Porsche ikuyang'ana ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D ndipo tsopano, kwa nthawi yoyamba, ikugwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zosunthika kwambiri monga ma pistoni. Akadali fanizo, koma zotsatira zoyamba za mayeso pa pistoni zosindikizidwa zikulonjeza.
Zotsatira za mgwirizano wachitukuko pakati pa Porsche, Mahle ndi Trumpf (omwe amapanga njira zopangira ndi kusindikiza), kuti ayese lusoli, wopanga ku Germany anasonkhanitsa ma pistoni awa mu lathyathyathya-sikisi ya "chilombo" 911 GT2 RS.
Mwinamwake mukufunsa, chifukwa chiyani kusindikiza pistoni?
Ma pistoni opangidwa mu injini ya 911 GT2 RS amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangira womwe umaphatikiza kupepuka, mphamvu ndi kulimba. Zomwe zimafunikira kuti zipirire zovuta zomwe zidalonjezedwa kuchita bwino kwambiri.
Komabe, n’zotheka kupita patsogolo. Kusindikiza kwa 3D kapena kupanga zowonjezera (ndi zigawo) kumakupatsani mwayi wokonza mapangidwe a pistoni, makamaka pamapangidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokha komanso pomwe mphamvu zimagwirira ntchito pa pistoni. Kukhathamiritsa kosatheka kupeza ndi njira zopangira zachikhalidwe, zotheka chifukwa kusindikiza kwa 3D "kumapanga" chinthu chosanjikiza pambuyo pa wosanjikiza, kupangitsa kuti zitheke kufufuza mitundu yatsopano.
Lembetsani ku kalata yathu yamakalata
Kukhathamiritsa kwapangidwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe achilengedwe kuposa mawonekedwe a geometric omwe amawoneka kuti amachokera mwachindunji ku chilengedwe, chifukwa chake kutchulidwa kwa kapangidwe ka bionic.
Pamapeto pake, tili ndi gawo lofunikira pamapangidwe - Porsche akuti ma pistoni ake osindikizidwa ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuposa opangidwa - koma zinthu zochepa zomwe zimafunikira kuti izi zitheke kumabweretsa gawo lopepuka.
Kuyerekeza pisitoni yonyengedwa (kumanzere) ndi pistoni yosindikizidwa (kumanja).
10% yopepuka, yochulukirapo 300 rpm, yochulukirapo 30 hp
Pankhani ya ma pistoni osindikizidwa a Porsche, ukadaulo uwu walola kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwawo ndi 10% poyerekeza ndi ma pistoni abodza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 911 GT2 RS, koma malinga ndi a Frank Ickinger wa dipatimenti yachitukuko ya Porsche "zoyerekeza zathu zikuwonetsa kuti pali kuthekera kochepetsa kulemera kwa 20% ".
M'galimoto, kulemera, kapena kulemera, ndi mdani-chimodzimodzinso ndi injini. Pistoni ndi gawo losuntha, kotero kuchotsa misa kumabweretsa ubwino. Pokhala wopepuka pali inertia yochepa, kotero, kwenikweni, kuyesetsa kochepa kudzafunika kuti musunthe.
Chotsatira chake ndi chakuti ma pistons osindikizidwa a Porsche analola 911 GT2 RS's 3.8 biturbo flat-six kuthamanga pa 300 rpm pamwamba pa injini yopanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 30 hp yamphamvu kwambiri, kapena 730 hp m'malo mwa 700 cv.
Koma ubwino samatha ndi kuwala kwakukulu kwa pistoni. Monga tanenera kale, kusindikiza kwa 3D kumalola njira zomwe sizingatheke kuzikwaniritsa ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira. Pankhani ya ma pistoni osindikizidwawa, kupanga kosanjikiza kumaloledwa kuwonjezera njira yozizirira kumbuyo kwa mphete za pistoni. Zili ngati chubu chotsekeka mkati mwa pisitoni, chokhala ndi mipata iwiri yokha yolowera ndi potulutsira mafuta.
Ndi njira iyi yowonjezera kuziziritsa, kutentha kwa pisitoni pamene ikugwira ntchito kwatsika ndi kupitirira 20 ° C ndendende pamene imayang'aniridwa ndi katundu wotentha kwambiri. Pokwaniritsa kutentha kwa pisitoni yotsika, Porsche idakwanitsanso kuwongolera kuyaka, kukulitsa kuthamanga ndi kutentha, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zitheke. Monga Frank Ickinger akunenera:
"Ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe injini yoyaka moto ikadali ndi kuthekera kwamtsogolo."
Kodi ma pistoni a Porsche amasindikizidwa bwanji
Kugwirizana ndi Mahle - omwe adapanga ndikupanga ma pistoni opangira 911 GT2 RS - adawalola kupanga ufa wachitsulo womwe umakhala ngati "inki" kusindikiza ma pistoni. Ufawu umagwiritsa ntchito aloyi ya Mahle's M174+ aluminium, yofanana ndi ma pistoni a 911 GT2 RS. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a pistoni osindikizidwa amafanana ndi ma pistoni opangira.
Laser amasungunula ufa wachitsulo ndipo, wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza, ma pistoni amapangidwa.
Lowani Trumpf, yemwe adapanga njira yopangira ndi kusindikiza. Trumpf TruPrint 3000 3D Printer yolondola kwambiri imasakaniza ufa, wosanjikiza pambuyo pa wosanjikiza, kupyolera mu njira yotchedwa LMF, kapena laser fusion zitsulo. Pochita izi ufa umasungunuka ndi mtengo wa laser wokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.02 mm mpaka 0.1 mm, wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza.
Pamenepa pakufunika zigawo pafupifupi 1200 zomwe zimatenga pafupifupi maola 12 kuti zisindikizidwe.
Makina osindikizira a Trumpf amalola kusindikiza ma pistoni asanu panthawi imodzi ndipo pambuyo pofufuza mosamala za pistoni zosindikizidwa, mogwirizana ndi Zeiss, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti sizisiyana ndi pistoni zonyenga.
Makina osindikizira a Trumpf amatha kusindikiza ma pistoni asanu nthawi imodzi.
kuyesa, kuyesa ndi kuyesa
Atayikidwa pa flat-six ya 911 GT2 RS, ndi nthawi yoti muwayese. Injini itayikidwa pa benchi yoyesera, idayesedwa poyesa kupirira kwa maola 200.
Pakati pa mayeso osiyanasiyana omwe adachitika, m'modzi mwa iwo adatengera liwiro la maola 24 pamtunda wothamanga kwambiri: "inayenda" pafupifupi mtunda wa 6000 km pa liwiro lapakati la 250 km / h, ngakhale kuyimitsa kuyimitsa mafuta. Chiyeso china chinaphatikizapo maola a 135 atadzaza ndi maola 25 pamitengo yosiyana.
Zotsatira za mayeso ovutawa? Mayeso adadutsa, ma pistons onse osindikizidwa atapambana mayeso osalembetsa mtundu uliwonse wamavuto.
Kodi tiwona ma pistoni osindikizidwawa akugunda pamsika?
Inde, tiwona, koma palibe nthawi yeniyeni. Ukadaulo wosindikizira wa 3D wakhalapo kwazaka makumi angapo ndipo wagwiritsidwa kale ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga magalimoto, koma chowonadi ndi chakuti wangokanda pamwamba pa kuthekera kwake.
Kodi tidzawona ma pistoni osindikizidwa pamtundu wamtsogolo wa Porsche? Zotheka kwambiri.
Tsopano ndiukadaulo wamba mu prototyping. Zimakulolani kuti mupange zigawo zinazake komanso kufufuza zosiyana siyana mumapangidwe azinthu mwamsanga popanda kupanga makina opangira, kutsegula dziko lonse lazotheka.
Porsche amagwiritsa kale luso limeneli m'madera ena komanso, monga mpikisano ndi akale ake. Porsche Classic imapanga kale magawo 20 (mu pulasitiki, zitsulo ndi ma aloyi ena azitsulo) amitundu yapamwamba kupyolera mu kusindikiza kwa 3D, zomwe sizinapangidwenso ndipo sizikanatheka kuzipanganso.
Tidzawonanso ukadaulo uwu ukugwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yapadera kapena yotsika, kapenanso potengera zosankha kapena makonda - mwachitsanzo, chaka chino, mpando wa baquet pogwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D wapezeka ngati njira ya 718 ndi 911 -, popeza kupanga kotereku kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri pazachuma komanso mwaukadaulo.
Chitsanzo cha benchi ya ng'oma pogwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D
Porsche ikugwiranso ntchito kuti igwiritse ntchito teknolojiyi muzojambula zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zidzachitika m'tsogolomu. Motalika bwanji? Izi ndi zomwe tidafunsa a Frank Ickinger, ndipo yankho lake, popanda kutsimikizira kotheratu, "zaka 10 (2030)" - tiyenera kudikirira, koma kuthekera kwa kusindikiza kwa 3D komanso zomwe zimasokoneza ndizosatsutsika.