Sizitenga nthawi yayitali kuyang'ana msika pazaka khumi zapitazi kuti muwone kuti SUV/Crossovers ikukhala "mphamvu yayikulu" pamsika wamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupambana sikwatsopano ndipo kwamangidwa kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka zana, koma ndi zaka khumi zapitazi pomwe SUV/Crossover craze idakwera.
Ndipo palibe mtundu womwe ukuwoneka kuti ulibe chitetezo - payenerabe kukhala anthu omwe sanazindikire kuti Porsche idakhazikitsa Cayenne koyambirira kwa zaka zana lino, ngakhale ili m'badwo wachitatu. Komabe, kudzakhala kubadwa kwa Nissan Qashqai (2006) ndi Juke (2010) komwe kungalimbikitse typology iyi.
Tsopano, ngakhale magawo B ndi C "asefukira" ndi SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) ndi Crossover, zomwe zimawoneka ngati mafashoni zikuwonetseredwa ngati "zatsopano" pamsika wamagalimoto, makamaka tikawona zomwe zikuwoneka ngati tsogolo la mafakitale - magetsi - akumangidwa, koposa zonse, mu thupi ili.
Nambala zina za domain
Pambuyo pa zaka khumi ndikuwona kufunika kwa SUV / Crossover pamsika kukula, chiyambi cha 2021 chinatsimikizira kulemera kwa malingaliro awa pamsika wa ku Ulaya, ndi SUV / Crossover yomwe ikuyimira 44% ya olembetsa mu January, monga momwe deta ya JET Dynamics ikuwonetsera. .
Ziwerengerozi zimangotsimikizira zomwe zakhala zikuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi JATO Dynamics, mu 2014, padziko lonse lapansi, ma SUV anali ndi gawo la msika la 22.4%. Chabwino, m'zaka zinayi zokha chiwerengerochi chinakwera kufika pa 36.4%, ndipo ... chikupitirira kukwera.
Komabe, monganso china chilichonse, pazochitika zilizonse zimachitika ndipo kukula kwa SUV/Crossover kukuchitika chifukwa cha mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ya thupi (ndi kupitirira apo), ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha. palimodzi.
"Ozunzidwa" a kupambana kwa SUV / Crossover
Palibe malo kwa aliyense pamsika ndipo kuti ena apambane ena adzalephera. Izi ndi zomwe zidachitika ndi mawonekedwe omwe adatchedwanso "galimoto yamtsogolo", MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle), kapena momwe timawadziwira pano, ma minivan.
Nawonso anafika, anaona ndi kugonjetsa, makamaka m’zaka za m’ma 1990 ndi m’zaka zoyambirira za zana lino. Koma sikunali kofunikira kudikirira kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zapitazi kuti muwone ma MPV akuchepetsedwa kukhala malingaliro ochepa mu "kontinenti yakale", atasowa mochuluka kuchokera kumagulu osiyanasiyana amsika omwe adakhala.
Koma onyamula anthu sanali okhawo amene anakana kupambana kwa SUV/Crossover. M'ma SUV ake a "vortex" analinso gawo lofunikira pakutsika kwakukulu kwa ma sedan (magawo atatu), omwe kugulitsa kwawo kumakhala kogwirizana chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri (makamaka ya generalist) igonje pa iwo.
Ma coupés (enieni) kapena matupi a zitseko zitatu okhala ndi mikombero yamasewera adawonanso kuti malo awo akutengedwa ndi ma stylistic hybrids omwe ndi "SUV-Coupé" ndi European bastion omwe anali (ndipo akadali) ma vani, ambiri ochulukirapo. opambana kuposa ma hatchbacks / sedans omwe adachokera, adavutikanso.
Ngakhale titha kuwaona ngati otsogola a lingaliro la SUV mumitundu yawo "ya mathalauza okulungidwa", posachedwapa ma vani amanyalanyazidwa ndi omwe akufunafuna malingaliro okhudza banja. Ndipo tsopano, ngakhale ma brand omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cholimba mumtundu uwu wa thupi, monga Volvo, "akuwatembenukira" - mitundu itatu yogulitsidwa kwambiri ya mtundu wa Swedish lero ndi ma SUV ake.
Pomaliza, masiku ano zikuwoneka kuti ndi hatchback wamba (zolimbitsa thupi ziwiri), zomwe zidakhala zazikulu komanso zosafikirika, kukhala pachiwopsezo, makamaka m'magawo amsika amsika, pomwe pamtundu uliwonse wagawo la B ndi C ndizotheka kale. kutchula njira imodzi kapena ziwiri mu "mtundu wamafashoni".
Nthawi zina, ndi SUV / Crossover yomwe imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa malonda poyerekezera ndi galimoto "yachizolowezi" yomwe imachokera.
B-SUV, injini ya kukula
Ndi ndendende mu gawo la B, ku Europe, kuti "tikhoza kuwonetsa" gawo lalikulu la udindo wakukula kwa gawo la msika wa SUV / Crossover. Ngati zaka khumi zapitazo B-SUVs pa msika anawerengedwa pafupifupi pa zala za dzanja limodzi, lero pali maganizo oposa awiri.
"Choyambitsa" chinali kupambana kosayembekezereka kwa Nissan Juke ndipo, patapita zaka zingapo, "msuweni" wake wa ku France, Renault Captur. Yoyamba, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010, idapanga kagawo kakang'ono komwe mitundu yonse idafuna kapena iyenera kutsatira pambuyo powona kupambana kwake kwakukulu; pomwe wachiwiri, yemwe adabadwa mu 2013 ndikuwoneka bwino kwambiri, adanyamuka kupita ku utsogoleri mu gawoli ndipo adawonetsa kuti tsogolo la gawo la B lidagona mu B-SUVs.
Mu gawo lomwe lili pamwambapa, a Qashqai anali atayala kale maziko a kukwera kwa SUV / Crossover ndipo, zoona, m'zaka khumi zotsatira adapitiriza "kukhazikitsa lamulo", pafupifupi popanda kutsutsa. Tikuyenera kudikirira pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zomwe zidatha kuti tiwone ma SUV / Crossovers ena mugawo akumenya nkhondo yawo yamalonda, yomwe idabwera ngati Volkswagen Tiguan, "wathu" T-Roc komanso m'badwo wachiwiri wa Peugeot. 3008.
M'magawo apamwamba, panali mitundu ingapo yomwe "adapereka" mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri ku Europe ku SUV, monga South Korea Kia ndi Hyundai ndi Sorento ndi Santa Fe, kapena Volkswagen ndi Touareg, yomwe idapambana. kumene Phaeton wamwambo analephera.
Zifukwa zopambana
Ngakhale pali ambiri petrolhead ndi mawilo anayi okonda amene si SUV/Crossover mafani, choonadi iwo anagonjetsa msika. Ndipo pali mikangano yambiri yomwe imathandizira kuzindikira kupambana kwake, kuyambira pazomveka mpaka zamaganizo.
Choyamba, tingayambe ndi maonekedwe ake. Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto omwe amachokera, pali kusiyana koonekeratu momwe timawaonera. Kaya chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mawilo akuluakulu, kapena "zishango" za pulasitiki zomwe zimatsagana nazo ngati zida, zimawoneka zolimba komanso zokhoza kutiteteza bwino - "zikuwoneka ngati" ndilo mawu ofunika kwambiri ...
Timagwirizanitsanso SUV/Crossover ndi malingaliro ena ozemba kapena kuthawa, ngakhale ambiri samachoka ku "nkhalango" yakutawuni. Ambiri aife tingagwirizane ndi maganizo amenewa, ngakhale ngati sitiwachitapo kanthu.
Chachiwiri, kukhala wamtali (chilolezo chachikulu cha pansi ndi thupi lalitali) kumapereka malo apamwamba, omwe ambiri amawaona kuti ndi otetezeka. Malo apamwamba oyendetsa galimoto amalolanso kuwona bwino msewu, kumapangitsa kuti muzitha kuwona mosavuta patali.
Kachitatu, ndipo monga tidanenera m'nkhani yomwe tidasindikiza zaka zingapo zapitazo, pali vuto lofunika kwambiri la thupi lomwe limapangitsa kuti SUV/Crossover apambane: ndikosavuta kulowa ndi kutuluka mgalimoto . Ngakhale kuti si zoona kwa onsewa, madalaivala ambiri amayamikira mfundo yakuti safunika “kupindika” kwambiri kapena “kukoka” ndi minofu ya m’miyendo yawo kuti atuluke m’galimoto yawo. Mawuwa akuwoneka ngati ... "kutsetsereka ndi kutuluka" popanda kutsitsa ulemu wa munthu, monga zimachitikira m'magalimoto otsika.
Zikumveka ngati chithumwa, koma sichoncho. Anthu akumayiko akumadzulo akukalamba ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti pali anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu pakuyenda ndi kuyenda. Galimoto yayitali yokhala ndi malo okwera imatha kuthandiza kwambiri, ngakhale kuchulukitsidwa kwa malo a SUV kumathanso kuyambitsa zovuta - vuto lomwe ma MPV analibe…
Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chambiri, ndikosavuta kulowa mu Nissan Qashqai kuposa Alpine A110. Ngakhale tikayerekeza ndi magalimoto ofanana, ndikosavuta kulowa ndi kutuluka mu Captur kuposa Clio, kapena T-Roc kuposa Gofu.
Koma pali zinanso. Ma B-SUV, mwachitsanzo, tsopano ali ndi magawo a nyumba omwe amatsutsana ndi achibale aang'ono omwe ali mu gawo la C. -SUV okwera mtengo kuposa zitsanzo zomwe amachokera.
Pomaliza, phindu. Kuchokera kumbali yamakampani (mwa iwo omwe amawapanga) ma SUV / Crossovers nawonso adamaliza kuyamikiridwa kwambiri, chifukwa amatsimikizira phindu lapamwamba. Ngati pamzere wopangira amawononga ndalama zochulukirapo kapena zochulukirapo kuposa magalimoto omwe amachokerako, mtengo wamakasitomala uli, komabe, wokwera kwambiri - koma makasitomala ali okonzeka kupereka mtengowo - kutsimikizira phindu lapamwamba pagawo lililonse logulitsidwa.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi komanso iyi yomwe ikuyamba, SUV/Crossover ikuwoneka ndi akatswiri ambiri ngati baluni ya okosijeni pamakampani amagalimoto. Mtengo wake wapamwamba komanso kupindula kwakukulu kunalola opanga kuti azitha kuyang'ana bwino ndikutengera mtengo womwe ukukula wa chitukuko ndi kupanga (zaukadaulo ndi zotsutsana ndi mpweya zomwe zili m'magalimoto zikupitilira kukula), komanso kuyang'anizana ndi ndalama zazikulu zomwe zimafunikira kuti asinthe magetsi ndi digito. kuyenda.
"Zowawa" za kukula
Komabe, sizinthu zonse "ndi maluwa". Kupambana kwa SUV/Crossover kwakhalanso ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka mzaka khumi zapitazi pomwe zanenedwa zambiri zochepetsa mpweya wa CO2. Iwo salidi galimoto yoyenera kukwaniritsa cholinga chimenechi.
Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto ochiritsira omwe amachokerako, ali ndi malo akuluakulu akutsogolo ndi aerodynamic drag coefficient, ndipo ndi olemera kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amagwiritsira ntchito mafuta ndipo, chifukwa chake, mpweya wa CO2 nthawi zonse umakhala wapamwamba.
Mu 2019, JATO Dynamics inachenjeza kuti kupambana kwa ma SUV (omwe nthawiyo anali pafupifupi 38% yamagalimoto olembetsedwa ku Europe) ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikupangitsa kuti chiwonjezeko chapakati pazambiri zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira ku European Union.
Komabe, "kuphulika" kwa ma plug-in ndi ma hybrids amagetsi, ambiri mwa mawonekedwe a SUV/Crossover, adathandizira kuthetsa vutoli - mu 2020, mpweya wa CO2 unatsika pafupifupi 12% poyerekeza ndi 2019, kutsika kwakukulu, koma ngakhale zinali choncho. , anali pamwamba pa chindapusa cha 95 g/km.
Mosasamala kanthu za chithandizo cha magetsi, ndizotsimikizika kuti typology iyi nthawi zonse idzakhala yocheperapo kusiyana ndi zina zachikhalidwe, kumene magalimoto amakhala otsika komanso oyandikira pansi. Ngakhale m'tsogolomu zamagetsi zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira ndikuganizira mabatire amasiku ano (ndi zaka zikubwerazi), ndikofunikira kuti tipeze njira zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe timagula, kuti "tifinyize" ma kilomita owonjezera. wa mtengo umodzi.
Tsogolo
Ngati Wapaderawa "Zabwino kwambiri pazaka khumi za 2011-2020" ndi mwayi woyimitsa ndikulingalira zomwe zachitika mumakampani opanga magalimoto mzaka 10 zapitazi, sitingathe kukana, pankhaniyi, kuti tiwone zomwe zaka khumi zatsopanozi zilili. kusungirako tsogolo la SUV/Crossover.
Pali opanga angapo, kudzera m'mawu a oyang'anira awo akuluakulu ndi opanga, omwe akulankhula kale m'dziko la post-SUV. Zimatanthauza chiyani? Tidzadikirira nthawi yochulukirapo kuti tipeze mayankho a konkire, koma zizindikiro zoyamba zikuwonetsa kuchoka ku njira yachikhalidwe ya SUV, kupita ku njira yopepuka, yowonekerabe kuti Crossover, mtundu wamtundu wosakanizidwa wamagalimoto: crossover saloon.
Kuchokera ku Citroën C5 X yatsopano mpaka Ford Evos, kudzera mu Polestar 2, Hyundai Ioniq 5 ndi Kia EV6 kapena ngakhale tsogolo la Mégane E-Tech Electric, ndizotheka kuwoneratu kutha kwa saloon yachikhalidwe ndi van, yokhala ndi mtundu wa kuphatikizika kuwonekera m'malo ake amitundu yosiyanasiyana mugalimoto imodzi, zovuta kuziyika.