Volvo ifite imwe mu mateka akize mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga. Ntabwo tuvuga gusa igice cya sui generis kirimo umusingi wacyo - inshuti ebyiri na lobster (ibuka hano). Mubisanzwe tuvuga iterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe nicyitegererezo cyaranze amateka yacyo.
Nigute umwiyemezo wabagabo babiri washoboye kugira uruhare nkurwo ruganda rwiganjemo ibihugu by'ibihangange? Igisubizo gikurikira mumirongo ikurikira.
Twasoje igice cya mbere cyiyi myaka 90 Volvo idasanzwe, tuvuga kuri ÖV4 - izwi kandi nka "Jakob" - icyitegererezo cya mbere cyerekana ibicuruzwa bya Suwede. Kandi niho tuzakomeza. Urundi rugendo muri 1927? Reka tubikore…
Imyaka yo hambere (1927-1930)
Iki gice kigiye kuba kirekire - imyaka mike yambere yari ikomeye nkuko byari bishimishije.
Mu mwaka wambere wibikorwa, Volvo yashoboye gukora ibice 297 bya ÖV4. Umusaruro washoboraga kuba mwinshi - ntihabuze ibicuruzwa. Nyamara, ibicuruzwa bigenzura ubuziranenge no kugenzura buri gihe ubuziranenge bwibintu bitangwa n’amasosiyete yo hanze byategetse ko habaho kwaguka mu kongera umusaruro.
Ati: “Twashinze Volvo mu 1927 kuko twizeraga ko nta muntu utanga imodoka zizewe kandi zifite umutekano uhagije”
Kuri Assar Gabrielsson iterabwoba rikomeye mu kwaguka kwa Volvo ntabwo ryagurishijwe - nicyo cyari gito mubibazo. Inzitizi zikomeye z'ikirango gishya cya Suwede zashizweho ni umusaruro urambye hamwe na serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha.
Mugihe mugihe ibikorwa byo gukora byari bikiri byiza kandi igitekerezo cya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha ni mirage, biratangaje kubona Volvo yari imaze kugira izo mpungenge. Reka duhere kuri ikibazo kirambye.
Ni muri urwo rwego, bizaba bishimishije kwibuka igice cyerekanwe na Assar Gabrielsson mu gitabo cye “Amateka y’imyaka 30 ya Volvo”.
Nkuko tumaze kubyandika mugice cya mbere cyiyi idasanzwe, Assar Gabrielsson yari azi inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga abitanga nk '“ikiganza cyamaboko”. Gabrielsson yari azi ko ibihugu bikomeye byinganda byakoreshaga ibice byigihugu gusa - byari ikibazo cya politiki nubwibone bwigihugu.
Nkurugero, ikirango cyicyongereza nticyigera cyifashisha carburetors yubufaransa, ndetse uzi ko carburetors yubufaransa ishobora kuba nziza kurusha iy'abongereza. Ni nako bigenda ku Badage cyangwa Abanyamerika - bari bafite imbogamizi zitumizwa mu mahanga.
Muri iyi ngingo, kimwe no mubindi byinshi, abashinze Volvo bari pragmatic. Igipimo cyo guhitamo abatanga ibicuruzwa ntabwo cyari ubwenegihugu. Ibipimo byari byoroshye kandi binakora neza: Volvo yaguze gusa ibice byayo kubitanga neza. Ingingo. Biracyari nkuyu munsi. Ntibizera? Gerageza gusura iyi page hanyuma urebe ibipimo ugomba kuba wujuje. Ingeso zishaje zipfa…
BIFITANYE ISANO: Imodoka ya Volvo itandukanye kubera imyitwarire yayo
Ndashimira iyi ngamba Volvo yungutse muburyo bubiri : (1) yongereye irushanwa hamwe nabayitanga (kunguka ibiganiro); (2) kubona ibice byiza byimodoka zabo.
Icyiciro cya kabiri: nyuma yo kugurisha . Kimwe mu bintu byinshi byagize uruhare mu gutsinda kwa Volvo kuva mu myaka ya mbere ni ukwita ku bakiriya. Gustav Larson, mugihe cyiterambere ryikitegererezo, buri gihe yatekerezaga buri gihe guhangayikishwa nubwizerwe bwikitegererezo hamwe n'umuvuduko no koroshya gusana.
Bitewe niyi ngamba, Volvo yashoboye kongera abakiriya no kunoza irushanwa ryayo.
Icyamamare cya Volvo kubwizerwa no kwitabira byihuse bidatinze ku isoko. Amasosiyete atwara abantu, azi ko 'igihe ari amafaranga', yatangiye gusaba Volvo no gukora imodoka zubucuruzi. Volvo yashubije iki cyifuzo ikomoka kuri "kamyo" ikomoka kuri ÖV4 - yari imaze gutekerezwa kuva 1926.
Wari ubizi? Kugeza hagati ya 1950, Volvo ikora amakamyo na bisi yarenze umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga byoroheje.
Hagati aho, ku kibaho cyo gushushanya Volvo, itsinda ryambere ryubwubatsi ryateguye uzasimbura ÖV4. Moderi yambere ya "post-Jakob" yari Volvo PV4 (1928), ku ishusho hepfo.
Volvo PV4 nihame rya Weymann
Icyitegererezo cyagaragaye mumarushanwa bitewe nubuhanga bwo gukora inganda zindege. Chassis ya PV4 yubatswe hafi ya Ihame rya Weymann , uburyo bwari bugizwe no gukoresha inkwi hamwe na patenti kugirango ubyare imiterere yimodoka.
Nkesha ubu buhanga, PV4 yari yoroshye, yihuta kandi ituje kuruta imodoka nyinshi icyo gihe. Uyu mwaka (1928), Volvo yagurishije ibice 996 hanyuma ifungura abahagarariye hanze ya Suwede. Yiswe Oy Volvo Auto AB kandi yari ifite icyicaro i Helsinki, muri Finlande.
Umwaka ukurikira (1929) wageze kuri moteri ya gatandatu ya silinderi ya mbere ijyanye na PV 651 n'ibiyikomokaho, ku ishusho ikurikira.
Usibye kumurongo wa moteri itandatu-silinderi, kimwe mubintu byaranze iyi moderi ni sisitemu yo gufata feri yimodoka - ubukanishi kuri PV651 na hydraulics kuri PV652. Kuri Kuri Ibisobanuro, i amasosiyete ya tagisi yatangiye gushakisha moderi ya Volvo. Volvo yafunze 1929 hamwe n’imodoka 1.383 zagurishijwe - yari umwaka wambere ikirango cyungutse.
Kuzamuka no kumanuka (1930-1940)
Umwaka ukurikira, 1930, nawo wari umwaka wo kwaguka. Ikirangantego cyashyize ahagaragara moderi yacyo ya mbere irindwi, sogokuru wa Volvo XC90 y'ubu. Yiswe TR671 (TR yari impfunyapfunyo yijambo tr ansporte ,. 6 bihuye numubare wa silinderi na 7 umubare wintebe) mubikorwa byari verisiyo ndende ya PV651.
Kubera ko umusaruro wiyongera kandi ukazamuka, Volvo yahisemo kugura moteri yayo, Pentaverken. Isosiyete yitangiye gukora moteri igamije amato ninganda - uyumunsi yitwa Volvo Penta . Volvo yashakaga Pentaverken 100% yibanze kuri moteri yimodoka.
Kugeza ubu Volvo yari imaze kugira 8% by'isoko rya Scandinaviya kandi ikoresha abantu magana. Muri 1931 Volvo yagabanije inyungu kubanyamigabane bwa mbere.
Kandi tuvuze abanyamigabane, reka dufungure indi mirongo mike muriyi nkuru kugirango tuvuge ibi bikurikira: nubwo sosiyete ya SKV yari ifite akamaro gakomeye mumyaka ya mbere ya Volvo (niba utazi ibyo tuvuga, soma hano) , abashoramari bato bari bafite akamaro gakomeye mubuzima bwimari yikimenyetso mumyaka yambere.
Nubwo Volvo yakuruye bamwe mu bihangange mu nganda, Assar Gabrielsson yerekanye mu gitabo cye ko abashoramari ba mbere ari ba rwiyemezamirimo bato, rubanda rusanzwe.
Mu 1932, tubikesha ubuhanga bwa Pentaverken, Volvo yerekanye muburyo bwayo ubwihindurize bwa mbere bwa moteri itandatu ya moteri. Kwimurwa byiyongereye kuri litiro 3,3, ingufu ziyongera kuri 66 hp naho gukoresha byagabanutseho 20%. Ikindi kintu gishya cyarimo kwakirwa na misa yimashini ya synbox. Volvo yageze ku ntambwe ya 10,000!
Mu 1934 honyine, igurishwa rya Volvo ryageze ku bihumbi 3.000 - ibice 2,934 kugira ngo bisobanuke neza - muri byo 775 byoherejwe mu mahanga.
Mu gutegereza iyi nzira Mu 1932, Assar Gabrielsson yahaye akazi injeniyeri uzwi cyane witwa Ivan Örnberg kugirango atezimbere ibisekuru bishya bya moderi ya Volvo.
Hanyuma PV36 (izwi kandi nka Carioca) na PV51 muri 1935 - reba ingoro. Byombi, hamwe nigishushanyo cyahumetswe nabanyamerika, kizwi nka streamline. Igishushanyo cyari kigezweho kandi tekinoroji yakoreshejwe nayo. Ku nshuro yambere, Volvo yakoresheje ihagarikwa ryigenga.
Bitewe nigiciro cyahinduwe kubwiza butangwa, PV51 yagurishijwe neza. Imbaraga za 86 hp kuri "gusa" kg 1.500 yuburemere yatumye iyi moderi yihuta ugereranije nabayibanjirije.
Muri iyi shusho yerekana amashusho: P36 ibumoso na P51 iburyo.
Uyu kandi niwo mwaka Volvo yatandukanije na SKF - ibi bice bigize uruganda byashakaga kwibanda ku "bucuruzi bwibanze". Ku cyemezo cy’inama yubuyobozi ya AB Volvo, ikirango cyinjiye mu isoko ryimigabane rya Stockholm mu gushakisha abashoramari bashya. Agaciro ka Volvo kariyongereye.
Kugeza 1939, ibintu byose byagenze neza kuri Volvo. Igurisha ryiyongereye uko umwaka utashye, kandi inyungu ihuye niyi mbaraga zingana. Ariko, Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yatangiye kugira ngo ihindure imigambi. Kugeza ubu, Volvo yakoraga imodoka zirenga 7000 ku mwaka.
Kubera ibura rya peteroli nimbaraga zintambara, mumwaka wa 1940 amabwiriza yatangiye gutanga inzira yo gusiba. Volvo yagombaga kumenyera.
Imodoka za gisivili zagabanutse cyane kandi biha imodoka n’imodoka n’ubucuruzi by’abasirikare ba Suwede. Volvo nayo yatangiye kubyara uburyo bwitwa ECG byahinduye umwotsi kuva gutwika inkwi mo gaze ikoresha moteri yo gutwika lisansi.
Amashusho yuburyo bwa "ECG"
Volvo igezweho
Twasoje iki gice cya 2 cyimyaka 90 idasanzwe ya Volvo hamwe nu Burayi hagati yintambara ya kabiri yisi yose. Bitandukanye nibirango byinshi, Volvo yarokotse iki gihe cyumwijima mumateka yacu.
Kuri igice gikurikira reka tumenye amateka ya PV444 (ku ishusho hepfo), Volvo yambere nyuma yintambara. Icyitegererezo cyateye imbere mugihe cyacyo kandi wenda kimwe mubyingenzi mumateka yikimenyetso. Inkuru irakomeza - nyuma yicyumweru! - hano kuri Ledger Automobile. Komeza ukurikirane.
Ku ishusho hepfo - ifoto ya Volvo PV 444 LS, Amerika.
