Imyaka mike ishize iragora inganda zimodoka. Usibye ishoramari rinini ryo kwisubiraho nk'abubaka imodoka z'amashanyarazi (zigiye gukomeza), habaye ihungabana ryatewe n'icyorezo, hakurikiraho ikibazo cya semiconductor, gikomeje kugira ingaruka ku musaruro w'imodoka ku isi.
Ariko ikindi kibazo kiri hafi: kubura magnesium . Nk’uko amatsinda y’inganda abitangaza, harimo n’abakora metallurgjiya n’abatanga imodoka, ububiko bwa magnesium bw’iburayi bugera mu mpera zUgushyingo.
Magnesium ni ikintu cyingenzi mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga. Ibyuma ni kimwe mu "bikoresho" bikoreshwa mu gukora aluminiyumu, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’imodoka, ikora hafi ya byose: kuva ku mibiri yumubiri kugeza kuri moteri, binyuze mubintu byubaka, ibice byo guhagarika cyangwa ibitoro.
Kubura magnesium, irashobora kugira ubushobozi bwo guhagarika inganda zose mugihe uhujwe no kubura semiconductor.
Kuki kubura magnesium?
Mu ijambo: Ubushinwa. Igihangange cyo muri Aziya gitanga 85% ya magnesium ikenewe kwisi yose. Mu Burayi, kwishingikiriza kuri magnesium 'Igishinwa' birarenze, igihugu cya Aziya gitanga 95% bya magnesium ikenewe.
Ihungabana ry’itangwa rya magnesium, ryatangiye kuva muri Nzeri, riterwa n’ikibazo cy’ingufu Ubushinwa bwakomeje guhangana n’amezi ashize, igisubizo cy’umuyaga mwinshi wabaye.
Kuva mu ntara nkuru z’Ubushinwa zitanga amakara yibasiwe n’umwuzure (ibikoresho nyamukuru bikoreshwa mu mashanyarazi mu gihugu), kugeza igihe kongera ibicuruzwa bikomoka mu Bushinwa nyuma yo gufungwa, kugeza ku isoko rikomeye (nko kugenzura ibiciro), byabaye ibintu bitera ikibazo nigihe kirekire.
Ongeraho kuri ibi bintu byimbere ninyuma nkibihe bikabije, kwishingikiriza cyane ku mbaraga zishobora kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi cyangwa kugabanuka k'umusaruro, kandi ikibazo cy'ingufu z'Ubushinwa ntabwo gisa nkicyarangiye.
Ingaruka zagaragaye cyane cyane mu nganda, zagiye zita ku kugabanya ingufu, bivuze ko hafunzwe by'agateganyo inganda nyinshi (zishobora kuva ku masaha menshi ku munsi kugeza ku minsi myinshi mu cyumweru), harimo n'izitanga ibikenewe cyane magnesium nizindi nganda, nkimodoka.
Noneho ubu?
Komisiyo y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ivuga ko iri mu biganiro n’Ubushinwa kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana bwa magnesium byihuse ku mugabane wa Afurika, mu gihe harebwa ibisubizo birebire byo gukemura no kwikuramo ubwo “bushingiye ku ngamba”.
Biteganijwe ko igiciro cya magnesium "cyazamutse", kikazamuka hejuru yikubye kabiri amayero 4045 yumwaka ushize kuri toni. Mu Burayi, ububiko bwa magnesium bugurishwa ku giciro kiri hagati yama euro 8600 na toni zirenga ibihumbi 12 kuri toni.
Inkomoko: Reuters