Ugereranije nabantu benshi, ibikoresho bya semiconductor (muriki gihe ubuke bwabo) byabaye intandaro yikibazo giheruka inganda zimodoka zahuye nazo.
Mugihe mugihe ibinyabiziga bigenda byifashisha imizunguruko, chip hamwe nibitunganya, kubura ibikoresho bya semiconductor byatumye umusaruro utinda, guhagarara kumurongo hamwe no gushakisha ibisubizo "byubwenge" nkibisubizo Peugeot yabibonye kuri 308.
Ariko ibyo bikoresho bya semiconductor bigizwe niki, ubuke bwabyo bwatumye umusaruro uhagarara mu nganda? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imikoreshereze bafite?
Niki?
Muri make, uko bishoboka kwose, ibikoresho bya semiconductor bisobanurwa nkibikoresho bishobora gukora nkumuyoboro wamashanyarazi cyangwa nka insulator bitewe nibintu bitandukanye (nkubushyuhe bwibidukikije, umurima wa electromagnetiki urimo, cyangwa ibice bya molekile).Yakuwe muri kamere, hari ibintu byinshi kumeza yibihe bikora nka semiconductor. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda ni silicon (Si) na germanium (Ge), ariko hariho izindi nka sulfure (S), boron (B) na kadmium (Cd).
Iyo mumeze neza, ibyo bikoresho byitwa insimburangingo (aho kwibanda kwabatwara ibintu neza bingana nubunini bwabatwara nabi).
Izikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitwa igice cya semiconductor kandi barangwa no kumenyekanisha umwanda - atome y'ibindi bikoresho, nka fosifore (P) -, binyuze muri doping, ibemerera kugenzurwa, nta gushungura mu tuntu duto (hari ubwoko bubiri bwanduye ko) ibisubizo muburyo bubiri bwa semiconductor, "N" na "P"), ibiranga amashanyarazi no gutwara amashanyarazi.
Niki usaba?
Urebye hirya no hino, hari ibintu byinshi nibice bikenera "serivise" yibikoresho bya semiconductor.
Ikoreshwa ryingenzi cyane ni mugukora transistor, ikintu gito cyavumbuwe mu 1947 kiganisha kuri "revolution ya elegitoronike" kandi gikoreshwa muguhindura cyangwa guhana ibimenyetso bya elegitoronike nimbaraga zamashanyarazi.
Iki kintu gito, cyakozwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya semiconductor, kiri murwego rwo gukora chip, microprocessor hamwe nibitunganya biboneka mubikoresho byose bya elegitoronike tubana buri munsi.
Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya semiconductor nabyo bikoreshwa mugukora diode, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’imodoka ni diode itanga urumuri, izwi cyane nka LED (diode itanga urumuri).