Cov neeg feem ntau tsis paub txog, cov khoom siv semiconductor (qhov no lawv qhov tsis txaus) tau nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev kub ntxhov tshiab uas kev lag luam tsheb tau ntsib.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum lub tsheb nce mus rau circuits, chips thiab processors, qhov tsis muaj cov khoom siv semiconductor tau ua rau kev tsim khoom qeeb, kev sib dhos kab nres thiab kev tshawb nrhiav "kev txawj ntse" cov kev daws teeb meem zoo li qhov pom los ntawm Peugeot rau 308 .
Tab sis dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor muaj, qhov tsis txaus uas tau yuam kev tsim khoom hauv kev lag luam tsheb? Lawv siv hom twg?
Dab tsi yog?
Hauv luv luv, kom deb li deb tau, cov khoom siv semiconductor txhais tau tias yog cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tam sim no lossis ua ib qho insulator nyob ntawm ntau yam (xws li ambient kub, electromagnetic teb uas nws tau kawm, los yog nws. tus kheej molecular muaj pes tsawg leeg).Coj los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub rooj zaum uas ua raws li cov khoom siv semiconductors. Feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam yog silicon (Si) thiab germanium (Ge), tab sis muaj lwm yam xws li sulfur (S), boron (B) thiab cadmium (Cd).
Thaum nyob hauv lub xeev ntshiab, cov ntaub ntawv no raug hu ua intrinsic semiconductors (qhov twg qhov concentration ntawm cov cab kuj zoo sib npaug rau qhov concentration ntawm cov cab kuj tsis zoo).
Cov feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam yog hu ua Extrinsic semiconductors thiab lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm impurity - atoms ntawm lwm yam ntaub ntawv, xws li phosphorus (P) -, los ntawm ib tug doping txheej txheem, uas tso cai rau lawv los tswj, tsis muaj sifting los ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus (muaj ob hom impurity uas. tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob hom semiconductors, "N" thiab "P"), lawv cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob thiab conduction ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no.
Koj daim ntawv thov yog dab tsi?
Saib ncig, muaj ntau yam khoom thiab cov khoom siv uas xav tau "kev pabcuam" ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor.
Nws daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov transistors, ib qho khoom me me tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1947 uas coj mus rau "kev hloov hluav taws xob" thiab siv los ua kom nrov lossis pauv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Cov khoom me me no, ua los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim cov chips, microprocessors thiab processors tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas peb nyob nrog txhua hnub.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv semiconductor kuj tseem siv los tsim cov diodes, feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam tsheb yog lub teeb-emitting diodes, dav hu ua LED (lub teeb-emitting diode).