Kuyambira 2002 dzina Supra adakhala kutchuka kwa m'badwo wa A80, womwe udadyetsa ma tuner ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Idakhala yokondedwa kwambiri pakuwongolera, popeza injini yake ya 3.0 inline silinda sikisi imatha kupirira chilichonse, ngakhale kukonzekera komwe kudapangitsa kuti ikhale yopenga 1000 hp. Sindinayambe ndayendetsapo mitundu yonseyi, koma ndinali ndi mwayi woyendetsa A80 yokhazikika paulendo wopita ku Japan nthawi ina m'ma nineties.
Ngati kutsogolo otsika ndi mapiko apamwamba akadali ndi zotsatira zake, zaka makumi awiri zapitazo Toyota Supra ulemu. Kanyumba kanyumba kameneka kanali ndi galimoto yayikulu chotere, koma malo oyendetsa anali pamalopo, ndikuwongolera zonse zachiwiri mozungulira dalaivala, ngati ndege yankhondo.
M’ndondomeko ya ulendowu, mayeso a Supra anali achidule chabe, osati chifukwa galimotoyo sinalinso yatsopano, koma amuna amtundu wa Toyota anali atadzilungamitsira kunyada kwawo ndipo anaumirira kuti atolankhani ayese. Lingaliro linali loti mutenge maulendo angapo mozungulira njanji yowulungika pamalo oyesera a Toyota, omwe simunathe kudziwa zambiri.
Ndimakumbukira kuwala kwa injini pamene ma turbos awiriwo adakankhira Supra patsogolo mopanda ulemu. Ma 330 hp a 2JZ-GTE amatha kufika 100 km / h mu 5.1s, koma gawo lomwe ndimayenda linali la 180 km / h, kutsatira malamulo a msika waku Japan panthawiyo. Nditangofika pa liwiro lija, lomwe mu oval silinatengeko kotala la chiuno, mapiko ena onse adadutsa malirewo. M'misewu yolowera ndimathabe kukwiyitsa kumbuyo pang'ono, koma osati mochuluka, popeza ndinatsagana mgalimoto ndi katswiri wamantha wa Toyota.
zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake
"Fast-forward" ya 2018 ndipo tsopano ndili pa dera la Spanish Jarama, njanji yachikale, yokhala ndi ngodya zothamanga komanso kuthawa kwaufupi, ma hump akhungu, kutsika kotsetsereka ndi ngodya zapang'onopang'ono zokhala ndi ma radii osinthika, zomwe zimakukakamizani kuti muphunzire zamayendedwe. Pafupi ndi ine ndili ndi Abbie Eaton, yemwe akuphunzitsa, kuti ndipindule kwambiri ndi Supra mumayendedwe ochepa omwe ndikuyenera kukhala nawo. Kalembedwe kake ndi kopereka malangizo kuposa upangiri, monga "pansi pano!" thandizo lamtengo wapatali kuti muzitha kuyang'ana kwambiri pagalimoto komanso zochepa panjira. Ngakhale kuti anali wamng'ono kwambiri kuposa ine, iye ayenera kudziwa zimene iye akulankhula, monga iye bwinobwino nawo "British GT Championship".
Njirayi imakhala ndi ma cones omwe amawonetsa madera oyendetsa, malo a zingwe ndi kutsekereza mayendedwe olakwika omwe amatha kutha moyipa. Koma mawu a Abiti Eaton ndi omveka bwino ndipo amandilimbikitsa kuti ndichite mozungulira kachiwiri mwachangu kuposa koyamba, komwe ndidaperekezedwa ndi mlangizi wodekha. The supercharged in-line six-cylinder BMW engine amadziwika kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya nyumba yaku Germany yomalizidwa mu M40i.
Toyota, kupyolera mu Gazoo Racing, inapanga mawerengedwe ake ndipo imangonena kuti ili ndi 300 hp, koma iyenera kukhala ndi 340 hp yofanana ndi Z4. Sitingakhulupirire, pamitundu iwiri yomwe idzagawana injini imodzi, nsanja yomweyo, yomangidwa pamiyala ya 5 ndi 7 Series zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu CLAR komanso fakitale yomweyo ya Magna-Steyr ku Graz, Austria. Ma gearbox asanu ndi atatu odzichitira okha, okhala ndi zopalasa pachiwongolero, nawonso, amaperekedwa ndi ZF.
Ku Jarama, ndimawonjezera liwiro. Chiwongolero ndicholondola popanda kuchita mantha, Eaton amandiuza kuti ndisachotse manja anga pamalo a "naini ndi kotala" ndipo kwenikweni, sichoncho. Matayala akutsogolo amamatira mu phula lokonzedwanso la njanjiyo ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kuloza galimoto kunjira yoyenera. Ndi maulendo angapo ndipo ndikukokomeza kale ndikupita ku understeer pang'ono. Koma kugawa kwa 50% kulemera kwa exle kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusintha maganizo, ndi chiwongolero ndi masewero olimbitsa thupi omwe ali ndi zotsatira zaposachedwa pamayimidwe a galimoto pamsewu: pansi pang'ono, amachotsa phokoso; kuwongolera pang'ono, kuwongolera pang'ono ndikuwongolera. Apanso, kukhazikika kwapangidweko kumadziwika, komwe Toyota akuti ikufanana ndi "coke" ya kaboni ya Lexus LFA supercar.
Zomwe Toyota Adazifunsa BMW
Zopempha za Toyota ku BMW kuti zikhale ndi chiŵerengero cha 1.6 pakati pa wheelbase (yachidule) ndi misewu (yonse) inali ndi zotsatira, monga momwe mphamvu yokoka yapansi inachitira, yomwe imatha kukhala pafupi ndi nthaka kusiyana ndi GT86. Mukakhala ndi poyambira chotere, sizodabwitsa kuti chassis imamva kuti imatha kugwira mphamvu zambiri. Zomwe Tetsuya Tada, mainjiniya wamkulu wa polojekitiyi, adanditsimikizira: mtundu wa GRMN uli mu giya, ndikutha kugwiritsa ntchito injini ya Mpikisano watsopano wa M2, wokhala ndi 410 hp, ndikunena.
Tetsuya Tada, Chief Engineer of Toyota SupraPali zinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito agalimoto iyi, yomwe ndi gudumu lalifupi, mipata yayikulu komanso malo otsika amphamvu yokoka. Ndipo izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi Z4 yapitayi. Chifukwa chake tidapempha zambiri kwa BMW kuti tisinthe kuti tikhale ndi zinthu zitatuzi momwe timafunira.
Masilinda anayi mu Supra?
Toyota Supra nthawi zonse imakhala yofanana ndi masilinda asanu ndi limodzi, koma mtundu wocheperako wa Supra umatsimikiziridwa, wokhala ndi injini ya 2.0 turbo four-cylinder engine ndi 265 hp - ayenera kuyitcha Celica? Chosinthika, monga Z4, sichili mu mapulani, makamaka pakadali pano.
Galimoto yomwe ndikuyendetsa ndi gawo la ma prototypes anayi okha, kotero Toyota sanalole kuti agwiritse ntchito Track mode (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ESP ikhale yololera) osasiya kuzimitsa kukhazikika, komwe kudatha kubwera kangapo. nthawi. Koma kumanzere kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera Sport, yomwe imasintha kuyankha kwamphamvu, chithandizo chowongolera komanso kunyowa. Kuwongolera kwa kayendedwe ka Supra ndikolondola kwambiri, ngakhale m'makona othamanga kwambiri pomwe kutsogolo kwa stabilizer bar yokhala ndi malire apadera a anchorage understeer. Mu braking yachiwawa kumapeto kwa njira yowongoka, yomwe inafika pa 220 km / h, mabuleki anayi a Brembo anakana bwino, koma ndi kuukira koyamba komwe kungakhale kotsimikizika.
The kufala zodziwikiratu, mumalowedwe Buku, ndi mofulumira koma osati nthawi zonse kumvera tabu kuchepetsa, mwina ine ndinali kufunsa zimene sindiyenera. Kuyimitsidwa koyimitsidwa sikuli kwagalimoto yamasana, kutali ndi iyo, koma ndiyokwanira kuti isawononge Michelin Pilot Super Sport (mwachindunji kwa Supra) ndikusangalatsa kuyendetsa pamsewu. Zikanakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri ngati zikanakhala zotheka kuwona momwe kusiyana kochepetsera-kuthamanga kumayendera pamene kutembenuka mu "drift", amuna a Toyota amati, ndi kumwetulira kwakukulu, kuti akonza izi. Nthawi ina mwina…
Nthawi yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa kwambiri…
"O" BMW injini
Injini yapaintaneti ya silinda sikisi, yapadera ya BMW kwazaka zambiri, imatha kunenedwa bwino. Zotanuka kwambiri pa liwiro lotsika, ndi torque yamphamvu pamwamba pa 2000 rpm ndiyeno ndi nsonga yomaliza yomwe imayenera kutenga mpaka mutadula 7000 rpm. Sikuti injini zonse zochulukirachulukira zili chonchi. Monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, zimakhalanso zosalala kwambiri, zopanda kugwedezeka, koma amuna a Toyota amadandaula kuti, chifukwa cha malamulo owononga chilengedwe, sangathe kupanga phokoso la sportier. Ndizovuta komanso zamphamvu, koma osati zochititsa chidwi.
Pambuyo panjira, njira. Akatswiri opanga ma projekiti akuti adakhala nthawi yayitali akuyendetsa maulendo ataliatali kuti awonetsetse kuti Toyota Supra ikhalanso yoyenda bwino kwambiri. Makilomita ochepa omwe ndidachita mumsewu waukulu, tsopano ndikuyimitsidwa mwanjira yabwinobwino, mudawona kuti damping imakhala yoyengedwa bwino, ndikudutsa pamtunda wopanda ungwiro popanda kusokoneza dalaivala ndi wokwera. Chiwongolero chinawonetsa kukhudzika kwambiri pozungulira mbali yosalowerera ndale, koma iyi ikhoza kukhala nkhani yosamalizidwa bwino. Kuyambira pano mpaka chiyambi cha kupanga, zosintha zambiri zamtunduwu zitha kupangidwabe.
Mizere ya silinda isanu ndi umodzi imalamulira nthawi yanu yopuma m'magawo awa, ndi purr yomwe imakhala ngati nyimbo yomveka yopitira patsogolo mosavutikira. Kanyumba ndi "zabwino", monga momwe mungayembekezere - pali tokhala padenga, kuwonjezera mamilimita angapo kutalika. Sitinafike nthawi yoti tikambirane za khalidwe la zipangizo, monga lakutsogolo lonse anali ataphimbidwa, kupatula pamene inu muyenera kupeza mabatani zofunika, pafupifupi onse a BMW chiyambi, kuphatikizapo iDrive, ndi gearbox lever ndi ndodo mzati.
zazifupi komanso zamasewera
Zoonadi malo oyendetsa galimoto ndi otsika, koma osatsika kwambiri ndipo chiwongolero chili bwino kwambiri, pafupifupi choyima. Mpandowo ndi womasuka ndipo umapereka chithandizo chabwino chakumbali mukamakona. Ndipo anafika! Njira yomwe Toyota inasankha inali ndi misewu yachiwiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yowongoka mpaka momwe maso amawonera, pomwe silinda sikisi imatha kudziwonetsera yokha mwathunthu, mwa kuyankhula kwina, mozama!… khama linakhalabe linatsimikiziranso.
Eurospec
Ku Europe, Supra 3.0 imabwera yokhazikika yokhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kosinthika, 7 mm kutsika kuposa yanthawi zonse, komanso kudziletsa mwachangu.
Popanda "kupsyinjika" kwa njanji, kuyendetsa mofulumira pamsewu wokhotakhota kunasonyeza kuti Sport damping imagwira ntchito bwino, ngakhale pamtunda wopanda ungwiro, wokhoza kuchoka mumayendedwe abwino, chifukwa cha pamene mukufuna kugudubuza ndi chitonthozo chochuluka. Ma akasupe ochita kawiri ndi maimidwe osinthika apa amapereka mwayi wokuwonetsani momwe mungathanirane ndi malo osayenda bwino, kutembenuka mwachangu kapena zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Kukokera si vuto, ngakhale pa mbedza zolimba kwambiri, Toyota Supra ikutenga zonse zomwe ili nazo pansi ndikulozera pang'onopang'ono ESP isanayambike.
Mapeto
Nkhani yaikulu ya Toyota ndi Supra inali kupewa zotsatira za GT86 / BRZ, mapasa awiri omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi grille ndi zizindikiro. Pamgwirizano uwu ndi BMW, kusiyanitsa kokongola kukuwoneka kowonekera. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa dongosololi kunakwaniritsidwa pamlingo wosunthika, kuti palibe kukayika, ndikuyika Supra mu gawo lomwe Porsche 718 Cayman S ndilofotokozera. Supra sikhala chinthu chonyanyira chotere, koma ndi galimoto yabwino, yosangalatsa komanso yathunthu yamasewera.
Ponena za mtengo, Toyota sanalengeze mtengo wake, koma kuyika Supra ngati mpikisano wa 718 Cayman S (komanso BMW M2 kapena Nissan 370Z Nismo), tikuyerekeza kuti ikhoza kuwononga pafupifupi ma euro 80,000, ikafika, kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa.
Tsamba lazambiri
| Galimoto | |
|---|---|
| Zomangamanga | 6 masilindala pamzere |
| Mphamvu | 2998 cm3 |
| Udindo | Longitudinal, kutsogolo |
| Chakudya | jekeseni mwachindunji, mapasa-mpukutu turbo |
| Kugawa | 2 ma camshaft apamwamba, ma valve 24, osintha magawo awiri |
| mphamvu | 340 hp (chiwerengero) |
| Binary | 474 nm |
| Kukhamukira | |
| Kukoka | kumbuyo ndi kudziletsa mwachangu |
| Bokosi la gear | automatic eyiti |
| Kuyimitsidwa | |
| Patsogolo | Mikono yolumikizana, ma adaptive dampers |
| kumbuyo | Multi-arm, adaptive shock absorbers |
| Maluso ndi Makulidwe | |
| Comp. / Kukula / Alt. | 4380 mm / 1855 mm / 1290 mm |
| Dist. gudumu | 2470 mm |
| thunthu | sakupezeka |
| Kulemera | 1500kg (pafupifupi) |
| Matayala | |
| Patsogolo | 255/35 R19 |
| kumbuyo | 275/35 R19 |
| Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Zochita | |
| Kudya kwapakati | sakupezeka |
| CO2 mpweya | sakupezeka |
| Liwiro lalikulu | 250 km/h (zochepa) |
| Kuthamanga | sakupezeka |