Volvo ili ndi mbiri yakale yolemera kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto. Ndipo sitikunena za gawo la sui generis lomwe limakhudza maziko ake - abwenzi awiri ndi nkhanu (kumbukirani apa). Mwachibadwa timalankhula za kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi zitsanzo zomwe zawonetsa mbiri yake.
Kodi kutsimikiza mtima kwa amuna aŵiri kunatha bwanji kukhala ndi chiyambukiro choterocho m’makampani olamuliridwa ndi maulamuliro amphamvu? Yankho likutsatira m’mizere yotsatirayi.
Tinamaliza gawo loyamba la zaka 90 zapadera za Volvo, tikukamba za ÖV4 - yomwe imatchedwanso "Jakob" - chitsanzo choyamba cha mtundu wa Swedish. Ndipo ndipamene tipitirire. Ulendo wina wopita ku 1927? Tiyeni tichite zomwezo…
Zaka zoyambirira (1927-1930)
Mutu uwu ukhala wautali - zaka zingapo zoyambirira zinali zamphamvu monga momwe zinalili zosangalatsa.
M'chaka choyamba cha ntchito, Volvo adatha kupanga mayunitsi 297 a ÖV4. Kupanga kukanakhala kokwezeka - kunalibe kusowa kwa malamulo. Komabe, kuwongolera bwino kwamtundu wamtunduwu ndikuwunika mosalekeza zamagulu omwe amaperekedwa ndi makampani akunja kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zoletsa pakukulitsa kupanga.
"Tinakhazikitsa Volvo mu 1927 chifukwa timakhulupirira kuti palibe amene amapanga magalimoto odalirika komanso otetezeka mokwanira"
Kwa Assar Gabrielsson chiwopsezo chachikulu pakukulitsa kwa Volvo sichinali kugulitsa - amenewo anali ochepa mwamavuto. Zovuta zazikulu zomwe zidapangidwa kumene ku Sweden zinali kukhazikika kwa kupanga komanso ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pake.
Panthawi yomwe njira zopangira zidali zidakali zachikale kwambiri ndipo lingaliro lantchito yogulitsa pambuyo pake linali lodabwitsa, ndizodabwitsa kuwona kuti Volvo anali ndi nkhawa kale. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi vuto lokhazikika pakupanga.
Pachifukwa ichi, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kukumbukira nkhani yomwe Assar Gabrielsson adavumbulutsa m'buku lake "Mbiri ya zaka 30 za Volvo".
Monga talembera kale m'gawo loyamba lapaderali, Assar Gabrielsson ankadziwa makampani opanga magalimoto kuchokera kwa ogulitsa monga «chikhatho cha manja ake». Gabrielsson ankadziwa kuti maulamuliro akuluakulu a mafakitale amangogwiritsa ntchito zigawo za dziko - inali nkhani ya ndale ndi kunyada kwa dziko.
Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa Chingerezi sungagwiritse ntchito ma carburetor aku France, ngakhale podziwa kuti ma carburetor aku France atha kukhala abwinoko kuposa aku Britain. Zomwezo zinagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa Ajeremani kapena Achimereka - omwe anali ndi zolepheretsa kuitanitsa.
Pa mbali iyi, monga ena ambiri, oyambitsa Volvo anali kwambiri pragmatic. Mulingo wosankha ogulitsa mtunduwu sunali dziko. Mulingo wake unali wosavuta komanso wothandiza: Volvo idangogula zida zake kuchokera kwa ogulitsa abwino kwambiri. Lozani. Zidakali choncho lero. Sakhulupirira? Yesani kuyendera tsamba ili ndikuwona zomwe muyenera kukwaniritsa. Zizolowezi zakale zimavuta ...
ZOKHUDZANA: Magalimoto a Volvo amasiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe ake pamakampani
Chifukwa cha njira iyi Volvo adapeza mwayi m'njira ziwiri : (1) adawonjezera mpikisano wake ndi ogulitsa ake (kupeza malire a zokambirana); (2) kupeza zigawo zabwino kwambiri zamagalimoto awo.
Mbali yachiwiri: pambuyo-kugulitsa ntchito . Chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zidapangitsa kuti Volvo achite bwino kuyambira zaka zoyambirira chinali kukhudzidwa kwake ndi makasitomala. Gustav Larson, pa chitukuko cha zitsanzo, nthawi zonse ankaganizira za kudalirika kwa zitsanzo ndi liwiro ndi chosavuta kukonza.
Chifukwa cha njira iyi, Volvo adatha kukulitsa kukhutira kwamakasitomala ndikuwongolera mpikisano wake ndi mpikisano.
Mbiri ya Volvo yodalirika komanso kuyankha posakhalitsa idafalikira pamsika. Makampani oyendetsa, akudziwa kuti 'nthawi ndi ndalama', adayamba kufunsa Volvo kuti nawonso apange magalimoto ogulitsa. Volvo adayankha izi ndi "magalimoto" a ÖV4 - omwe anali ataganiziridwa kale kuyambira 1926.
Kodi mumadziwa zimenezo? Mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950, kupanga kwa Volvo kwa magalimoto ndi mabasi kunaposa kupanga magalimoto opepuka.
Pakadali pano, pama board ojambulira a Volvo, gulu loyamba laukadaulo la mtunduwo linali kupanga wolowa m'malo wa ÖV4. Chitsanzo choyamba cha "post-Jakob" chinali Volvo PV4 (1928), yomwe ili pansipa.
Volvo PV4 ndi Mfundo ya Weymann
Chitsanzo chomwe chinasiyana ndi mpikisano chifukwa cha njira zopangira kuchokera ku makampani opanga ndege. Chassis ya PV4 idamangidwa mozungulira Mfundo ya Weymann , njira yomwe inali yogwiritsira ntchito matabwa okhala ndi mapepala ovomerezeka kuti apange mapangidwe a galimotoyo.
Chifukwa cha njira iyi, PV4 inali yopepuka, yachangu komanso yabata kuposa magalimoto ambiri panthawiyo. Chaka chino (1928), Volvo idagulitsa mayunitsi 996 ndikutsegula chiwonetsero choyamba kunja kwa Sweden. Imatchedwa Oy Volvo Auto AB ndipo idakhazikitsidwa ku Helsinki, Finland.
Chaka chotsatira (1929) anafika injini za silinda zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyamba zogwirizana ndi PV 651 ndi zotengera zake, mu chithunzi chotsatira.
Kuwonjezera pa mzere wa injini sikisi yamphamvu, chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za chitsanzo ichi anali magudumu mabuleki anayi - zimango pa PV651 ndi hayidiroliki pa PV652. Kuphatikiza pa tsatanetsatane, a makampani a taxi adayamba kuyang'ana mitundu ya Volvo. Volvo inatseka 1929 ndi magalimoto 1,383 ogulitsidwa - anali chaka choyamba chizindikirocho chinapindula.
Kukwera ndi kutsika koyamba (1930-1940)
Chaka chotsatira, 1930, chinalinso chaka cha kufutukuka. Mtunduwu unayambitsa mtundu wake woyamba wokhala ndi anthu asanu ndi awiri, agogo aamuna a Volvo XC90 apano. Ankatchedwa TR671 (TR anali chidule cha mawuwo tr sporte, ndi 6 zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma silinda ndi 7 kuchuluka kwa mipando) muzochita anali mtundu wautali wa PV651.
Kupanga kukuchulukirachulukira komanso kukwera kwa chiwongola dzanja, Volvo idaganiza zogula makina ake opangira injini, Pentaverken. Kampani yodzipereka yopanga injini pazolinga zapamadzi ndi mafakitale - lero imatchedwa Volvo Penta . Volvo inkafuna Pentaverken 100% yolunjika pa injini zamagalimoto ake.
Panthawiyi Volvo inali kale ndi gawo la 8% pamsika waku Scandinavia ndipo idalemba anthu mazana angapo. Mu 1931 Volvo idagawa zopindula kwa eni ake kwa nthawi yoyamba.
Ndipo polankhula za omwe ali ndi masheya, tiyeni titsegule mapologalamu ena angapo m'nkhaniyi kuti tinene izi: ngakhale kampani ya SKV inali yofunika kwambiri m'zaka zoyambirira za Volvo (ngati simukudziwa zomwe tikukamba, werengani apa) , osunga ndalama ang'onoang'ono anali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pazachuma cha mtunduwo m'zaka zoyambirira.
Ngakhale Volvo yadzutsa chidwi cha zimphona zamakampani, Assar Gabrielsson adawulula m'buku lake kuti oyika ndalama oyamba anali amalonda ang'onoang'ono, anthu wamba.
Mu 1932, chifukwa cha luso la tsogolo la Pentaverken, Volvo adayambitsa mitundu yake yoyamba ya injini ya silinda sikisi. Kusamukako kudakwera mpaka malita 3.3, mphamvu idakwera mpaka 66 hp ndipo kumwa kudachepa ndi 20%. Chinthu chinanso chatsopano chinali kukhazikitsidwa kwa bokosi la gearbox lalikulu. Volvo idafika pachimake cha mayunitsi 10,000!
Mu 1934 kokha, malonda a Volvo pafupifupi anafika mayunitsi 3,000 - mayunitsi 2,934 kukhala olondola - omwe 775 adatumizidwa kunja.
Kuyembekezera izi Mu 1932, Assar Gabrielsson adalemba ganyu wina wodziwika bwino dzina lake Ivan Örnberg kuti apange mtundu watsopano wamitundu ya Volvo.
Kenako the PV36 (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Carioca) ndi PV51 mu 1935 - onani zithunzi. Onse, ndi mapangidwe ouziridwa ndi zitsanzo za ku America, zomwe zimadziwika kuti streamlined. Mapangidwewo anali amakono komanso ukadaulo wogwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Volvo adagwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa paokha.
Chifukwa cha mtengo wosinthidwa ndi mtundu womwe waperekedwa, PV51 idachita bwino pakugulitsa. Mphamvu ya 86 hp "yokha" yolemera makilogalamu 1,500 inapangitsa chitsanzo ichi kukhala sprinter poyerekeza ndi oyambirira ake.
Pazithunzi izi: P36 kumanzere ndi P51 kumanja.
Ichi chinalinso chaka chomwe Volvo adasiyanitsidwa ndi SKF - kampaniyo idafuna kuyang'ana kwambiri "bizinesi yake yayikulu". Ndi chigamulo cha board of director a AB Volvo, mtunduwo udalowa mu Stockholm Stock Exchange kufunafuna osunga ndalama atsopano. Mtengo wa Volvo wawonjezeka.
Mpaka 1939, zonse zidayenda bwino ku Volvo. Zogulitsa zinkawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, ndipo phindu linafanana ndi izi mofanana. Komabe, chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse chinafika posokoneza mapulani a mtunduwo. Panthawiyi, Volvo anali kupanga magalimoto oposa 7,000 pachaka.
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mafuta komanso ntchito zankhondo, mu 1940 malamulo adayamba kuletsa. Volvo idayenera kusintha.
Kupanga magalimoto a anthu wamba kudatsika kwambiri ndipo zidapangitsa kuti asitikali aku Sweden azikhala ndi magalimoto opepuka komanso amalonda. Volvo idayambanso kupanga makina otchedwa ECG zomwe zinasandutsa utsi woyaka nkhuni kukhala mpweya woyendera injini zoyatsira mafuta.
Zithunzi za "ECG" makina
Volvo yamakono
Tinamaliza gawo ili lachiwiri la Zaka Zapadera za 90 za Volvo ndi Ulaya pakati pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, Volvo idapulumuka nthawi yamdima iyi m'mbiri yathu yonse.
Pa mutu wotsatira tiyeni tidziwitse mbiri yakale ya PV444 (chithunzi pansipa), Volvo yoyamba ya pambuyo pa nkhondo. Chitsanzo chapamwamba kwambiri cha nthawi yake ndipo mwinamwake chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya mtunduwu. Nkhaniyi ikupitilira - kumapeto kwa sabata ino! - pano pa Ledger Automobile. Dzimvetserani.
Mu chithunzi pansipa - chithunzi cha Volvo PV 444 LS, USA.
