Achingelezi amati amayendetsa kumanja kwa msewu, kumanzere; ifenso, kumanja. Ndi iko komwe, pa mkangano uwu, ndani amatsogolera kumanja? Ndani ali wolondola? Kodi chidzakhala Chingerezi kapena dziko lonse lapansi?
Chifukwa chiyani kuyendetsa kumanzere?
THE kumanzere kumayenda unayamba kalekale, pamene okwera pamahatchi anali kumanzere kusiya dzanja lamanja lomasuka kugwira lupanga. Komabe, koposa lamulo, unali mwambo. Pofuna kuthetsa kukayikirako, mu 1300 Papa Boniface VIII anatsimikiza kuti oyendayenda onse opita ku Roma ayenera kukhala kumanzere kwa msewu, kuti athe kulinganiza kayendetsedwe kake. Dongosololi linakhalapo mpaka m’zaka za m’ma 1800, pamene Napoliyoni anasintha chilichonse—ndipo poti tili m’mbiri yakale, zikomo General Wellington potiteteza kunkhondo za Napoliyoni.Malirime oyipa amati Napoliyoni adapanga chisankhochi chifukwa akuti anali wamanzere, komabe, lingaliro loti athandizire kuzindikira magulu ankhondo a adani ndilokhazikika. Madera olamulidwa ndi Mfumu ya France adatsata njira yatsopano yamagalimoto, pomwe Ufumu wa Britain udakhalabe wokhulupirika ku dongosolo lakale. . Chinali chimene chinali chofunika kwambiri, Achingelezi akukopera Chifalansa. Ayi! Nkhani ya ulemu.
Madalaivala a Medieval Formula 1, omwe ali ngati kunena kuti “oyendetsa magaleta”, ankagwiritsanso ntchito chikwapu ndi dzanja lamanja kuti akweze akavalo awo, kwinaku akugwira zingwe ndi dzanja lamanzere motero amazungulira kumanzere kuti asavulale odutsa. Nkhani zambiri zomwe timapeza zikubwerezedwa apa ndi apo. Chifukwa chake musakhale ndi lingaliro latsoka lofunsa Mngelezi chifukwa chomwe amayendetsa kumanzere! Mumakhala pachiwopsezo choti atseke m'makutu anu ndi mikangano "yotopetsa".
Mayiko omwe amazungulira kumanzere
Chabwino ... tiyeni tisamenyenso UK. Palinso "olakwa" ena. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakali pano imazungulira kumanzere mu 34% ya mayiko padziko lapansi . Ku Ulaya tili ndi anayi: Cyprus, Ireland, Malta ndi United Kingdom. Kunja kwa Europe, "Otsalira" nthawi zambiri amakhala maiko aku Britain omwe tsopano ali mbali ya Commonwealth, ngakhale pali zosiyana. Tidapita ku "Discoveries" kuti tikuwonetseni mndandanda wapadziko lonse lapansi:
Australia, Antigua ndi Barbuda, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Botswana, Brunei, Bhutan, Dominica, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Jamaica, Japan, Macau, Malaysia, Malawi, Maldives, Mauritius , Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, New Zealand, Kenya, Kiribati, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, South Africa, Suriname, Thailand , Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
M’zaka za m’ma 1900, mayiko ambiri amene ankazungulira kumanzere anayamba kuyendetsa galimoto kumanja . Koma panalinso omwe anasankha njira ina: inali kupita kumanja ndipo tsopano ikupita kumanzere. Izi ndizochitika ku Namibia. Kuonjezera apo, palinso mayiko omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe, monga ku Spain, komwe kunali ndi magawano ovomerezeka, mpaka kayendetsedwe ka mapiko amanja adayikidwa motsimikizika.
Bwanji ngati, mwadzidzidzi, aganiza zosintha lamulo la kufalitsa lokhazikitsidwa m'dziko?
Pakati pa kusambitsidwa kwa Mbiri yakale ndi Geography yolembedwa pamanja, pali chithunzi chomwe chili ndi mawu chikwi chimodzi chomwe chinatsalira kwa mbadwa. Mu 1967, nyumba yamalamulo ku Sweden idayambitsa kusintha komwe kumayendera kumanja, osaganizira mavoti otchuka (82% adavotera). Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chisokonezo chomwe chapangidwa ku Kungsgatan, umodzi mwamisewu yayikulu pakati pa Stockholm. M’menemo mumatha kuona magalimoto ambirimbiri atasanjidwa ngati kuti ndi tambala wosewera ndi ma giloni ambirimbiri akuzungulira pakati, m’chipwirikiti chotere moti n’zomvetsa chisoni.
Chaka chotsatira, Iceland inatsatira mapazi a Sweden ndipo anatenga sitepe yomweyo. Masiku ano, monga zosatheka kuti tiyendetsenso kumanzere, ndizokhumudwitsanso kuti UK kuganiza zosiya miyambo ya makolo awo.
Ndipo inu, mungatani ngati tsiku lina mutadzuka ndikukakamizika kuyendetsa galimoto kumanzere ku Portugal?