Mu 2020, mtengo wapakati wa mbiya yamafuta unali wotsika kwambiri kuyambira 2004, malinga ndi kafukufuku.

Chaka chilichonse bp imatulutsa lipoti lomwe limasanthula momwe misika yamagetsi ikuyendera, " Bp Statistical Review of World Energy “. Monga momwe tingayembekezere, zomwe zasindikizidwa mchaka cha 2020 zikuwonetsa "kukhudzidwa kwakukulu komwe mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi wakhudza misika yamagetsi".

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu koyambirira komanso kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera kumagetsi kukuwonetsa kuchepa kwachangu kwambiri kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945).

Mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso, komano, zidapitilira njira yawo yakukula kolimba, ndikugogomezera mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa, zomwe zinali ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu pachaka.

Zowoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi

Mu 2020, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu koyamba kudatsika ndi 4.5% - kutsika kwakukulu kuyambira 1945 (chaka chomwe Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse inatha). Kutsika uku kudayendetsedwa makamaka ndi mafuta, omwe adatenga pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a kuchepa kwa ukonde.

Mitengo yamafuta achilengedwe yatsika mpaka kutsika kwazaka zambiri; komabe, gawo la gasi mu mphamvu yoyamba linapitirizabe kuwonjezeka, kufika pa mbiri ya 24,7%.

Kupanga kwamphepo, solar ndi hydroelectric kukuwonjezeka, ngakhale kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa zidakwera mpaka 238 GW mu 2020 - kuposa 50% yanthawi ina iliyonse m'mbiri.

Ndi dziko, United States of America, India ndi Russia adawona kutsika kwakukulu kwakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'mbiri. China idalemba kukula kwake kwakukulu (2.1%), limodzi mwa mayiko ochepa omwe kufunikira kwa mphamvu kudakwera chaka chatha.

Kutulutsa mpweya chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kudatsika ndi 6% mu 2020, kutsika kwakukulu kuyambira 1945.

"Pali lipoti ili - kwa ambiri aife - 2020 ikhala imodzi mwazaka zodabwitsa komanso zovuta kwambiri. Kutsekeredwa komwe kwapitilira padziko lonse lapansi kwakhudza kwambiri misika yamagetsi, makamaka yamafuta, omwe kufunikira kwawo kokhudzana ndi mayendedwe kwaphwanyidwa. ”

"Chomwe chili cholimbikitsa ndichakuti chaka cha 2020 chinalinso chaka choti zongowonjezeranso ziwonekere pakupanga mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwachangu kwambiri kuposa kale lonse - motsogozedwa kwambiri ndi mtengo wopangira mphamvu kuchokera ku malasha. Izi ndizomwe dziko likuyenera kuthana ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni - kukula kwakukulu kumeneku kudzapereka malo ochulukirapo kuzinthu zowonjezera poyerekeza ndi malasha "

Spencer Dale, Chief Economist ku bp

Ku Ulaya

Kontinenti ya ku Europe ikuwonetsanso momwe mliriwu udakhudzidwira pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu - mphamvu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu idatsika ndi 8.5% mu 2020, kufika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri kuyambira 1984. Izi zidawonekeranso pakutsika kwa 13% kwa mpweya wa CO2 wopangidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komwe ndi chizindikiro chotsika kwambiri kuyambira 1965.

Pomaliza, kumwa mafuta ndi gasi nawonso anagwa, ndi madontho a, motero, 14% ndi 3%, koma dontho lalikulu linalembedwa pa mlingo wa malasha (omwe anagwa ndi 19%), amene gawo anagwa 11%, m'munsi. kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti zongowonjezwdwa, zomwe ndi 13%.

Zaka 70 za bp Statistical Review of World Energy

Lofalitsidwa koyamba mu 1952, lipoti la Statistical Review lakhala gwero la zolinga, chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kusanthula komwe kumathandiza mafakitale, maboma ndi akatswiri kuti amvetsetse bwino ndikutanthauzira zomwe zikuchitika m'misika yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, yapereka zambiri pazochitika zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri ya World Power System, kuphatikizapo vuto la Suez Canal la 1956, Mavuto a Mafuta a 1973, kusintha kwa Iranian 1979, ndi tsoka la Fukushima la 2011.

Zina zazikulu

PETROLEUM:

• Mtengo wapakati wamafuta (Brent) unali $41.84 pa mbiya mu 2020 - otsika kwambiri kuyambira 2004.
• Kufuna kwapadziko lonse kwamafuta kudagwa ndi 9.3%, kutsika kwakukulu komwe kunalembedwa ku United States of America (-2.3 miliyoni b / d), Europe (-1.5 miliyoni b / d) ndi India (-480 000 b / d). Dziko la China linali dziko lokhalo limene anthu ankamwa mowa kwambiri (+220,000 b/d).
• Refineries adalembetsanso kutsika kwa 8.3 peresenti, kuima pa 73.9%, gawo lotsika kwambiri kuyambira 1985.

GESI WAchilengedwe:

• Mitengo ya gasi wachilengedwe imatsika kwazaka zambiri: mtengo wapakati wa North American Henry Hub unali $1.99/mmBtu mu 2020 - otsika kwambiri kuyambira 1995 - pomwe mitengo ya gasi ku Asia (Japan Korea Marker) idalembetsa gawo lotsika kwambiri, kufikira mbiri yake. otsika ($4.39/mmBtu).
• Komabe, gawo la gasi lachilengedwe monga mphamvu yayikulu idapitilira kukwera, kufika pa 24.7%.
• Kukula kwa gasi kunakula 4 bcm kapena 0.6%, pansi pa kukula komwe kunalembedwa zaka 10 zapitazi, 6.8%. Kuperekedwa kwa gasi wachilengedwe ku US kudakula 14 bcm (29%), kuchepetsedwa pang'ono ndi kuchepa komwe kumawonedwa m'madera ambiri, monga Europe ndi Africa.

MALASHA:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito malasha kudatsika ndi 6.2 ex joules (EJ), kapena 4.2%, motsogozedwa ndi kugwa kothandizidwa ku US (-2.1 EJ) ndi India (-1.1 EJ). Kugwiritsa ntchito malasha mu OECD kwafika pamlingo wotsikitsitsa kwambiri m'mbiri, malinga ndi zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa ndi bp kuyambira 1965.
• China ndi Malaysia zinali zosiyana kwambiri chifukwa adalemba kuchuluka kwa malasha a 0.5 EJ ndi 0.2 EJ, motsatana.

ZOWONJEZEDWAWO, MADZI NDI NUCLEAR:

• Mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa (kuphatikiza biofuel, koma osaphatikiza hydro) zidakula ndi 9.7%, pang'onopang'ono kuposa kukula kwapakati pazaka 10 zapitazi (13.4% pachaka), koma ndikukula kwathunthu kwamphamvu (2.9 EJ), kufananizidwa ndi kukula komwe kunawoneka mu 2017, 2018 ndi 2019.
• Magetsi a solar adakula mpaka 1.3 EJ (20%). Komabe, mphepo (1.5 EJ) idathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa zongowonjezera.
• Mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa idakwera ndi 127 GW, pomwe mphamvu yamphepo idakula ndi 111 GW - pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwapamwamba komwe kunalembedwa kale.
• China ndiye dziko lomwe lidathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa zongowonjezera (1.0 EJ), kutsatiridwa ndi USA (0.4 EJ). Monga dera, Europe ndi yomwe idathandizira kwambiri kukula kwa gawoli, ndi 0.7 EJ.

ELECTRICITY:

• Kupanga magetsi kunagwa ndi 0,9% - kutsika kwakukulu kuposa komwe kunalembedwa mu 2009 (-0.5%), chaka chokhacho, malinga ndi mbiri ya data ya bp (kuyambira 1985), yomwe inawona kuchepa kwa magetsi.
• Gawo la zowonjezedwanso pakupanga mphamvu zidakwera kuchokera ku 10.3% mpaka 11.7%, pomwe malasha adatsika ndi 1.3 peresenti mpaka 35.1% - kutsika kwina kwa zolemba za bp.