Osati masabata angapo apitawo, dziko la France linalengeza cholinga chake choletsa kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano ndi injini za petroli ndi dizilo kuchokera ku 2040. Lero, United Kingdom ikupereka malingaliro ofanana, omwe cholinga chake ndi chaka chomwecho. Germany, msika waukulu wa magalimoto ku Ulaya, ndi nyumba ya wopanga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, sakufuna kudikira nthawi yayitali, akulozera ku chaka cha 2030. Ndipo Netherlands yapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndikuyika 2025 ngati malo osinthira mwadzidzidzi , kotero kuti kokha Magalimoto a "zero emissions" amagulitsidwa.
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, izi ndi njira zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko yowonjezereka yochepetsera mpweya wa CO2 m'mayiko omwe tawatchulawa, komanso kulimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa mizinda ikuluikulu ya m'matauni, kumene kwakhala kukuwonongeka kwa mpweya.
Komabe, mapulaniwa amasiya mafunso ambiri kuposa mayankho. Kodi zimaloledwa kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi a 100%, kapena magalimoto omwe amalola kuyenda kwamagetsi, monga ma hybrids a plug-in? Ndipo momwe mungathanirane ndi magalimoto olemera? Kodi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kotereku kupita kumakampani kungathandize pazachuma? Ndipo kodi msika ukhala wokonzeka kusinthaku?
Ngakhale kukhala ndi mbiri yokha ya chaka cha 2040, ndiko kuti, zaka zoposa 20 m'tsogolomu - zofanana ndi mibadwo itatu ya magalimoto - zikuyembekezeka kuti teknoloji yamagalimoto amagetsi yasintha kwambiri, makamaka pokhudzana ndi kusunga ndi kutsegula. . Koma kodi zidzakhala zokwanira kukhala njira yokhayo yoyendetsera galimotoyo?
Zolosera za opanga zikuwonetsa ziwerengero zochepa kwambiri
European Union ili kale ndi mapulani oti awononge mpweya woipa - sitepe yotsatira ili kale mu 2021, pamene mpweya wapakati wa opanga uyenera kukhala 95 g/km ya CO2 - zomwe zikuyenera kukulitsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagalimoto. Koma ngakhale kukakamizidwa komwe kumayika kwa opanga magalimoto, kuwakakamiza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi mumitundu iwiri yosiyana ya injini - kuyaka kwamkati ndi magetsi - pali njira yosinthira. Izi zimalola kusinthika kwapang'onopang'ono, onse opanga ndi msika, ku chowonadi chatsopanochi.
Ngakhale mapulani olimba mtima a opanga amawulula momwe njira yoyendera magetsi okha idzatenga nthawi yake. Gulu la Volkswagen lalengeza kuti likufuna kuyambitsa magalimoto amagetsi a 30 pofika chaka cha 2025, zomwe zimapangitsa kugulitsa magalimoto okwana miliyoni imodzi "zero emission" pachaka. Zitha kumveka ngati zambiri, koma zimangokhala 10% yazopanga zonse za gululo. Ndipo manambala omwe amaperekedwa ndi opanga ena amawulula zinthu zomwe zimakhala pakati pa 10 ndi 25% yazopanga zonse zomwe zidzaperekedwa ku magalimoto amagetsi 100% pazaka khumi zikubwerazi.
Funsani chikwama, osati chikumbumtima cha chilengedwe
Msikawu sunakonzekere kusintha kwa kukula uku. Ngakhale kukulirakulira kwa magalimoto otulutsa zero, komanso kuwonjezera ma hybrids ophatikizika, mitundu iyi idangokhala 1.5% yokha yamagalimoto atsopano omwe adagulitsidwa ku Europe chaka chatha. Ndizowona kuti chiwerengerocho chimakonda kukula, ngakhale chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa malingaliro omwe akubwera m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, koma kodi zingatheke kupita ku 100% m'zaka makumi awiri?
Kumbali inayi, tili ndi mayiko monga Sweden ndi Denmark kumene gawo lalikulu la malonda awo amagalimoto ali kale magalimoto amagetsi. Koma izi ndichifukwa choti magalimoto amagetsi amathandizidwa mowolowa manja. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kupambana kwa magalimoto otulutsa ziro ndi nkhani yabwino kuposa vuto lenileni la chilengedwe.
Tengani nkhani ya Denmark, yomwe imadziwonetsera yokha ngati imodzi mwa mayiko a ku Ulaya omwe ali ndi magalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa cha msonkho womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa galimoto - 180% msonkho woitanitsa. Ganizirani kuti magalimoto amagetsi anali osaloledwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mitengo yabwino kwambiri yogula. Dzikoli linali litalengeza kale kuti zopindulazi zidzachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonekera kale: m'gawo loyamba la 2017 malonda a magalimoto a magetsi ndi ma plug-in hybrid adagwa ndi 61%, ngakhale kuti msika wa Danish ukukula.
Kufanana kwamitengo pakati pa galimoto yamagetsi ndi galimoto yokhala ndi injini yoyatsira mkati yofanana idzachitika, koma zitenga zaka zambiri. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, maboma amayenera kupereka ndalama za msonkho kuti awonjezere malonda a magalimoto amagetsi. Kodi adzakhala okonzeka kutero?