Ma injini otsogola amafunikira mafuta abwinoko

Mukukumbukira mafuta a lead?

Kwa thanzi lathu komanso chifukwa cha otembenuza othandizira, omwe adakhala ovomerezeka m'magalimoto onse atsopano kuyambira 1993, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugulitsa mafutawa kunali koletsedwa.

Komabe, izi sizinalepheretse magalimoto omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito kuti asagwirenso ntchito, chifukwa chowonjezerachi chinasinthidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa zowonjezera zina kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zomwezo.

Opanga mafuta 'anakakamizika' kupanga mtundu wina wa zowonjezera zowonjezera, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuonetsetsa kuti chiwerengero cha octane chikusungidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kutsogolera. Izi zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera, kukhalabe ndi kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito ma compression apamwamba, ndikofunikira kuti injiniyo isagwire bwino ntchito, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Chitsanzo cha konkirechi chikuwonetsa gawo lofunikira lomwe kafukufuku ndi kakulidwe ka mafuta ndi zowonjezera adasewera - ndipo akupitiliza kuchita - pokwaniritsa zolinga za injini zoyatsira mkati.

Luís Serrano, wofufuza ku ADAI, Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Chifukwa chake, chinthu choyamba chofunikira kulimbikitsa kuchepetsa umuna ndikuwonjezera phindu la injini. Podziwa kuti injini yoyaka moto imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pafupifupi 25%, izi zikutanthauza kuti kutsika kwa mafuta, kumapangitsa kuti injiniyo ikhale yogwira ntchito komanso kutulutsa mpweya wambiri chifukwa cha carburetion. M'malo mwake, mafuta abwino amalola kuti azigwira ntchito bwino, chifukwa kuwonjezeka kwachangu kumapezeka ndi mafuta ochepa, omwe amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa mpweya chifukwa cha gawo loyaka moto.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi chigawo cha Chemicals cha BASF ("Eco-Efficiency Study for Diesel Additives, November 2009) akuwonetsa izi: zowonjezera zomwe zimapezeka mumafuta ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti injini ikuyenda bwino, osafunikira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowonjezera. kupeza zotsatira zokhazikika komanso zokhalitsa panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito galimoto.

Symbiosis pakati pa opanga

Poyerekeza magwiridwe antchito a dizilo owonjezera komanso osawonjezera, Ntchitoyi ya gulu la Germany imanena kuti zomwe zimatchedwa "dizilo yosavuta" sizingathandize mphamvu ya thermodynamic, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa moyo wautali wa zigawozo.

Ma injini amakono amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri zololera zopanga, kotero ndikofunikira kuti mafuta azitsimikizira ukhondo wofananira ndikulimbikitsa kuziziritsa koyenera kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a jekeseni, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ku oxidation ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndikuwonetsetsa mafuta a zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Luís Serrano, wofufuza ku ADAI, Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Chifukwa chake, "kukula kwa injini ndi makina oyatsira ofananirako kunakakamiza kukula kwamafuta okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, omwe amatha kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito abwino a machitidwewa ndi injini zomwezo," akutero wofufuzayu.

Ma injini amakono a jakisoni, pomwe mafuta amalimbana ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, amafunikira majekeseni ndi mapampu ogwira mtima kwambiri, komanso amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Izi zimatsimikizira kufunika kwa symbiosis pakati pa chitukuko cha zigawo ndi injini ndi njira zovuta kwambiri zopangira mafuta, kulimbikitsa kufufuza kwa zowonjezera zomwe zimatha kuyankha zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi opanga injini.

Kuti mupeze lingaliro lenileni la kukula kwa mafuta ndi zowonjezera zawo komanso kufunikira kwawo pakudalirika kwa injini (...) ngati mafuta azaka 15 kapena 20 zapitazo adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini yamakono, m'kanthawi kochepa. kugwiritsa ntchito, injiniyo ingakhale ndi mavuto aakulu ogwiritsira ntchito.

Luís Serrano, wofufuza ku ADAI, Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Yang'anani pa eco-efficiency

Pamene zolinga za mpweya zikuchulukirachulukira kumbali ya opanga magalimoto - pofika chaka cha 2021, malondawo akuyenera kutsitsa mpweya wa CO2 wa zombozi kufika pa 95 g/km, ndi chilango cha chindapusa cholemera -, Zinyalala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. kasungidwe ndi njira zochizira zikukhala zovuta komanso zovuta.

Ndipo okwera mtengo.

Kuonetsetsa kuti ukadaulo uwu ukugwira ntchito bwino (omwe opanga magalimoto amayenera kuwonetsetsa mpaka makilomita 160,000, malinga ndi malingaliro aku Europe) ndikuti mafuta amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri ndipo akupangidwa mosalekeza ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti agwire ntchito yawo.

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Mu ntchito iyi ya BASF, mafuta owonjezera amapeza zotsatira zabwino pa mphamvu ya mphamvu ndipo, chifukwa chake, komanso ponena za mpweya.

Koma, chofunika kwambiri kuposa mfundo iyi, ndikuwonetsa momwe mphamvu ndi ntchito ya mafuta owonjezera amakulirakulira pamene injini imayikidwa ndi katundu wapamwamba. Zomwe zimalimbitsa kufunikira kwamafuta odalirika m'magalimoto ogulitsa kapena mitundu yomwe imatha kuchita bwino kwambiri.

Kafufuzidwe ndi kakulidwe ka mafuta ndi zowonjezera zikupitiriza kugwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pokwaniritsa zolinga za injini zoyatsira mkati. Mwachitsanzo, ponena za dizilo, kuchepa kwa sulfure kumawonekera, komwe kumathetsa utsi wa mankhwala a sulfure, omwe amadetsedwa kwambiri ndipo amakwaniritsidwa ndi opanga mafuta. Sulfure ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino pakupanga mafuta oyambira (opanda pake) ndipo amawonekera pafupipafupi mu dizilo, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuchotsa chinthu ichi pakuyenga. Mwanjira imeneyi zinali zotheka kuthetsa izi, kuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya woipa pamlingo wa sulfure umakhala wotsalira. Pakali pano, mpweya woterewu sulinso vuto.

Luís Serrano, wofufuza ku ADAI, Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Onani Fleet Magazine kuti mupeze zolemba zambiri pamsika wamagalimoto.