ya yi sa'a ya gwada motoci kamar Bugatti Chiron, Porsche 911 GT2 RS ko ma Formula One, ba lambobin ne suka fi burge Senna GTR ba, duk irin kokarin da ya yi (kuma ya wajabta). …) jure ƙarfin “g” da yawa a cikin hanzari mai jujjuyawa da birki.
Hali tare da madaidaicin tiyata
A wannan yanayin, ainihin abin da ke sa lebe ya zama m (da fahimta, a cikin tsari guda) shine sauƙin da motar ta shiga cikin raye-raye na zunubi tare da kwanciyar hankali, riko da aminci kamar yadda har ma da kwakwalwar da aka yi amfani da su don gwada manyan wasanni a kan hanya. yana da wahalar narkewa.
Don tabbatar da hakan, kusan ba zai yiwu a sake tsara ta (kwakwalwa) don kada a rasa inda ake birki don shiga cikin lanƙwasa ba, kawai saboda canjin “guntu” a cikin ɗan adam na kowa ba shi da sauri.
Kuma akasin haka ya faru, a wasu kalmomi, yanayin da wuce gona da iri na birki mai ƙarfi (taimakawa ta hanyar ingantaccen iska) ya sa mu kusan tsayawa da kyau kafin wurin shigarwa a cikin lanƙwasa don taɓa koli, tilasta sake haɓakawa. . Abin kunya kaɗan, a, koda kuwa girman kai ya ba shi uzuri tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci na zaman da ba a shirya ba.
Amma duk da haka, an sami ɗan bege cewa zai iya kasancewa cikin manufofin ƙwararrun injiniyoyin McLaren waɗanda, a cikin haɓakarsa, ya bayyana cewa 95% na direbobi yakamata su iya cin gajiyar kashi 95% na ayyukan Senna GTR. Ko da yake ragowar kashi 5% shine ke raba "alkama da ƙanƙara"…
Ba za ku iya gamawa ba tare da barin ainihin kwatancen rikodin GTR da babban injiniyan aikin ya ba ni: a kan cinya a kusa da da'irar Spa-Francorchamps, a Belgium, GTR ya kasance 8s da sauri fiye da Senna da 3s cikin sauri fiye da tseren GT3. , wanda ya bar kyakkyawan ra'ayi na matakin aikin da muke hulɗa da shi a nan ...
A ƙarshen wannan ƙwarewa ta musamman a bayan motar Senna GTR, za ku iya tabbata cewa sabon McLaren ya fi sauri, mafi inganci, mafi rashin tsoro fiye da waɗanda suka jagorance shi a nan, waɗanda suka fi direba fiye da matukin jirgi, amma har yanzu , isashen ƙwarewa don fahimtar cewa, a cikin ƙwararrun hannaye, sararin sama zai zama iyakar ku. Wannan sararin sama, inda mai yiwuwa Ayrton zai yi alfahari da yadda aka biya wannan karramawar fasahar tashi ta sama.
Wasannin tsere na musamman
Senna GTR yana wanzuwa ne kawai tare da tuƙi na hagu, saboda a gefe ɗaya wannan bai dace da motar tsere ba, amma kuma saboda yawancin masu saye suna daga kasuwanni masu tuƙi na hagu.
Har ila yau, muna da bacquet mai haske mai haske (wanda bai wuce kilogiram 5 ba kuma yana da hatimin amincewa da Ƙungiyar Automobile ta Duniya) a cikin fiber carbon da FIA maki shida, wanda zai iya (a matsayin zaɓi na kyauta) ya dace. .
Wannan babban kokfit ne mai matukar wahala, babu jakan iska, infotainment da sauran kayan aikin direba (amma ana iya samun kwandishan, kyauta). Akwai ƙarewar satin zuwa abubuwan fiber carbon fiber na ciki, sills an rufe su da baƙar fata - wanda ke kan motar, a zahiri - kuma rufin rufin yana cikin Alcantara.
An maye gurbin kayan aikin kayan aiki da sitiyarin gargajiya da wasu abubuwan da suka fi kama da tsere. Nuni a gaban direba / matukin jirgi yana nuna mahimman bayanai a hanya mafi sauƙi, tare da layin LED na kayan aiki tare da saman gefen. Ƙarin allo na tsakiya, wanda ke maye gurbin hanyar taɓawa ta Senna, yana nuna ra'ayi daga kyamarar da aka saka ta baya.
Tashin tuƙi na gasar, maras kima a sama da ƙasa, yana da paddles na gearshift kuma yana dogara ne akan sitiyarin motocin GT3, amma tare da ayyuka daban-daban ga kowane maɓalli, bisa ga ka'idar maɓallin-ɗaya/aiki ɗaya, wanda aka yi amfani da shi. a ko'ina cikin kokfit.
Har ila yau, akwai rediyo don sadarwa tare da kwalaye da kyamarori biyu a cikin jirgin: daya yana fuskantar gaban motar kuma ɗayan yana fuskantar cikin motar, da kuma maɓallin kashewa masu sauƙi don aikin ƙaddamarwa, sarrafa saurin gudu a cikin ramuka. da tsayayyen wuri don ruwan sama mai haske.
Hakanan ana ba da mahallin musamman na tsere ta hanyar tsarin maye gurbin ruwa don direban, wanda ya tilasta musu rasa su tsakanin ƙoƙari da zafi (wani nau'in akwati na fiber carbon na "ɗaukar sha").
Portugal tana da wakilci sosai a Senna!
Ƙayyadaddun bayanai
| Kimanin farashi) | Yuro miliyan 2.5 |
| Motoci | |
|---|---|
| Nau'in | V8 |
| Sanyawa | Tsayi na tsakiya/baya |
| Kaura | 3994 cm3 |
| Rarrabawa | DOHC, 32 bawuloli |
| Abinci | Raunin Kai tsaye, biturbo, intercooler |
| Matsakaicin iko | 825 hp / 7250 rpm |
| iyakar karfin juyi | 800 nm/5000 rpm |
| Yawo | |
| Jan hankali | baya |
| Akwatin | Atomatik, 7 gudun, kama biyu |
| Dandalin | Monocage III |
| Dakatarwa | |
| FR/TR | Masu zaman kansu, madaidaitan ma'auni guda biyu, masu haɗin kai masu zaman kansu ta hanyar ruwa tare da matsayi huɗu masu daidaitawa |
| Hanyar | |
| Nau'in | Electro-hydraulic, taimaka |
| Juyi na 1 | 12.9m ku |
| Birki da Kaya | |
| Fr. | 390 mm carbide-ceramic fayafai, 6-piston ƙirƙira aluminum calipers |
| Tr. | 390 mm carbide-ceramic fayafai, 4-piston ƙirƙira aluminum calipers |
| ƙafafun ƙafafu | Fr: 10J x 19' - 285/19. T: 13J x 19 ″ - 325/19 |
| aikin jiki | |
| Tsawon/Nisa/ Tsawo. | 4964 mm/2009 mm/1229 mm |
| wheelbase | mm 2695 |
| Nauyi | 1198 kg (bushe) |
| Matsakaicin nauyi/ƙarfi | 1.5 kg/h |
| Cap. na akwati | N.D. |
| Adadin ajiya | 72 lita |
| Sakamako | |
| Matsakaicin gudu | > 340 km/h |
| 0-100 km/h | |
| 0-200 km/h | |
| 0-300 km/h | |
| birki | |
| 300-0 km/h | |
| 200-0 km/h | |
| 100-0 km/h | |
| amfani da talla | |
| Urb./ Extra-birane | N.D. |
| Haɗuwa/CO2 | N.D. |
| Lura: Ba a buƙatar amincewar abin hawa kan hanya kuma McLaren bai riga ya yi bayanan aikin hukuma ba (mun dai san cewa sun fi na Senna waɗanda aka yi amfani da lambobinsu a nan azaman tunani) |