Yana da shekaru 40 da suka wuce cewa Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W116) ya zama na farko samar da mota da za a sanye take da. na'urar rigakafin kulle birki (daga asalin Jamusanci Antiblockier-Bremssystem), wanda aka fi sani da gajarta ABS.
Akwai shi kawai a matsayin zaɓi, daga ƙarshen 1978, don jimlar DM 2217.60 mara ƙima (kusan Yuro 1134), zai faɗaɗa cikin sauri cikin kewayon alamar Jamusanci - a cikin 1980 azaman zaɓi akan duk samfuran sa. , a 1981 ya kai tallace-tallace kuma daga 1992 zai zama wani ɓangare na daidaitattun kayan aiki na duk motocin Mercedes-Benz.
Amma menene ABS?
Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, wannan tsarin yana hana ƙafafun kullewa lokacin da ake birki - musamman a kan ƙasa mara nauyi - yana ba ku damar yin amfani da iyakar ƙarfin birki, yayin da kuke kula da jagorancin abin hawa.
Za mu iya ganin nau'o'i daban-daban na tsarin a cikin hoton da ke sama, ba bambanta da yawa daga yau ba: na'ura mai sarrafawa (kwamfuta), na'urori masu auna gudu hudu - daya kowace dabaran - bawuloli na hydraulic (wanda ke sarrafa karfin birki), da famfo (maido da birki). matsa lamba). Amma ta yaya duk yake aiki? Mun ba ƙasa ga Mercedes-Benz kanta, wanda aka ɗauka daga ɗaya daga cikin ƙasidu a lokacin:
Na'urar hana kulle-kulle tana amfani da kwamfuta don gano canje-canje a cikin saurin jujjuyawar kowace dabaran yayin birki. Idan gudun ya ragu da sauri (kamar lokacin da ake birki a kan wani wuri mai santsi) kuma akwai haɗarin kulle ƙafafun, kwamfutar ta atomatik tana rage matsi akan birki. Dabarun na sake yin sauri kuma an ƙara ƙarfin birki, don haka birki dabaran. Ana maimaita wannan tsari sau da yawa a cikin daƙiƙa kaɗan.
shekaru 40 da suka gabata…
A tsakanin ranakun 22 zuwa 25 ga watan Agustan 1978 ne Mercedes-Benz da Bosch suka gabatar da ABS a Untertürkheim, Stuttgart, Jamus. Amma ba zai zama na farko da ya nuna amfani da irin wannan tsarin ba.
Tarihin ci gaban ABS a Mercedes-Benz ya sake komawa cikin lokaci, tare da sanannun aikace-aikacen ikon mallaka na farko don tsarin a cikin 1953, ta hanyar Hans Scherenberg, sannan darektan zane a Mercedes-Benz kuma daga baya darektan ci gabanta.
An riga an san irin wannan tsarin, ko a cikin jiragen sama (anti-skid) ko a cikin jiragen kasa (anti-slip), amma a cikin mota aiki ne mai rikitarwa, tare da buƙatu masu yawa akan na'urori masu auna sigina, sarrafa bayanai da sarrafawa. Babban ci gaba tsakanin sashen bincike da ci gaba da kansa da abokan hulɗar masana'antu daban-daban za su yi nasara a ƙarshe, tare da jujjuyawar da ke faruwa a cikin 1963, lokacin da aka fara aiki, a zahiri, akan tsarin sarrafa lantarki-na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa.
A cikin 1966, Daimler-Benz ya fara haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙwararren masanin lantarki Teldix (daga baya Bosch ya samu). Ya ƙare a farkon zanga-zangar "Mercedes-Benz/Telix Anti-Block System" ga kafofin watsa labarai a cikin 1970. , karkashin jagorancin Hans Scherenberg. Wannan tsarin ya yi amfani da nau'i-nau'i na analog, amma don yawan samar da tsarin, ƙungiyar ci gaba ta dubi tsarin dijital a matsayin hanyar gaba - mafi aminci, mafi sauƙi kuma mafi ƙarfi bayani.
Jürgen Paul, injiniya kuma mai alhakin aikin ABS a Mercedes-Benz, daga baya zai yi iƙirarin cewa yanke shawarar zuwa dijital shine babban lokacin ci gaban ABS. Tare da Bosch - alhakin na'urar sarrafa dijital - Mercedes-Benz zai bayyana ƙarni na biyu na ABS akan hanyar gwajin masana'anta a Untertürkheim.
ABS shine farkon farawa
Ba wai kawai ABS zai zama ɗayan kayan aikin aminci na yau da kullun a cikin motoci ba, har ila yau ya nuna farkon haɓaka tsarin taimakon dijital a cikin motocin samfuran Jamusanci, da ƙari.
Hakanan za a yi amfani da haɓaka na'urori masu auna firikwensin don ABS, a tsakanin sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, a cikin alamar Jamusanci, don tsarin ASR ko tsarin kula da skid (1985); ESP ko kula da kwanciyar hankali (1995); tsarin BAS ko Tsarin Taimakon Birki (1996); da kuma daidaitawa cruise control (1998), tare da ƙari na sauran na'urori masu auna firikwensin da aka gyara.