Nyuma yumwuga watsindiye gukora cyane cyane kuri Renault-Nissan Alliance, Vincent Cobée yimukiye muri mukeba we PSA (ubu ni Stellantis nyuma yo guhuzwa na Fiat Chrysler Automobiles), aho yabaye umuyobozi mukuru (CEO) wa Citroën hashize umwaka urenga.
Amaze kurokoka umwaka w'icyorezo, yizera ko gukira bizubakwa hamwe n'ibiranga intego kandi bigahitamo amashanyarazi.
Nkuko bigaragara, kurugero, muri Citroën C4 iherutse gushyirwa ahagaragara, atekereza ko ishobora kuba ifite agaciro ka kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibicuruzwa by’i Burayi bigurishwa ndetse no muri iki gihe gishya.
Citroën kuri Stellantis
Ikigereranyo cya Automotive (RA) - Itsinda rya Stellantis rihuza ibirango byinshi none ryinjiye muri bimwe bikubiyemo ibice rusange byamasoko kandi bifite aho bihuriye. Kubijyanye na Citroën, Fiat ni "mushiki" usa cyane… ibi bizaguhatira guhindura umurongo w'icyitegererezo?
Vincent Cobée (VC) - Ibirango byinshi bibaho mumatsinda amwe, niko bisobanurwa kandi byizewe ubutumwa bwa buriwese. Ninzira Citroën yakomeye kandi izarushaho gukomera.
Kurundi ruhande, nubwo maze umwaka nigice gusa ndi kumwe nisosiyete, ubushobozi bwa Groupe PSA (ubu ni Stellantis) bwo guhuza imikorere yubukungu bwimikoranire hamwe no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa nibyiza muruganda kandi ibi ntabwo ari an igitekerezo, ahubwo, nimibare irabigaragaza (ni itsinda ryimodoka rifite inyungu nyinshi zikorwa kwisi).
Dufashe Peugeot 3008, Citroën C5 Aircross na Opel Grandland X, tubona ko ari imodoka zitandukanye ntabwo zigaragara gusa, ahubwo no mubitekerezo byo gutwara. Kandi iyi niyo nzira dukeneye kunyuramo.
RA - Biragoye bite kubona umutungo wamafaranga kubirango byawe hagati yinama yubuyobozi ikora cyane aho buri muyobozi agerageza kubona byinshi kuri Perezida witsinda rya Stellantis?
VC - Ushaka kumenya niba numva ndimo kwitabwaho cyane kuko hari abantu benshi kumeza basaba kimwe? Nibyiza… kwiyongera mumarushanwa yimbere nibyiza mugukarisha ibyumviro no kuduhatira guhuza cyane indangagaciro zacu. Byongeye kandi, Carlos Tavares arasobanutse neza mubitekerezo bye ko uko ibisubizo byiza biranga, ari nako imbaraga zitangwa.
Icyorezo, ingaruka n'ingaruka
RA - Igice cya mbere cya 2020 cyari kigoye cyane kuri Citroën (kugurisha byagabanutseho 45%) hanyuma habaho gukira gato kurangiza umwaka (gusoza umwaka hafi 25% munsi ya 2019). Ndashaka kugira igitekerezo cyawe kumwaka udasanzwe wa 2020 kandi nkamenya niba Citroën igira ingaruka kubura chips inganda zihura nazo.
VC - Kuvuga ko igice cya mbere cyumwaka cyari kigoye ni ugusuzugura cyane. Niba dushobora gukuramo ikintu cyiza muri iki gihe, ni ukwihangana gukomeye Itsinda ryacu ryerekanye muriyi mvururu. Kandi ubukungu bwaboneka, nkuko twashoboye kuba uruganda rwinjiza amafaranga menshi kwisi. Twakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo turinde abakozi, ibirango ndetse n’abakiriya mu kibazo cy’icyorezo cy’icyorezo ndetse n’ingorabahizi yo kuba hagati yo guhuza PSA-FCA, ivuga byinshi ku kuntu Perezida Carlos Tavares yatsinze.
Kubijyanye no kubura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, abakora imodoka bahuye nibiharuro bimwe na bimwe nabatanga isoko rya Tier 2 na Tier 3 bahanuye ko kugurisha imodoka kwisi bitarenze ibyo byagaragaye mugihe bagabanije umusaruro wabo. Kubwamahirwe, twashoboye guhangana nikibazo kurusha abandi bahanganye kuko twarushijeho gukomera, ariko sinshobora kwemeza ko mugihe runaka bitazatubabaza.
RA - Covid-19 igira ingaruka nkuburyo imodoka zigurishwa kuburyo umuyoboro wo kugurisha kumurongo uzaba itegeko aho kuba usibye?
VC - Biragaragara ko icyorezo cyihutishije inzira zari zimaze gutangira kandi digitifike yo kugura ni imwe murimwe. Ibintu nk'ibyo byari byarabaye ku ntebe no gutondekanya ingendo mu myaka mike mbere yaho, nubwo kuri twe habayeho kurwanya cyane guhagarika inganda za analogue kubera ibizamini byo kugerageza, ibyiyumvo, kumva imbere yimodoka, nibindi.
Abashushanya kurubuga bari bamaze kugabanya umubare wicyitegererezo umukiriya yatekereje mbere yo gufata icyemezo cya nyuma: hashize imyaka icumi, umuguzi yasuye abadandaza batandatu murwego rwose, uyumunsi ntabwo asura ibirenze bibiri, ugereranije.
"Imwe muri ebyiri C4 irashobora kuba amashanyarazi muri iki gisekuru"
RA - Urareba umukiriya mushya wa Citroën C4 hamwe na philosophie yayo nshya?
VC - Mu myaka itanu ishize, Citroën yakoze reposition yingirakamaro hamwe nigisekuru gishya cyicyitegererezo nka C3, Berlingo, C3 Aircross, C5 Aircross, kwamamaza, ariko kandi hamwe na serivise nshya zidufasha kwiteza imbere guhatanira kuranga.
Ntabwo ari ibanga ko hakenewe cyane SUV hamwe numubiri wambukiranya kandi duhindura itangwa ryacu mubitekerezo. Kubireba C4 nshya, hariho ubwihindurize busobanutse mubijyanye nururimi rwashushanyije, hamwe numwanya wo hejuru wo gutwara, kwiyongera kumibereho myiza no guhumurizwa mubwato (mumateka mumico ya Citroën yibanze) kandi, byanze bikunze, umudendezo wo guhitamo sisitemu eshatu zitandukanye (peteroli, mazutu n'amashanyarazi) hamwe nikinyabiziga kimwe. Nizera ko Citroën iri mugihe cyiza cyayo.
RA - Uvuze udushya nka kimwe mubiranga C4 nshya, ariko ibi birasa cyane nibindi binyabiziga dushobora gusanga mubindi bicuruzwa bitatu cyangwa bitatu mumatsinda ya Stellantis…
VC - Niba turebye itangwa rya hatchbacks (imibumbe ibiri) muri C-segment, dusanga ahanini imodoka zisa: umurongo muto, isura ya siporo, ibiranga intego nyinshi.
Gutegura ibinyabiziga bifite umwanya wo hejuru wo gutwara (byemerera kugaragara neza, gutaka neza kubutaka, kubigeraho no gusohoka byoroshye) kumutima wa C-igice, mbona ari igisubizo cyubwenge, sibyo kuko twahisemo kubungabunga imiterere nziza yimikorere yumubiri. Muburyo bumwe, ibyiza byisi byombi.
RA - Uratekereza ko ijanisha ryo kugurisha verisiyo yamashanyarazi ya C4 (ë-C4) izasigara cyangwa, kurundi ruhande, utekereza ko Igiciro cyawe cyo Kurushanwa cyose (TCO) kizagurisha kugurisha verisiyo yamashanyarazi kumugabane munini kuruta niba ushobora kubitekereza?
VC - Dutangirana na 15% byateganijwe kumashanyarazi C4, ariko nzi neza ko uyu mugabane uziyongera uko umwaka utashye kugeza ubuzima bwa C4 burangiye. Umwaka urashize, ubwo Covid-19 yari itangiye, kugura imodoka yamashanyarazi byari imvugo mbonezamubano, mubyukuri guhitamo kare.
Noneho ibintu birahinduka (kubera ishyirwa mubikorwa ryamabwiriza mashya akomeye, iterambere ryibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza hamwe nihindagurika ryikoranabuhanga) kandi imodoka zamashanyarazi ziragenda zamamara cyane kuko zigabanuka cyane kubiciro birenga 50.000 byama euro hanyuma bigatangira kutagikenera. umukoresha gufata ibyemezo bitandukanye mubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Sinzi niba dushobora kubyita inzozi cyangwa guhanura, ariko ndatekereza ko mugihe cyimyaka itanu ivangwa ryagurishijwe ryamashanyarazi C4 rishobora kuba hagati ya 30% na 50% yibicuruzwa byose byagurishijwe muburayi. Kugirango ibi bishoboke, umukiriya agomba kugira amahirwe yo kugura imodoka imwe, hamwe nubugari bwimbere bwimbere, ubushobozi bwimizigo, nibindi kandi bigakoreshwa namashanyarazi, nimwe muribintu bitandukanye.
Inshingano yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi
RA - Niba uku kwiyongera kwihuse kubisabwa (kuva 15% kugeza 50%) kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) byemejwe mugihe gito, Citroën yiteguye kubyitabira?
VC - Ibintu bibiri bizabaho mubuzima bwose bwa C4 nshya ishobora guhindura igisubizo cyiki kibazo. Kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo n'imitekerereze y'abakiriya kuruhande rumwe (kuko ni ngombwa kumva ko km 350 ari intera ihagije kuri 97% yo gukoresha). Kuba peteroli ya C4 / Diesel (MCI cyangwa moteri yaka imbere) hamwe namashanyarazi byubatswe kumurongo umwe wo guterana i Madrid biradufasha guhinduka neza.
Uyu munsi hari umurongo wo guteranya metero zigera kuri 50 aho hateguwe chassis ya verisiyo yamashanyarazi hanyuma akandi gace gasa na verisiyo ya MCI kandi dushobora guhindura ingano yumusaruro hagati yibi bice byombi nta shoramari ryinshi. Muyandi magambo, ubushobozi bwo kuva kuri 10% kugeza kuri 60% ya EV mubicuruzwa byose byubatswe byubatswe muruganda kandi nikintu cyatwara ibyumweru bike, ntabwo imyaka.
RA - Kandi abaguzi bawe biteguye gusubiza iri hinduka ritunguranye, birashoboka?
VC - Mugihe cyubuzima bwiyi C4 ntituzabura rwose kuzamura ibiranga bateri binyuze muri chimie nziza ya selile hamwe na "packaging" ya batiri.
Ariko icyangombwa mubyukuri muriki kibazo nuko mugihe cyubuzima bwiyi C4 nshya tugiye guhindura kuva muri bateri yo muri Aziya tugahinduka imwe yatanzwe numushinga wingenzi twakoranye na Total / Saft kugirango dutezimbere kandi dutezimbere inganda za batiri. Muburayi bwiburengerazuba. . Ibi bizazana inyungu zubukungu, politiki n’imibereho, ariko kandi bizaduha gusobanukirwa neza ninganda zose. Yego rero yaba igisubizo cyikibazo cyawe.
Muraho neza? Ntabwo aribyo
RA - Ibihugu byinshi na OEM (ababikora) bimaze gusobanura igihe imodoka ya moteri yaka izava. Ibi bizabera ryari Citroën?
VC - Ni ingingo igoye cyane. Icyatsi kibisi cyashyizeho amategeko akomeye muri 2025 na 2030 kandi ibi bizagira ingaruka kumusaruro no kugurisha mu mpera ziyi myaka icumi.
Ariko niba ushyizeho urwego mpuzandengo rwa CO2 zangiza 50 g / km muri 2030, ikintu kiragaragara: 50 ntabwo ari zeru. Bikaba bivuze ko hazaba hakiri icyumba cya moteri yaka mugihe twimukiye mumyaka icumi iri imbere kandi kuvanga bizaba bigizwe na VE, imashini icomeka, imvange hamwe n’ibivange “byoroheje-bivangavanze” - birashoboka cyane ko mu 2030 bitazabaho. moteri ya mazutu. gutwikwa neza nta rwego rwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
Hariho urundi rwego ruzava mubyo imijyi izashyiraho mubijyanye n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kubuza mazutu cyangwa moteri ya lisansi mugihe kiri hagati ya 2030 na 2040. Icyo tuvuga uyu munsi kuri Citroën nuko moderi nshya twatangije ubu izaba ifite verisiyo yamashanyarazi. umunsi umwe.
Hanyuma noneho tuzahindura portfolio dukurikije ibigaragara nkibikenewe, hamwe nibikorwa remezo byo kwishyiriraho aribyo bitera “traffic jam”: iyo EV ibaye imodoka yonyine murugo, hagomba kubaho kuboneka kandi byizewe umuyoboro, ndetse no mugihe gikenewe cyane, kandi hagomba kubaho uburyo bwubucuruzi bwunguka kubatanga ingufu, nikibazo kitarakemuka…
Ni ryari Citroën izakora imodoka zamashanyarazi gusa? Nicyo kibazo cya miliyoni y'amadorari. Mu nganda, tuzaba twiteguye kubaka imodoka zamashanyarazi gusa muri 2025 kandi dushyigikiye iryo hinduka hamwe numurongo wicyitegererezo hamwe nigihe kizaza. Ariko ibyo ntibizabaho vuba aha.
RA - Ubufaransa birashoboka ko aricyo gihugu cyaguyemo Diesel kandi nubwo itangazwa ryurupfu rwacyo ryakozwe inshuro nyinshi, hari ibimenyetso bimwe byerekana ko bishobora kubaho igihe kirekire kuruta uko byari byitezwe ...
VC - Kugabanuka kugurisha kwa moteri ya Diesel mubyukuri ni ukuri, umugabane wabo ku isoko umaze kuva kuri 50% ugera kuri 35% mumyaka itatu ishize muburayi bwiburengerazuba. Kandi iyo dusuzumye ibizakenerwa kugira moteri ya mazutu yujuje ubuziranenge bwa Euro7, tumenya ko bizabahenze gutera inshinge zose zo kweza kuruta gukora imodoka yamashanyarazi. Niba ari umurwayi winjiye mubitaro, twavuga ko prognoz yabitswe cyane.
Batteri ya leta ikomeye, mubyukuri…
RA - Batteri ya leta ikomeye, iteganijwe mugihe kizaza giciriritse, isezeranya guhindura "umukino", itanga ubwigenge bwinshi, kwishyurwa byihuse nigiciro gito. Nibyumvikana gushora imari muri chimie ya lithium hanyuma ukajugunya kure ibyo byose?
VC - Mumyaka yanjye nkumuyobozi ushinzwe igenamigambi muri Mitsubishi (2017-19), nagize amanama menshi kandi mara umwanya munini ngerageza kumenya itariki iboneye yo kuvumbura neza bateri-ikomeye. Muri 2018, ikigereranyo cyiza cyane ni 2025; ubu, muri 2021, intego yacu ni 2028-30. Ibi bivuze ko mumyaka itatu twatakaje imyaka ine.
Iyi ni inzira ya Darwin, bivuze ko ari byiza kurota uko ubuzima buzaba bumeze nyuma yimyaka 10, ariko kandi ni ngombwa kudapfa munzira. Sinshidikanya ko bateri zikomeye-zizazana inyungu mubijyanye nubwigenge, uburemere nuburyo bugaragara, ariko sinizera ko bizaba impamo mugihe cyubuzima bwiyi nshyashya ë-C4 twatangije. Mbere yibyo, trillioni zashowe muri chimie ya Li-ion izateshwa agaciro mumyaka 10 cyangwa 15 kubicuruzwa bigezweho kandi bigufi-bigufi-bigurishwa kugirango isoko ryibiciro rirushanwe.
RA - Bishatse kuvuga ko bigaragaye ko byoroheye inganda zikoresha amamodoka ko chimie ya bateri izakurikiraho ifata igihe kinini kugirango igere?
VC - Nta na kimwe muri ibyo. Ibitekerezo nkibi byubugambanyi ntabwo byumvikana kuri njye kuko iterambere rya batiri ahanini riri mumaboko yabaduhaye. Usibye kuba haramutse habaye ikarito yo gukingira batiri ya lithium-ion yagura muburyo bwubukorikori bwubuzima bwa chimie, hazajya habaho Nio cyangwa Byton (ndr: Abashinwa batangiye bashaka guhindura impinduka kumasoko yimodoka yamashanyarazi) kugaragara ntahantu hamwe nubu buryo bushya bwikoranabuhanga.
Kurundi ruhande, nizera ko mugihe bateri ya lithium ion itangiye gukoreshwa, igiciro kuri kilowati kizaba kiri munsi y $ 100 naho leta-ikomeye ishobora kugura amadorari 90 / kWt. Hazabaho, nkibyo, nta mpinduramatwara yikiguzi, gusa ubwihindurize.
Retro ntabwo yari inzira yahisemo
RA - Volkswagen ifite gahunda yo kongera gusobanura ibyamamare "Pão de Forma" kandi Renault iherutse kwerekana icyifuzo gishimishije cyo kuvuka kwa R5, imishinga yombi ikaba ari amashanyarazi. Citroën ifite kandi Ami ikura genes zimwe muri 2 CV kandi, mubitekerezo, ifata ikintu muri vintage Ami. Haba hari retro-VE izatera imbere kuri Citroën?
VC - Mu myaka 25 ishize twabonye imyitozo myinshi yo gushushanya imodoka ya neo-retro, ariko ntabwo ari Citroën. Ibyo dukorana na Ami nuguhanga ibishoboka byose, tugakomeza filozofiya yikimenyetso.
Ubwiza bwiki kirango nuko bufite umurage ukize cyane kandi tugomba kwitonda cyane muri ubu butumwa bunini bwo kwandika amwe mumapaji yacyo. Nibirango byegeranijwe cyane kwisi kuko byari bifite ibihe byubwenge byahinduye societe. Byari byoroshye gukoresha izina 2 CV kuri Ami nshya (ndetse nuburyo Windows ifungura birasa cyane), ariko twahisemo kutabikora.
Twagaruye izina Ami (“inshuti” mu gifaransa) kuko rifitanye isano cyane numwuka wacu wakira hamwe nubumuntu. Twatewe inkunga na kahise kacu, ariko turagerageza guhanga udushya icyarimwe: ntibisanzwe ko, mugihe kizaza mumijyi, umuntu ashobora guhitamo gusa hagati yubwikorezi rusange n imodoka yamashanyarazi igura amayero arenga 50.000. Abantu bagomba kugira uburenganzira bwo kugenda kugiti cyabo ku giciro cyiza kumyaka iyo ari yo yose.
Kandi ibyo nibyifuzo bya Ami, ntabwo yibuka kera-yibuka kumuziga ntayindi mpamvu itari iyo.
RA - Urashobora gukora Ami igicuruzwa cyunguka kuva mugitangira?
VC - Turimo kugerageza kwemeza ko tutatwaye amafaranga yikigo hamwe na Ami. Imodoka yabaye igishushanyo kiranga kandi itwemerera guhura nabakiriya bacu tutari twigeze tugeraho mbere. Nibinyabiziga bitangaje nkuko tutigeze tubibona kera.