Mawu ovomerezeka a Toyota sakanatha kuyamba momveka bwino: "Zimamveka ngati matsenga: timayika chipangizo china chokhudzana ndi mpweya, kuunika kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo chimayamba kupanga mafuta kwaulere."
Zaulere? Monga?
Choyamba, mafuta omwe amawatchula si mafuta kapena dizilo, koma haidrojeni. Ndipo monga tikudziwira, Toyota ndi imodzi mwa osewera akuluakulu m'derali, magalimoto oyendetsa mafuta, kapena mafuta a mafuta, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito hydrogen kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi yofunikira kuti aike galimotoyo.
Chimodzi mwa zopinga zazikulu pakukula kwa teknolojiyi chikukhala ndendende mu kupanga haidrojeni. Ngakhale kuti ndi chinthu chochuluka kwambiri m'chilengedwe chonse, mwatsoka nthawi zonse chimawoneka "cholumikizidwa" ku chinthu china - chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi molekyulu yamadzi, H2O - yomwe imafuna njira zovuta komanso zodula kuti zisiyanitse ndi kuzisunga.
Ndipo monga Toyota akukumbukira, kupanga haidrojeni kumagwiritsabe ntchito mafuta oyaka, zomwe mtundu waku Japan umafuna kusintha.
Malinga ndi mawu ochokera ku Toyota Motor Europe (TME) adakwanitsa kupita patsogolo kwambiri paukadaulo. Mogwirizana ndi DIFFER (Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research) adapanga chipangizo chotha kuyamwa mpweya wamadzi womwe uli mumlengalenga, kulekanitsa mwachindunji haidrojeni ndi okosijeni pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yadzuwa yokha. - chifukwa chake timapeza mafuta aulere.
Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mgwirizanowu ukule. Choyamba, timafunikira mafuta atsopano, okhazikika - monga haidrojeni - omwe angachepetse kudalira kwathu pamafuta oyaka; chachiwiri, m'pofunika kuchepetsa umuna wa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Gulu la TME's Advanced Materials Research division ndi DIFFER's Catalytic and Electromechanical Processes for Energy Applications, motsogozedwa ndi Mihalis Tsampas, adagwira ntchito limodzi kuti akwaniritse njira yogawa madzi m'magawo ake a mpweya (mpweya) osati mu gawo lamadzimadzi. Zifukwa zikufotokozedwa ndi Mihalis Tsampas:
Mihalis Tsampas, Catalytic and Electromechanical Processes for Energy Applications kuchokera ku DIFFERKugwira ntchito ndi gasi m'malo mwa madzi kuli ndi ubwino wambiri. Zamadzimadzi zimakhala ndi zovuta zina, monga matuza osakonzekera. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mu gawo lake la mpweya m'malo mwa madzi ake, sitifunikira zipangizo zodula kuti tiyeretse madziwo. Ndipo potsiriza, monga momwe timagwiritsira ntchito madzi omwe alipo mumlengalenga otizungulira, teknoloji yathu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera akutali kumene madzi alibe.
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Chitsanzo choyamba
TME ndi DIFFER adawonetsa momwe mfundoyi idagwirira ntchito, ndikupanga selo latsopano lolimba la photoelectrochemical cell lomwe limatha kutenga madzi kuchokera mumlengalenga wozungulira, pomwe, pambuyo padzuwa, idayamba kupanga haidrojeni.
Izi woyamba prototype anakwanitsa kukwaniritsa 70% yochititsa chidwi ya magwiridwe antchito omwe adapangidwa ndi chipangizo chofananira ndi madzi - kulonjeza. Dongosololi limapangidwa ndi ma polymeric electrolyte membranes, ma porous photoelectrodes ndi zinthu zotulutsa madzi, zophatikizidwa mu chipangizo china chokhala ndi nembanemba yophatikizika.
masitepe otsatirawa
Ntchito yolonjezayo, poganizira zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa kale, idakwanitsa kuperekedwa ndalama kuchokera ku NWO ENW PPS Fund. Chotsatira ndikuwongolera chipangizocho. Chitsanzo choyamba chinagwiritsa ntchito ma photoelectrodes omwe amadziwika kuti ndi okhazikika, koma anali ndi malire ake, monga momwe Tsampas amanenera: "...zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimangotenga kuwala kwa UV, komwe kumapanga zosakwana 5% ya kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumafika padziko lapansi. Chotsatira ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi kukonzanso kamangidwe kameneka kuti madzi azitha kuyamwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. "
Pambuyo pothana ndi vutoli, zitha kukhala zotheka kukulitsa ukadaulo. Maselo a photoelectrochemical omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga haidrojeni ndi ochepa kwambiri (ozungulira 1 cm2). Kuti azitha kuchita bwino pazachuma amayenera kukulitsa kukula kwa magiredi awiri kapena atatu (100 mpaka 1000 kuwirikiza kawiri).
Malinga ndi a Tsampas, ngakhale sanafikebe kumeneko, ali ndi chiyembekezo kuti dongosolo lamtunduwu mtsogolomu silingangothandizira kusuntha magalimoto, komanso nyumba zamagetsi.