Moteri eshatu. Hano harumuntu wese udahindura izuru iyo bigeze kuri moteri eshatu.
Twumvise hafi ya byose kuri bo: “Gura imodoka ifite moteri ya silindari eshatu? Nta na rimwe! "; “Ibi ni ibibazo gusa”; “Genda gake kandi ukoreshe byinshi”. Nibintu bito gusa byerekana urwikekwe rujyanye niyi nyubako.
Bimwe ni ukuri, bimwe sibyo, kandi bimwe ni imigani gusa. Iyi ngingo igamije gushyira ibintu byose muri «isahani isukuye».
Moteri ya silindari eshatu niyo yizewe? Ubwose, nibyiza cyangwa nibyiza kubusa?
Nubwo izina ryiza ryubwubatsi, ubwihindurize bwikoranabuhanga muri moteri yaka byatumye ibibi byayo bitagaragara. Ese imikorere, gukoresha, kwizerwa no gutwara ibinyabiziga biracyari ikibazo?
Mu mirongo mike iri imbere tuzakusanya amakuru n'imibare bijyanye na moteri. Ariko reka duhere ku ntangiriro ...
Amashanyarazi atatu yambere
Amashanyarazi atatu yambere kumasoko yatugezeho mukiganza cyabayapani, nubwo muburyo buteye ubwoba. Isoni ariko zuzuye imbaraga. Ninde utibuka Daihatsu Charade GTti? Nyuma yiyi, izindi moderi zerekana imvugo ntoya yakurikiranye.
Moteri yambere nini nini ya moteri yuburayi butatu bwa silinderi yagaragaye gusa muri za 90. Ndavuga kuri moteri ya Ecotec 1.0 yo muri Opel, yakoresheje Corsa B, hanyuma nyuma yimyaka mike, moteri ya 1.2 MPI yo mumatsinda ya Volkswagen, ibikoresho byayo. Moderi nka Volkswagen Polo IV.
Izi moteri zari zihuriye he? Bari abanyantege nke. Ugereranije na bine-bine ya bagenzi babo, baranyeganyega cyane, bagenda gake kandi batwarwa nigipimo kimwe.
Moteri ya mazutu itatu ya moteri yakurikiranye, yahuye nibibazo bimwe, ariko yongerewe imiterere ya cycle ya Diesel. Kunonosora byari intege nke, kandi gushimisha gutwara byari byangiritse.
Niba twongeyeho ibibazo byokwizerwa kuriyi, twagize umuyaga mwiza wo gukora urwango kuriyi nyubako ikomeza kugeza uyu munsi.
Ibibazo hamwe na moteri eshatu?
Kuki moteri ya silindari itatu itunganijwe neza? Iki nikibazo kinini. Kandi nikibazo kijyanye nubusumbane burangwa mubishushanyo byacyo.Nkuko moteri zifite numubare udasanzwe wa silinderi, hariho asimmetrie mugukwirakwiza imbaga nimbaraga, bigatuma uburinganire bwimbere bugorana. Nkuko mubizi, inzinguzingo ya moteri ya 4 (gufata, kwikuramo, gutwikwa no gusohora) bisaba guhinduranya crankshaft ya dogere 720, muyandi magambo, impinduka ebyiri zuzuye.
Muri moteri ya silindari enye, burigihe hariho silinderi imwe murwego rwo gutwika, itanga akazi ko kohereza. Muri moteri eshatu-silinderi ibi ntibibaho.
Kugira ngo uhangane niki kintu, ibirango byongeramo crankshaft, cyangwa ibinini binini kugirango wirinde kunyeganyega. Ariko kuri revisiyo yo hasi ntibishoboka guhisha ubusumbane bwawe busanzwe.
Kubijyanye nijwi riva mumyuka, nkuko binanirwa gutwikwa kuri dogere 720, nabyo ntibisanzwe.
Ni izihe nyungu za moteri eshatu?
Nibyiza. Noneho ko tumaze kumenya "uruhande rwijimye" rwa moteri eshatu, reka twibande ku nyungu zabo - nubwo inyinshi muri zo zishobora kuba ari theoretical.
Impamvu yibanze yo gufata iyi nyubako ijyanye no kugabanya ubukana bwa mashini. Ibice bigenda byimuka, imbaraga nke ziratakara.
Ugereranije na moteri enye, moteri ya silindari itatu igabanya ubukana bwa mashini kugeza kuri 25%.
Niba tuzirikana ko hagati ya 4 kugeza 15% yo gukoresha bishobora gusobanurwa gusa no guteranya imashini, dore inyungu zacu. Ariko sibyo byonyine.
Kuraho silinderi nayo ituma moteri irushaho kuba yoroshye kandi yoroshye. Hamwe na moteri ntoya, injeniyeri zifite umudendezo mwinshi wo gukora gahunda yo guhindura ibintu cyangwa gukora umwanya wo kongeramo ibisubizo.
Igiciro cy'umusaruro nacyo gishobora kuba gito. Kugabana ibice hagati ya moteri nukuri mubirango byose, ariko kimwe mubishimishije ni BMW, hamwe nuburyo bwayo. Imashini ya BMW eshatu (1.5), silindari enye (2.0) na moteri esheshatu (3.0) zisangira ibyinshi mubice.
Ikirangantego cya Bavarian kongeramo module (soma silinderi) ukurikije imyubakire yifuzwa, hamwe na module ipima cm 500. Iyi videwo irakwereka uburyo:
Izi nyungu, zose zongeweho, zemerera moteri ya silindari eshatu gutangaza ibicuruzwa bikabije hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya bihwanye na bagenzi babo bangana na bine, cyane cyane muri NEDC yabanje gukoresha no gusohora ibyuka.
Ariko, mugihe ibizamini bikozwe ukurikije protocole nyinshi zisaba nka WLTP, kubutegetsi bwo hejuru, inyungu ntabwo igaragara cyane. Nimwe mumpamvu zituma ibirango nka Mazda bitabaza iyi nyubako.
Moteri zigezweho eshatu
Niba ku mizigo myinshi (ivugurura rirerire), itandukaniro riri hagati ya tetracylinder na moteri ya tricylindrical ntigaragaza, kubutegetsi buciriritse kandi buciriritse, moteri ya kijyambere ya silindari itatu hamwe na injeniyeri itaziguye hamwe na turbo bigera kubyo kurya no gusohora cyane.Fata urugero rwa moteri ya 1.0 ya EcoBoost ya Ford - moteri ihembwa cyane mubyiciro byayo - ibasha kugera ku kigereranyo kiri munsi ya 5 l / 100 niba ikibazo cyacu ari ugukoresha peteroli, kandi muri disikuru iruhutse, ntabwo irenga 6 km 100 km.
Indangagaciro zizamuka hejuru yimibare yavuzwe mugihe igitekerezo ari "gukanda" imbaraga zacyo zose ntagahunda.
Iyo umuvuduko uri hejuru, niko inyungu za moteri enye zishira. Kuki? Kuberako hamwe nibyumba bito byo gutwika, moteri ya elegitoronike itegeka inshinge zongeweho lisansi kugirango ikonje icyumba cyaka bityo wirinde guturika mbere yuruvange. Ni ukuvuga, Benzine ikoreshwa mugukonjesha moteri.
Moteri ya silindari eshatu niyo yizewe?
Nubwo izina ribi ryubatswe - nkuko twabibonye, dukesha kahise kayo kuruta kurubu - uyumunsi irizewe nkizindi moteri zose. Reka «umurwanyi muto» abivuze…
Iri terambere riterwa niterambere ryakozwe mubwubatsi bwa moteri mumyaka icumi ishize mubijyanye: ikoranabuhanga (turbo na inshinge), ibikoresho (metallic alloys) no kurangiza (kuvura anti-friction).
Nubwo atari moteri ya silindari eshatu , iyi shusho yerekana ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa muri moteri zubu:
Urashobora kubona imbaraga nyinshi kandi nyinshi mubice bifite ubushobozi buke kandi buke.
Muri kano kanya mubikorwa byimodoka, birenze kwizerwa rya moteri, ni peripheri iri mukaga. Turbos, sensor zitandukanye hamwe na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi bigengwa nakazi ko abakanishi muri iki gihe batagifite ikibazo cyo gukurikira.
Ubutaha rero ubwiwe ko moteri ya silindari eshatu itizewe, urashobora gusubiza: “Bizewe nkubundi bwubatsi”.
Noneho igihe kirageze. Tubwire uburambe bwawe hamwe na moteri eshatu, udusigire igitekerezo!