Panthawi yomwe pafupifupi makampani onse akuwoneka kuti atsimikiza kuyika injini yoyatsira mkati m'mabuku a mbiri yakale, Mazda amapita… motsutsana ndi njere! Mwachimwemwe.
Aka sikanali koyamba kuti Mazda achite izi, ndipo nthawi yomaliza inali yolondola. Kodi zomwezo zidzachitikanso? Anthu a ku Japan amakhulupirira choncho.
Lingaliro loti apitilize kubetcha pamainjini oyatsa adalengezedwa chaka chatha, kudzera mum'badwo watsopano wa injini za SKYACTIV-X. Ndipo tinali ndi mwayi wopeza injini yatsopanoyi ya SKYACTIV-X, yamoyo komanso yamitundu, isanabwere pamsika mu 2019.
Ndichifukwa chake mumayendera Reason Automotive tsiku lililonse, sichoncho?
Konzekerani! Nkhaniyi idzakhala yayitali komanso yaukadaulo. Mukafika kumapeto mudzakhala ndi chipukuta misozi…
Injini yoyaka? Ndipo zamagetsi?
Tsogolo ndi lamagetsi, ndipo akuluakulu a Mazda amavomerezanso mawuwo. Koma sagwirizana pa zolosera zomwe zimapatsa injini yoyaka ngati "yakufa"… dzulo!
Mawu ofunika apa ndi "tsogolo". Mpaka 100% galimoto yamagetsi ndi "yachibadwa" yatsopano, kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka magetsi padziko lonse kudzatenga zaka zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga magetsi kuchokera kumagwero ongowonjezedwanso kuyeneranso kukula, kotero kuti lonjezo la kutulutsa ziro kuchokera kumagalimoto amagetsi sibodza.
Pakalipano, zidzakhala mpaka injini ya "yakale" yoyaka mkati kuti ikhale imodzi mwazoyendetsa zochepetsera mpweya wa CO2 mu nthawi yaifupi komanso yapakati - idzapitirizabe kukhala injini yamtundu wambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake tiyenera kupitiriza kuwongolera. Mazda yakhala ndi cholinga chofuna kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku injini yoyaka moto pofuna kuchepetsa mpweya woipa.
"Kudzipereka ku mfundo yothetsera vuto pa nthawi yoyenera", monga momwe Mazda akunenera, amayendetsa chizindikirocho nthawi zonse kufunafuna yankho labwino kwambiri - osati lomwe limawoneka bwino pamapepala, koma lomwe limagwira ntchito mu dziko lenileni. . Munkhaniyi ndipamene SKYACTIV-X imawonekera, injini yake yoyaka moto yosinthika komanso yosinthira mkati.
Chifukwa chiyani osintha?
Chifukwa chakuti SKYACTIV-X ndi injini yoyamba ya petulo yomwe imatha kuyatsa - monga ma injini a Dizilo…
Kuyatsa koponderezana - ndiko kuti, kusakaniza kwa mpweya / mafuta kumatanthauza nthawi yomweyo, popanda pulagi, ikakanizidwa ndi pisitoni - mu injini zamafuta ndi imodzi mwa "zoyera" zotsatiridwa ndi mainjiniya. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuyatsa kwa compression ndikofunikira kwambiri: imathamanga kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo imawotcha mafuta onse m'chipinda choyaka moto, zomwe zimakulolani kuti mugwire ntchito zambiri ndi mphamvu yofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta.
Kuyaka kofulumira kumathandizanso kuti mpweya/mafuta azisakanizana pang'ono m'chipinda choyaka, ndiko kuti, mpweya wochuluka kwambiri kuposa wa mafuta. Ubwino wake ndi wosavuta kumvetsetsa: kuyaka kumachitika pakutentha kocheperako, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti NOx (nitrogen oxides) ikhale yochepa, ndipo pamakhala mphamvu yocheperako pakutentha kwa injini.
Mavuto
Koma kuponderezana kuyatsa mu petulo sikophweka - osati kuti sikunayesedwe ndi omanga ena m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, koma palibe amene adapeza njira yotheka yomwe ingagulitsidwe.Homogeneous Compression Ignition Charging (HCCI), lingaliro loyambilira la kuyatsa kokakamiza, mpaka pano lakwaniritsidwa pama liwiro otsika a injini komanso pa katundu wochepa kotero, pazifukwa zomveka, kuyatsa kwa spark (spark plug) kukadali kofunikira. . Vuto lina lalikulu ndi control pamene kuponderezana kuyatsa kumachitika.
Vuto ndiloti, kuti athe kusintha pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya kuyatsa molingana, zomwe zinakakamiza Mazda kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimalola mafuta a petulo ndi zowonda zosakaniza kuyatsa.
Yankho
Mphindi ya “eureka”—kapena ndi nthaŵi imene panangolira? ba dum tss… - zomwe zidapangitsa kuti athetse mavutowa, zidachitika pomwe mainjiniya a Mazda adatsutsa lingaliro lodziwika bwino loti kuyaka ndi kukanikizana sikufuna ma spark plugs: "ngati kusintha pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuyaka kumakhala kovuta, choyamba, kodi tikufunikadi kusintha? Apa pali maziko a kachitidwe ka SPCCI - Spark-Controlled Compression Ignition.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngakhale kuyaka ndi kupanikizana, Mazda amagwiritsa ntchito spark plugs, kulola kusintha kosalala pakati pa kuyaka ndi kupsinjika ndi kuyaka. Koma ngati mugwiritsa ntchito spark plug ingatchulidwebe kuti compression combustion?
Kumene! Izi ndichifukwa choti spark plug imagwira ntchito, koposa zonse, ngati njira yowongolera pomwe kuyaka ndi kuponderezana kumachitika. Mwanjira ina, kukongola kwa SPCCI ndikuti imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyatsira injini ya dizilo yokhala ndi nthawi ya injini yamafuta yokhala ndi spark plug. Kodi tingawombe m’manja? Tikhoza!
Cholinga
injini linapangidwa m'njira kuti kulenga zinthu zofunika kutentha ndi kuthamanga mu kuyaka chipinda, mpaka pamene mpweya / mafuta osakaniza - Taphunzira kwambiri, 37:1, pafupifupi 2.5 nthawi kuposa mu injini ochiritsira mafuta. - khalani pafupi ndi kuyatsa pakatikati pakufa. Koma ndi spark plug yomwe imayamba ntchitoyo.
Izi zikutanthawuza kaphatikizidwe kakang'ono ka mpweya/mafuta (29:1), komwe kamabaya pambuyo pake, komwe kumayambitsa moto. Izi zimawonjezeranso kupanikizika ndi kutentha mu chipinda choyaka moto, kotero kuti kusakaniza kowonda, komwe kuli pafupi ndi komwe kuli kokonzeka kuphulika, sikutsutsa ndikuyaka pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo.
Kuwongolera uku kumandichititsa manyazi. Mazda imatha kuchita izi mopitilira 5000 rpm ndipo sindingathe kuyatsa nyama yonyamulira poyamba…
Yankho lomwe tsopano likuwoneka lodziwikiratu, koma limafunikira "zanzeru" zatsopano:
- mafuta ayenera kubayidwa nthawi ziwiri zosiyana, imodzi yosakaniza yowonda yomwe idzapanikizidwe ndi ina yosakaniza yolemera pang'ono yomwe idzayatsidwa ndi spark plug.
- dongosolo la jekeseni wamafuta liyenera kukhala ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri, kulola vaporization mwachangu ndi atomization yamafuta, kuwabalalitsa nthawi yomweyo mu silinda, kuchepetsa nthawi yoponderezedwa.
- masilindala onse ali ndi sensor yokakamiza, yomwe imayang'anira nthawi zonse maulamuliro omwe tawatchulawa, kubweza, munthawi yeniyeni, pakupatuka kulikonse pazotsatira zomwe zafunidwa.
- kugwiritsa ntchito kompresa - ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti compression ikhale yokwera, monga SKYACTIV-X imagwiritsa ntchito mizere ya Miller, yomwe imachepetsa kukanikiza, kulola kusakanikirana komwe kumafunikira. Mphamvu yowonjezera ndi torque ndizotsatira zolandirika.
Gawo lakumbuyo
Ubwino
Dongosolo la SPCCI limalola kufalikira kwa kuyaka mwa kukanikiza pamaulamuliro ambiri, motero, kuchita bwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi SKYACTIV-G yamakono, mtundu imalonjeza kutsika kwapakati pa 20 mpaka 30% kutengera kugwiritsidwa ntchito . Mtunduwu umati SKYACTIV-X imatha kufananiza ngakhale kupitilira kuchuluka kwamafuta a injini yake ya dizilo ya SKYACTIV-D.
Compressor imalola kukakamiza kwambiri kudya, kuonetsetsa kuti injini ikuyenda bwino komanso kuyankha. Kuchita bwino kwambiri pamawonekedwe okulirapo kumakupatsaninso mwayi wothamanga pama revs apamwamba, pomwe pali mphamvu zambiri komanso kuyankha kwa injini kumakhala kopambana.
Ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi ndi yovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito kandulo nthawi zonse, mochititsa chidwi, kumalola kuti pakhale mawonekedwe osavuta - palibe kugawa kosinthika kapena kusinthasintha kwapakati ndikofunikira - komanso bwino, injini iyi imayendera 95 mafuta , popeza octane wocheperako ndi wabwino poyatsira kuponderezana.
Pomaliza, kumbuyo kwa gudumu
Mawuwo ndi aatali kwambiri, koma ndi ofunikira. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake "buzz" yonse yozungulira injini iyi - ndikupita patsogolo kodabwitsa pankhani ya injini zoyaka. Tidzadikirira mpaka chaka cha 2019 kuti titsimikizire zonena za Mazda za izi, koma poganizira zomwe zidalonjezedwa ndikuwonetseredwa ndi SKYACTIV-G, ziyembekezo ndizambiri kuti SKYACTIV-X ikwaniritse zonse zomwe yalonjeza.
Mwamwayi, tinali ndi mwayi kale mayeso oyambirira. Kulumikizana kwamphamvu ndi ma prototypes okhala ndi SKYACTIV-X, obisika pansi pa ma bodywork odziwika a Mazda3, adawoneratu, ngakhale kuti analibe kanthu kochita ndi Mazda3 omwe amadziwika bwino - komanso zomangamanga pansi pa bodywork tsopano ndi m'badwo wachiwiri.
SKYACTIV imafanananso ndi njira zatsopano zamapulatifomu / kapangidwe kake / thupi. M'badwo watsopanowu umalonjeza kukhazikika kokulirapo, kutsika kwaphokoso, kugwedezeka ndi nkhanza (NVH - phokoso, kugwedezeka ndi nkhanza) komanso ngakhale mipando yatsopano idapangidwa, ndikulonjeza mawonekedwe achilengedwe, omwe angalole chitonthozo chachikulu.
Tidayendetsa mitundu iwiri ya ma prototypes - imodzi ndi gearbox yamanja ndi ina yokhala ndi gearbox yodziwikiratu, zonse zothamanga zisanu ndi imodzi - ndipo tidatha kufananiza kusiyana ndi 165hp Mazda3 2.0 yomwe ili ndi gearbox yamanja, kuti tizindikire bwino kusiyana. Mwamwayi inali galimoto yoyamba yomwe ndinayendetsa, yomwe inandilola kuyang'ana injini yabwino / bokosi (pamanja).
Kusiyana pakati pa SKYACTIV-X (injini yamtsogolo) ndi SKYACTIV-G (injini yamakono) sikunadziwike bwino. Injini yatsopano ya Mazda ndi yamphamvu kwambiri posatengera mtundu wa rev - torque yowonjezera yomwe ilipo ndiyodziwikiratu. Monga "G", "X" ndi unit 2.0 lita, koma ndi manambala juicier. Mazda ikufuna mphamvu yozungulira 190 hp - zomwe zikuwonekera, komanso, panjira.
Zimadabwa ndi kuyankha kwake, kuchokera ku maulamuliro otsika kwambiri, koma kuyamikira kwabwino kwambiri komwe mungathe kulipira kwa injini, ndikuti ngakhale kukhala gawo lachitukuko, kumatsimikizira kale kuposa injini zambiri pamsika.
Mantha kuti, monga pali kuponderezedwa poyatsira ngati Dizilo, zingabweretse zina mwamakhalidwe a injini yamtunduwu, monga inertia yayikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa, kapena ngakhale kumveka, zinali zopanda maziko. Ngati ili ndi tsogolo la injini zoyaka moto, bwerani!
Mkati mwa prototype - momveka bwino mkati mwa galimoto yomwe ikukula - idabwera ndi chinsalu chomwe chili pamwamba pa malo ozungulira omwe ali ndi mabwalo atatu. Izi zinazima kapena kupitirira, kutengera mtundu wa kuyatsa kapena kusakaniza komwe kunachitika:
- 1 - kuyatsa moto
- 2 - psinjika poyatsira
- 3 - kusakaniza kwa mpweya/mafuta komwe kumatheka kwambiri
Ma injini "aang'ono" aku Portugal?
Misonkho ya Aberrant ya Chipwitikizi ipangitsa injini iyi kukhala chisankho chocheperako. Kuchuluka kwa 2.0 lita ndikwabwino pazifukwa zingapo, osati chifukwa ndikovomerezeka bwino m'misika yambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri opanga SKYACTIV-X adanena kuti pali zina zomwe zingatheke, koma pakadali pano siziri mu ndondomeko ya kupanga injini zokhala ndi mphamvu zosachepera 2.0 malita.
Kusiyanasiyana komwe kuyatsa kunachitika - kungosintha pang'onopang'ono, poyang'ana kuthamanga kwa injini kapena titawotcha - zinali zochititsa chidwi.
Ponena za mode 3, zimafunikira kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri, makamaka ndi gearbox yamanja, pomwe zidakhala zovuta - kapena kusowa kwa chidwi paphazi lakumanja - kuti ziwonekere pazenera. Makina owerengera okha - owonjezera msika waku North America -, ngakhale anali osasangalatsa kugwiritsa ntchito, adakhala osavuta "kuwala" nambala yozungulira 3.
Zogwiritsira ntchito? Sitikudziwa!
Ndidafunsa, koma palibe amene adapeza manambala a konkriti. Makompyuta omwe ali pa bolodi anali "mwanzeru" ophimbidwa ndi tepi yomatira, kotero pakadali pano titha kudalira mawu amtunduwo.Cholemba chomaliza cha ma prototypes omwe anali kale gawo lazomangamanga zatsopano - zokhazikika komanso zololeza kukonzanso kwamkati. Ndikofunikira kuti musaiwale kuti awa anali ma prototypes achitukuko, kotero zinali zodabwitsa kuti izi zinali zoyengedwa komanso zosamveka bwino kuposa zomwe Mazda3 akupanga - m'badwo wotsatira umalonjeza…
Mazda 3 yatsopano kukhala SKYACTIV-X yoyamba
Ambiri mwina, Mazda3 adzakhala chitsanzo choyamba kulandira nzeru SKYACTIV-X, kotero mpaka nthawi mu 2019 kuti ife athedi kuona phindu la injini.
Ponena za kapangidwe kake, Kevin Rice, wamkulu wa Mazda's European Design Center, adatiuza kuti mawonekedwe onse a Kai Concept ndi opangidwa, kutanthauza kuti sikutali kwambiri ndi mtundu womaliza wa Mazda3 amtsogolo - iwalani kuti ndi mawilo akulu, mini- magalasi owonera kumbuyo kapena zowonera ...
85-90% yamayankho a Kai Concept amatha kupanga.
Mwafika kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi… potsiriza!
Lonjezo liyenera, Rui Veloso adanena kale. Kotero apa pali mtundu wa malipiro. Epic kamehameha yokumbukira zomwe zidachitika mkati mwa zipinda zoyaka za injini ya SKYACTIV-X.