Ma injini a dizilo sanayankhulidwepo motere. Mwina chifukwa cha Dieselgate, kapena chifukwa opanga ena amalamula kutha kwa injini za dizilo, kapena chifukwa nthawi yomweyo ma brand monga Mercedes-Benz tsopano akuyambitsa mitundu ya Dizilo ya plug-in, pomwe chilichonse chikuwoneka kuti chikutsutsana ndi mbewu - kupatula Mazda. , mwa nthawi zonse.
Ndizowona kuti malamulo okhwima oletsa kuwononga chilengedwe alimbitsa mphamvu zamainjini a dizilo, pomwe opanga akuyenera kugwirizana kuti akwaniritse, mochulukira, kuchepetsa mpweya woipa.
Anti-kuipitsa machitidwe - Vavu ya EGR, zosefera za particulate ndikuchepetsa kothandizira - akhala ogwirizana kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zolinga zomwe akufuna. Tekinoloje yomwe ili ndi zovuta zake, makamaka pomwe sitikudziwa momwe tingachitire ...
Mavuto ovuta komanso okwera mtengo pamakina odana ndi kuipitsa, makamaka mu fyuluta ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndiye mantha akulu pogula galimoto ya Dizilo, koma izi zitha kupewedwa.
Nkhaniyi ndi yochuluka, koma idzakhala yopindulitsa kuwonjezera moyo wa zigawo ndi galimoto yanu ya dizilo, ndikusunga kusintha kwina kwa chikwama chanu, kuphatikizapo kudziwana ndi machitidwe onse.
EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) valve
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, valavu ya EGR (valavu yotulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya) - teknoloji yoyambira zaka za m'ma 1970 - imayambitsa gawo lina la mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wopangidwa panthawi yoyaka kuti ubwerere ku chipinda choyaka moto kuti uwotche tinthu tating'ono toipitsa.
Ndi imodzi mwamakina omwe amalola kuwongolera mpweya wa NOx (nitrogen oxides), omwe amapangidwa mumtundu wocheperako wa kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika mkati mwa silinda.
AYI x ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zowononga kwambiri thanzi la munthu.
Mipweya imabwereranso kumalo olowera, komwe amawotchedwanso m'chipinda choyaka moto, chomwe chimalola kutentha mkati mwa chipindacho kuchepetsedwa panthawi yoyaka, motero kuchepetsa m'badwo wa NOx ndipo, panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyaka NOx yopangidwa kale komanso mu mpweya womwewo wotulutsa mpweya.
Zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake
Valve ya EGR imayikidwa pakati pa kuchuluka kwa utsi ndi kuchuluka komwe amamwa , ndipo ilinso ndi zovuta zake. Chachikulu ndi ndendende "kubwerera" kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wosonkhanitsa ndi dera lonse lolowetsamo aziunjikira dothi, zomwe zingalepheretse mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya injini. Nthawi zambiri mumalandira chenjezo pamene kuwala kwa injini kumabwera.
Izi zikhoza kutanthauza kuti valve ya EGR sikugwira ntchito pa 100%.
Mukawona kuti kutentha kwa injini ndikokwera pang'ono kuposa kwanthawi zonse, kungatanthauzenso dothi lochulukirapo mu valavu ya EGR. Zomwezo zimachitika ndi kumwa. Makhalidwe apamwamba popanda chifukwa chomveka amatha kulungamitsidwa ndi kulepheretsa kwina kwa EGR.
Kusakhazikika kogwira ntchito mosasamala, komanso kulephera kuyankha pamaulamuliro otsika ndi apakatikati mwina ndi kulephera kwina mu EGR.
Ngati pali vuto, musanasinthe valavu ya EGR, muyenera kuyeretsa valve. Ndizosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, mgalimoto komanso pachikwama chanu.
Monga kupewa, ndipo ngakhale mulibe mavuto aakulu, yeretsani EGR mu ndemanga. Pewani kuyesetsa injini ikadali yozizira ndipo pewani kuyendetsa galimoto nthawi zonse motsika kwambiri.
Sefa ya Particle (FAP)
The Diesel Particulate Filter idapangidwa kuti ichotse particles za soot kuchokera ku mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, ndipo ili muzitsulo zotulutsa mpweya. Ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri kuposa ukadaulo wa EGR, ndipo idakhala yovomerezeka kuyambira 2010 kupita mtsogolo kuti igwirizane ndi mfundo zotsutsana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa Euro 5.
Mosiyana ndi chothandizira chomwe mpweya umadutsa muzitsulo zotseguka mu ceramic kapena zitsulo monoliths, izi sizichitika mu fyuluta ya particulate. Cholinga cha zoseferazi ndikutchera mwayewo kenako kuuchotsa poutentha pakatentha kwambiri.
Monga fyuluta iliyonse, machitidwewa amafunikanso kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito. Kubadwanso kwatsopano kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi, kumayambitsa mwaye wosonkhanitsidwa ukafika pamlingo wina. Ndizotheka kuthetsa, panthawiyi, mpaka 85% ya mwaye ndipo nthawi zina pafupifupi 100%.
Zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake
Njira yochitira kusinthika uku kwa fyuluta imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi teknoloji yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga magalimoto, komabe nthawi zonse amalingalira kutentha kwa injini ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (pakati pa 650 ndi 1000 ° C) ndi nthawi inayake. Choncho momwe timagwiritsira ntchito galimotoyo zimatsimikizira kwambiri thanzi ndi moyo wautali wa gawoli.Misewu yapafupi ya mizinda (nthawi zambiri yaifupi) kapena kugwiritsira ntchito galimoto kawirikawiri kumatanthawuza kuti zosefera sizimafika pa kutentha kwabwino kuti zikwaniritse kusinthika ndi kuwotcha tinthu.
Izi zimasonkhanitsidwa mu fyuluta, kuonjezera kupanikizika kwa m'mbuyo mu utsi, kuchititsa galimotoyo kutaya ntchito ndikuwonjezera mafuta. Ngati kusinthika sikuchitika, chowunikira chowunikira chikhoza kubwera, kukudziwitsani kuti pali cholakwika ndi fyuluta ya particulate.
N'zotheka kuyambitsa ndondomeko yokonzanso ngati tiyendetsa galimoto kwa mphindi 10, pa liwiro la 70 km / h, kukakamiza injini kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse.
Ponyalanyaza chenjezo, mitundu ina ya zolakwika zingabuke. Galimoto imatha kulowa mumayendedwe otetezeka. Izi zikachitika, chigamulocho chingafunikire kale ulendo wopita ku msonkhano kuti akakonzenso.
Ngati kubadwanso sikungatheke, popeza mulingo wa particles mu fyuluta ndi wokwera kwambiri, m'malo mwake mudzafunika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ndalama zambiri.
Moyo wothandiza wa zosefera tinthu umadalira kwambiri, pagalimoto komanso momwe imayendetsedwa, ndipo imatha kuyambira Makilomita 80,000 mpaka 200 makilomita (ngakhale ochulukirapo) . M'malo mwake zitha kuchitidwanso zikadziwika kuti sizikuthanso kusinthika, kapena chifukwa cha zinthu zina mu injini kapena masensa omwe awononga zosefera mosasinthika.
Kupewa kuwonongeka
Pewani maulendo afupiafupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yanu pang'ono, komanso kuyendetsa mosalekeza pamakwerero otsika. Kusintha kwa ECU ndi reprogramming sikungakhalenso ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa pa fyuluta ya tinthu.
SCR ndi AdBlue
Zowonjezera izi - sizowonjezera mafuta, monga ena amati - adadza kwa ife posachedwa, mu 2015, ndipo adalengedwanso kuti akwaniritse milingo yofunikira yotulutsa mpweya, makamaka nitrogen oxides (NOx) pankhani ya Dizilo, kale pansi pa Euro. 6. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo idagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto olemera okha.
Yankho limadutsa mu SCR system - Selective Catalytic Reduction - yomwe ntchito yake imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito madzi a AdBlue. Dongosolo la SCR kwenikweni ndi mtundu wa chothandizira, chomwe chimayikidwa mu dongosolo lotayira, lomwe limaphwanya mpweya wotuluka kuchokera kuyaka, kulekanitsa ma nitrogen oxides (NOx) ndi ena.
AdBlue ndi njira yamadzimadzi ya urea (32.5% pure urea, 67.5% demineralized madzi) yomwe imalowetsedwa mu dongosolo la utsi, kuchititsa kuti mankhwala agwirizane ndi mpweya. , kulekanitsa NOx ku mipweya yotsalayo ndi kuisokoneza, kuwasandutsa mpweya wopanda vuto - nthunzi wamadzi ndi nayitrogeni.
Yankho lake ndi lopanda poizoni, koma limawononga kwambiri, chifukwa chake kuwonjezera mafuta nthawi zambiri kumachitika mumsonkhanowu, ndipo opanga amapanga dongosololi kuti kudziyimira pawokha kwa thanki ndikokwanira kuphimba ma kilomita pakati pa kukonzanso.
Dongosololi ndi lodziyimira palokha ndipo silimasokoneza kuyaka mkati mwa injini, ndikutha kuthetsa mpaka 80% ya mpweya wa nitrogen oxide, osasokoneza magwiridwe antchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake
Zolakwa zodziwika m'dongosolo lino ndizosowa, komabe, monga muzosefera zamtundu, zovuta zofananira zimatha kuchitika, monga kuchepa kwa mphamvu komanso kusatheka kuyambitsa galimoto. Izi zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa "Additive" ya AdBlue, yomwe imapangitsa kuti galimotoyo isasunthike, kapena mtundu wina wa zolakwika mu dongosolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndondomeko ya SCR ikhale yosatheka.
Onani malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito bwino dongosolo la AdBlue muzithunzi izi:
Pankhaniyi, misewu ya m'tawuni ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono galimotoyo idzangowonjezera kudya kwa AdBlue, chifukwa cha zovuta. Sikuti magalimoto onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito dongosololi ali ndi chizindikiro cha AdBlue, koma onse ali okonzeka kuchenjeza dalaivala pamene mlingo wa AdBlue uli wochepa, panthawi yomwe n'zotheka kuyenda makilomita zikwi zingapo kuti mudzaze.
Matanki a AdBlue ndi ochepa, chifukwa kumwa pafupifupi malita awiri pa kilomita chikwi chilichonse, ndipo mtengo wa lita iliyonse ndi pafupifupi yuro imodzi.
Apa, kupewa kumachitidwa ndikusamala kuti madzi a AdBlue asathe. Makilomita abwino!