Sanarwar hukuma ta Toyota ba ta iya farawa kai tsaye: "Yana jin kamar sihiri: mun sanya takamaiman na'ura don saduwa da iska, mu fallasa ta ga hasken rana, kuma ta fara samar da mai kyauta."
Kyauta? Kamar?
Na farko, man da suke magana akai ba fetur ko dizal ba ne, amma hydrogen. Kuma kamar yadda muka sani, Toyota na daya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasa a wannan fanni, na motocin dakon man fetur, ko kuma man fetur, wadanda ke amfani da hydrogen wajen samar da makamashin lantarki da ake bukata don sanya abin hawa a cikin kayan aiki.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke kawo cikas ga faɗaɗa wannan fasaha yana zaune daidai a cikin samar da hydrogen. Duk da kasancewarsa mafi yawan abubuwan da ke cikin sararin samaniya, abin takaici koyaushe yana bayyana "haɗe" zuwa wani nau'in - misali na yau da kullum shine kwayoyin ruwa, H2O - wanda ke buƙatar matakai masu rikitarwa da tsada don ware da adana shi.
Kuma kamar yadda Toyota ya tuna, samar da hydrogen har yanzu yana amfani da makamashin burbushin halittu, yanayin da alamar Jafan ta yi niyyar canzawa.
A cewar wata sanarwa daga Toyota Motor Europe (TME) sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a fannin fasaha. Haɗin gwiwa tare da DIFFER (Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi ta Yaren mutanen Holland) ƙera na'urar da za ta iya ɗaukar tururin ruwa da ke cikin iska, kai tsaye ta raba hydrogen da oxygen ta amfani da makamashin hasken rana kawai. - don haka muna samun man fetur kyauta.
Akwai ainihin dalilai guda biyu na wannan ci gaban haɗin gwiwa. Na farko, muna buƙatar sabbin abubuwa masu ɗorewa - irin su hydrogen - waɗanda za su iya rage dogaro ga albarkatun mai; na biyu, wajibi ne a rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli.
TME's Advanced Materials Research division da DIFFER's Catalytic and Electromechanical Processes for Energy Applications group, karkashin jagorancin Mihalis Tsampas, sun yi aiki tare don cimma hanyar rarraba ruwa zuwa abubuwan da ke tattare da shi a cikin yanayin gas (steam) kuma ba a cikin mafi yawan lokaci na ruwa ba. Mihalis Tsampas ya fayyace dalilan:
Mihalis Tsampas, Catalytic da Tsarin Electromechanical don Aikace-aikacen Makamashi daga BANBANCIYin aiki da gas maimakon ruwa yana da fa'idodi da yawa. Liquid yana da wasu matsalolin, kamar kumburin da ba a yi niyya ba. Bugu da ƙari, ta yin amfani da ruwa a cikin yanayin iskar gas maimakon lokacinsa na ruwa, ba ma buƙatar kayan aiki masu tsada don tsaftace ruwan. Kuma a ƙarshe, yayin da muke amfani da ruwa kawai a cikin iska da ke kewaye da mu, fasahar mu tana aiki a wurare masu nisa inda ruwa ba ya samuwa.
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Samfurin farko
TME da DIFFER sun nuna yadda ƙa'idar ta yi aiki, suna haɓaka sabon tantanin halitta mai ƙarfi na photoelectrochemical wanda zai iya ɗaukar ruwa daga iskar yanayi, inda, bayan fallasa ga rana, ya fara samar da hydrogen.
Wannan samfur na farko ya sami nasara ban sha'awa kashi 70% na aikin da aka samu ta na'urar da aka cika ruwa daidai - alkawari. Tsarin ya ƙunshi membranes electrolyte polymeric, porous photoelectrodes da kayan sha ruwa, haɗe a cikin takamaiman na'ura tare da hadedde membrane.
matakai na gaba
Aikin mai ban sha'awa, bisa la'akari da sakamakon da aka riga aka samu, an gudanar da shi don ware kudade daga Asusun NWO ENW PPS. Mataki na gaba shine inganta na'urar. Nau'in na farko ya yi amfani da photoelectrodes da aka sani yana da ƙarfi sosai, amma yana da iyakokinsa, kamar yadda Tsampas ya ce: "...kayan da aka yi amfani da shi kawai yana ɗaukar hasken UV, wanda ya kai kasa da 5% na duk hasken rana da ke isa duniya. Mataki na gaba shine a yi amfani da kayan zamani da inganta gine-ginen don kara yawan sha ruwa da hasken rana."
Bayan shawo kan wannan matsala, yana iya yiwuwa a yi amfani da fasaha. Kwayoyin photoelectrochemical da ake amfani da su don samar da hydrogen suna da ƙanƙanta (kimanin 1 cm2). Don samun ƙwaƙƙwaran tattalin arziki dole ne su girma aƙalla tsari biyu zuwa uku na girma (100 zuwa 1000 sau).
A cewar Tsampas, duk da cewa bai isa wurin ba tukuna, yana fatan cewa irin wannan tsarin a nan gaba ba zai iya taimakawa ba kawai don motsa motoci ba, har ma da wutar lantarki.