Moyo wautali ku injini yoyaka mkati. Ndizodabwitsa kuti "mapeto olengezedwa" a injini yoyaka mkati chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa magetsi, sikunakhale cholepheretsa kuwona kupita patsogolo kwakukulu m'zaka zaposachedwa: kusintha kwa psinjika ratio (Nissan), kuyatsa kwa injini zamafuta (Mazda) ndipo tsopano, Koenigsegg adzayika kupanga (ngakhale kochepa kwambiri) injini yoyamba ya Otto (stroke 4) popanda camshaft.
Ndili panjira yatsopanoyi pomwe INNengine's 1S ICE imatulukanso, yomwe imalonjeza kupita patsogolo.
Injini yaying'ono koma yosinthika, yokhala ndi mayankho osangalatsa kwambiri mkati. Tikumane nawo?
1S ICE ndi chiyani?
The 1S Ice ku INNengine ndi injini yaying'ono kwambiri kukula ndi mphamvu, masekeli 500 cm3 ndi masekeli 43 kg - Mlengi wake, Juan Garrido, akuti akugwira kale ntchito pa zamoyo wa unit kulemera 35 kg (!).Kulemera kwake kochepa komanso kuchuluka kwake ndi zabwino ziwiri zomwe omwe ali ndi INNengine amalengeza pa injini zoyatsira zamkati (mikwingwirima 4):
- mpaka 70% kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa voliyumu;
- Kuchepetsa kulemera kwa 75%;
- Kufikira 70% zigawo zochepa;
- Ndipo mpaka 75% kusamuka pang'ono, koma ndi kachulukidwe mphamvu yomweyo monga injini ochiritsira 4x zokulirapo. Mwachitsanzo, 500 cm3 1S ICE amakwaniritsa mphamvu yofanana ndi 2000 cm3 4-stroke injini.
Titha kuwonanso kuti, ngakhale kukula kwake kuli kocheperako, 1S ICE ili ndi masilinda anayi ndipo… ma pistoni asanu ndi atatu - palibe cholakwika, kwenikweni ndi ma pistoni asanu ndi atatu… pamaso pa injini ya pistoni zotsutsana. Ndinalemba ma pistoni otsutsa osati ma silinda omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani?
Ma pistoni otsutsana ndi akulu kuposa momwe mukuganizira
Ma injini otsutsana ndi pistoni sali ofanana ndi ma injini a silinda ofanana ndi omwe timawadziwa ku Porsche ndi Subaru. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani? M'mainjini otsutsa a pistoni tili ndi ma pistoni awiri pa silinda imodzi, yogwira ntchito moyang'anizana ndi inzake, pomwe chipinda choyaka moto chimagawidwa ndi onse awiri.
Si, komabe, zatsopano zikafika pama injini oyatsira mkati, ngakhale ndi njira yachilendo yaukadaulo.
Ndipotu, injini yoyamba yotsutsa ya pistoni inayamba mu 1882, yopangidwa ndi James Atkinson (yemweyo Atkinson yemwe adatchula dzina lake kumayendedwe otchedwa eponymous combustion cycle anapeza, koposa zonse, m'magalimoto osakanizidwa, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu).
Ubwino waukulu wa makonzedwewa umakhala mukuchita bwino kwambiri, popeza kulibenso mutu wa silinda ndi camshafts - injini zotsutsana ndi pisitoni ndi 2-stroke - kuchepetsa kulemera, zovuta, kutayika kwa kutentha ndi kukangana, ndi mtengo.
Lembetsani ku kalata yathu yamakalata
Komabe, pochita, monga ma pistoni awiri omwe ali mu silinda imodzi amayenera kugwira ntchito mogwirizana, ayenera kulumikizidwa pamodzi, kukakamiza kuti alowe m'malo mwa zovuta zina zomwe zinatayika ndi kulemera kwake.
Injini zotsutsana ndi pistoni zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, koposa zonse, pamayendedwe akulu, monga zombo, magalimoto ankhondo, kapena ngati majenereta aluso. M'dziko lamagalimoto ndi osowa kwambiri. Masiku ano, mwina injini yapafupi kwambiri ya pistoni yopangira galimoto (kapena galimoto yabwino kwambiri yamalonda) ndi ya Achates Power. Muli ndi vidiyo yayifupi yomwe imakupatsani mwayi womvetsetsa momwe imagwirira ntchito:
Ma pistoni otsutsana 2.0: chabwino crankshaft
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa 1S ICE kuchokera ku INNEngine ndi injini ya silinda yotsutsana ndi Achates? Monga momwe tikuonera mufilimuyi pamwambapa, kuti tiwongolere kayendedwe ka pistoni zonse muzitsulo timakhala ndi ma crankshafts awiri ophatikizidwa pamodzi ndi dongosolo la gear. 1S ICE imangopereka ma crankshafts, ndipo nawo ndodo zolumikizira ndi magiya onse ogwirizana amazimiririka pamalopo.
Pochepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe amafunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito injini yake, INNengine yakwaniritsa zomwe tafotokozazi pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ndi misa, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa magwiridwe antchito.
M’malo mwa ziboliboli timapeza zidutswa ziŵiri (mtundu wa chimbale chomwe chimakwanira pa tsinde la injini), chimodzi kumapeto kwa injini, ndi chimodzi mwa malo ake osawerengeka osawerengeka. Ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwirizanitsa bwino kayendetsedwe ka ma pistoni asanu ndi atatu (omwe tsopano akuyenda mu axis kufanana ndi axis motor).
Onani zikugwira ntchito:
Zikumveka zosavuta, sichoncho? Chifukwa cha dongosolo lofanana komanso lokhazikika la magawo onse (ochepa) osuntha, komanso kuyenda kwa ma pistoni molingana ndi tsinde lalikulu, kuchuluka kwa injini iyi ndikwabwino kwambiri.
Kusakhalapo kwa kugwedezeka ndiko kuti, pamene adawonetsa filimu ya injini ya prototype pa benchi yoyesera, adatsutsidwa kuti ndi zabodza, chifukwa sizinawonekere ndi maso kuti injiniyo ikuyendetsa ...
Mu kanema kakang'ono kameneka titha kuwonanso zina za 1S ICE, monga kuthekera kopititsa patsogolo pang'ono malo a "crankshafts". Kuthekera komwe kumalola kugawa kosinthika, osati ma valve (alibe), koma madoko (kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa) komwe kumatenga malo awo. Komanso amalola dynamically variable psinjika chiŵerengero, kusintha ngati pakufunika, monga injini Nissan.
Cholinga cha zosankhazi, monga momwe mungapezere mu injini zina za 4-stroke zomwe zimakonzekeretsa magalimoto athu, ndikukwaniritsa bwino komanso kugwira ntchito. Pankhani ya 1S ICE, imalola kusinthasintha kuti ma injini a 2-stroke - monga omwe ali ndi ma pistoni otsutsana - salola, ndi izi kukhala magawo okhazikika.
Ndipo izi zimatifikitsa ku china chatsopano cha 1S ICE, chakuti ndi injini ya 1-stroke, chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti ndi gawo la dzina lake: 1 Stroke kapena 1-Stroke.
Kamodzi kokha?! Komanso?
Timadziwa mawu akuti 4-stroke engine (omwe amakonzekeretsa magalimoto athu ndi injini yoyaka mkati), komanso injini ya 2-stroke (izi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njinga zamoto). Komabe, INNengine imati injini yake ndi sitiroko imodzi, kutanthauza:
- 4-sitiroko: kuphulika kumodzi kokhotakhota kuwiri kwa crankshaft;
- Zikwapu 2: kuphulika kumodzi pakutembenukira kulikonse;
- Nthawi 1: kuphulika kuwiri pakutembenuka kulikonse kwa crankshaft.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngakhale mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito 1S ICE ndi yofanana ndi ya injini za 2-stroke, imayang'anira, komabe, kuphulika kawiri pa kuzungulira kulikonse kwa crankshaft, ndi kuwirikiza kanayi zomwe tingakwaniritse mu injini ya 4-stroke. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zomangamanga zatsopanozi zimakwaniritsa zonsezi ndi zigawo zochepa.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa "zinsinsi" chifukwa cholonjezedwa komanso ntchito yake yeniyeni: malinga ndi INNengine, 500 cm3 yake yaying'ono imatha kuwonetsa manambala ofanana ndi injini ya 2000 cm3 4-stroke.
Manambala… zotheka
Tidakali mu gawo lachitukuko, kotero palibe ziwerengero zotsimikizika. Koma m'mavidiyo omwe Juan Garrido akuwoneka kuti akufotokoza zonse za injini yake (tidzasiya kanema kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi), pali nambala yomwe imadziwika bwino: 155 Nm pa 800 rpm! Chiwerengero chochititsa chidwi komanso kungoyerekeza, tili ndi ma torque omwe amakwaniritsidwa ndi ma turbos ang'onoang'ono pamsika wathu, koma adafika 1000 rpm pambuyo pake ndipo ...Nambala zokhudzana ndi kumwa / kutulutsa mpweya, tiyenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimatifikitsa ku funso lofunikira:
Kodi ibwera kudzakonzekeretsa galimoto?
Mwina, koma osati momwe mukuganizira. Ngakhale akusintha Mazda MX-5 (NB) kuti akhale ngati mayeso oyeserera a injini iyi, cholinga chake ndi kakulidwe kake kamakhala ngati njira yolumikizira magalimoto amagetsi.
Mfundo yakuti ndi yaying'ono, yopepuka, yothandiza, ndipo imapanga ziwerengero zokwera kwambiri pama rev otsika chotere - cholinga chamtunduwu ndikutulutsa 30 kW (41 hp) pa 2500 rpm - ikhoza kupangitsa kuti ikhale yotalikirapo. Kutsika mtengo (palibe chifukwa cha batire lalikulu chotere), kuwononga pang'ono (injini yoyatsira yogwira bwino ntchito), komanso kuwongolera kwapamwamba (kupanda kugwedezeka).
Komabe, mapulogalamu ena ali patsogolo pa injini iyi, INNengine ikupanga injini yopikisana, ndipo ndege (kuwala) yawonetsa kale chidwi chachikulu pa injini iyi.
Dziko lenileni
Monga injini ya Achates Power, kuthekera kwa INNengine 1S ICE sikungatsutsidwe. Kuti muwone, thandizo lalikulu lazachuma likufunika, ndipo ngakhale makampani onsewa ali ndi chithandizo cha Saudi Aramco (chimphona chamafuta cha Saudi), chabwino chingakhale kuthandizidwa ndi amodzi kapena angapo opanga magalimoto.
Ngati Achates Power adakwaniritsa kale zikomo chifukwa cha gawo lothandizira kuchokera ku Cummins (opanga injini) ndi ARPA-E (bungwe la boma la US pama projekiti apamwamba okhudzana ndi mphamvu), INNengine sinapezebe.
Pali zaka 10 za chitukuko, pali kale prototypes injini pa mabenchi mayeso. Chidwi chomwe chimapangidwa chikhoza kukwera - ngakhale chifukwa cha malonjezo a chilimbikitso ichi -, koma ngakhale zili choncho, sizikutsimikiziridwa kuti zifika pamapeto opambana. Izi ndichifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano, pomwe makampani amagalimoto amangoyang'ana mokakamiza, kokha, pakupanga magetsi. Zidzakhala zovuta kwa womanga kusiyanitsa ndalama zake kukhala injini yoyaka moto yamkati, kupitirira pomwe pali zatsopano.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti INNengine ikuyang'ana pakupanga 1S ICE ngati njira yotalikirapo - zikuwoneka ngati mwayi wokhawo womwe ungagwire posachedwapa ndikukopa chidwi chamakampani opanga magalimoto.
Kufunika kwa injini yoyaka moto m'tsogolomu sikofunikira kokha kwa galimoto, komanso kwa mitundu yonse ya magalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito, kaya pamtunda, nyanja kapena mpweya. Manambala ndi omveka bwino komanso ochuluka.
Pafupifupi 200 miliyoni injini kuyaka mkati amapangidwa chaka chilichonse (pafupifupi 90 miliyoni ndi magalimoto), kotero sizimayembekezereka kuti mu nthawi yaifupi/yapakatikati iwo basi kutha tsopano popeza "tapeza" magetsi.
Ndikofunikira kupitiliza kuyika ndalama pakusinthika kwawo, chifukwa nawonso ndi gawo la yankho.
Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kudziwa zambiri za injini yoyaka mkatiyi, ndikusiyirani kanema (Chisipanishi, koma cholembedwa mu Chingerezi) ndi Juan Francisco Calero, mtolankhani, yemwe anali ndi mwayi woyendera maofesi a INNengine ndikuyankhula ndi Juan Garrido, wochokera ku INNengine :