Icyumweru gishize twatwaye Toyota Yaris GRMN muri Espagne - urashobora kubona amashusho hano. Icyitegererezo nkuko mubizi, ikoresha moteri ya litiro 1.8 ikoreshwa na compressor ya volumetric. Byari urwitwazo rwiza rwo kuvuga kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga mu kindi kiganiro muri Autopédia yacu.
Ingano ya Compressor?!
Volumetric compressor nigice cyumukanishi cyagenewe kongera imbaraga. Bitandukanye nibyo ushobora gutekereza, ni kure yo kuba ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Compressors ya volumetric ya mbere ibanziriza Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Igishushanyo cya mbere cyatangiye mu mpera za 1890 kandi cyageze ku modoka gusa mu 1921, hamwe na porogaramu muri Mercedes-Benz 6/20 PS na 10/35 PS.
Mbere yibyo, ubwo buhanga ni bwo bwatumye bishoboka kongera ingufu, ubwigenge no gutwara ubushobozi bw’indege za bombe zikoreshwa mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.
Ingaruka ifatika isa na turbo: guhagarika umwuka mubyumba byaka kugirango wongere ogisijeni kuri cm3. Umwuka mwinshi wa ogisijeni bisobanura gutwikwa gukomeye, kubwibyo imbaraga nyinshi.
Nubwo ingaruka zifatika zisa, uburyo bakora ntibushobora kuba butandukanye… kuva aha niho ibintu bitangiye kuba ingorabahizi.
Compressors vs Turbos
Mugihe turbos ikanda umwuka muri moteri ukoresheje imyuka isohoka - binyuze muri turbine ebyiri - compressor ya volumetric ikoreshwa na moteri, ikoresheje umukandara (cyangwa pulley) “wiba” imbaraga kuri moteri. Ubu "bujura", nkuko tuzabibona nyuma, ni imwe mu "matako ya Achilles" y'ikoranabuhanga… Ariko ubanza reka tugere ku nyungu.
Nubwo ikoreshwa rya compressor ari imbonekarimwe, ukuri ni uko hari ibyiza kuri ubu bwoko bwibisubizo.
hiyongereyeho igisubizo Byihuse kuruta turbo, guhera kuri revisiyo yo hasi - kubera ko nta gutinda kuberako kubura umuvuduko mwuka wa gaze nka turbos - gutanga amashanyarazi nabyo birasa umurongo. Byongeye kandi, compressor ya volumetric nayo irizewe. Nkuko tubizi, turbos zimwe, mubutegetsi bumwe, zigera kuri 240 000 rpm / min hamwe na 900 ºC.
Reba muriyi videwo uko compressor ya volumetric ikora:
Ariko ntabwo byose aribyiza. Compressor ntibikora neza , cyane cyane kuri revisiyo ndende, bitewe nuko compressor ikenera ingufu za mashini, igakora inertia kuri moteri. Inertia isobanura kugabanuka kwimikorere ya moteri. Tugiye ku ndangagaciro? Mugihe, nkurugero, rwa Mercedes-Benz SL55 AMG, iki gihombo cyumuvuduko mwinshi giteganijwe kurenga 100 hp yingufu.
Izindi ngero zimodoka zabonye moteri zabo zikoresha compressor ya volumetric aho gukoresha turbos ni MINI Cooper S (R53), Mercedes-Benz hamwe na "Kompressor", moteri zimwe za Jaguar V8, moteri ya Audi V6 TFSI (nkuko bimeze kuri dosiye videwo), hamwe na Toyota Yaris GRMN iherutse kwerekana ko tumaze kugerageza, kandi binyuze muri iki gisubizo kibasha gukuramo 212 hp kuri moteri ya litiro 1.8. Harakabaho compressor!
