Ntabwo ureba kure amakuru yisoko mumyaka icumi ishize kugirango urebe ko SUV / Crossovers igenda ihinduka "imbaraga ziganje" kumasoko yimodoka kwisi.
Intsinzi ntabwo ari shyashya kandi yubatswe kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana, ariko mu myaka icumi ishize ni bwo imodoka ya SUV / Crossover yazamutse.
Kandi nta kirango gisa nkikingira - hagomba kubaho abantu batigeze barenga ko Porsche yatangije Cayenne mu ntangiriro ziki kinyejana, nubwo iri mu gisekuru cyayo cya gatatu. Ariko, byaba ari ivuka rya Nissan Qashqai (2006) na Juke (2010) byazamura iyi typologiya.
Noneho, mugihe ibice B na C "byuzuyemo" na SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) na Crossover, ibyasaga nkimyambarire bigenda bigaragara nk "ibisanzwe" mumasoko yimodoka, cyane cyane iyo tubonye ko bigaragara. ahazaza h'inganda - amashanyarazi - arimo kubakwa, hejuru ya byose, muri ubu buryo bw'umubiri.
Bimwe mubibare bya domaine
Nyuma yimyaka icumi yo kubona akamaro ka SUV / Crossover kumasoko yiyongera, intangiriro ya 2021 yemeje uburemere bwibi byifuzo kumasoko yuburayi, aho SUV / Crossover ihagarariye 44% byabiyandikishije muri Mutarama, nkuko bigaragazwa namakuru yatanzwe na JET Dynamics. .
Iyi mibare yemeza gusa icyerekezo giteganijwe. Nk’uko JATO Dynamics ibivuga, mu 2014, ku rwego rw'isi, SUV zagize isoko rya 22.4%. Nibyiza, mumyaka ine gusa iyi mibare yazamutse igera kuri 36.4%, kandi… ikomeza kwiyongera.
Ariko, kimwe nibindi byose, kuri buri gikorwa haba hari reaction kandi kwiyongera kwiganje kwa SUV / Crossover birakorwa hishyurwa ubundi buryo busanzwe bwimiterere yumubiri cyangwa imiterere (na nyuma yayo), bimwe muribi byugarije. Byose.
"Abahohotewe" ba SUV / Crossover intsinzi
Nta mwanya wa buri wese ku isoko kandi kuri bamwe kugirango batsinde abandi bagomba gutsindwa. Nibyo byabaye hamwe na format ndetse yiswe "imodoka y'ejo hazaza", MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle), cyangwa nkuko tubizi hirya no hino, minivans.
Nabo bahageze, babona kandi baratsinze, cyane cyane mu myaka ya za 90 ndetse nimyaka yambere yiki kinyejana. Ariko ntibyari ngombwa ko dutegereza impera yimyaka icumi ishize kugirango tubone MPV zagabanutse ku byifuzo bike mu "mugabane wa kera", kubera ko zaburiwe irengero mu bice bitandukanye by'isoko bigaruriye.
Ariko abatwara abantu ntabwo aribo bonyine bangaga intsinzi ya SUV / Crossover. Muri "vortex" SUV zayo nazo zagize uruhare runini mu kugabanuka gukabije kwa sedan (imibumbe itatu yimibiri), igurishwa ryayo ryagiye rigabanuka uko umwaka utashye, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byinshi (cyane cyane ibya generaliste) babireka.
Coupés (nyayo) cyangwa imibiri yinzugi eshatu zifite siporo nazo zabonye umwanya wazo zifatirwa mubice bivangwa na stylistic Hybride aribyo "SUV-Coupé" hamwe na bastion yuburayi yari (kandi n'ubu iracyari) amamodoka, nibindi byinshi kure cyane gutsinda kurusha hatchbacks / sedans bakomokamo, nabo barababaye.
Nubwo dushobora no kubifata nkibibanziriza igitekerezo cya SUV muburyo bwabo "buzunguye ipantaro", mubihe byashize amamodoka yirengagijwe nabashaka icyifuzo cyumuryango. Noneho, ndetse n'ibirango bifite umuco gakondo muri ubu bwoko bw'imirimo, nka Volvo, "birabatera umugongo" - moderi eshatu zagurishijwe cyane mu kirango cya Suwede muri iki gihe ni SUV zayo.
Hanyuma, muri iki gihe bisa nkaho ari ibintu bisanzwe (inshuro ebyiri z'umubiri), iyo biganje kandi bitagerwaho, kugira ngo bibangamiwe, cyane cyane mu bice byo hasi by'isoko, aho kuri buri cyitegererezo cy'ibice B na C birashoboka. kubara ubundi buryo bubiri muburyo bwa "moderi yimyambarire".
Rimwe na rimwe, SUV / Crossover niyo yemeza ko igurishwa ryinshi ugereranije n’imodoka “isanzwe” ikomokamo.
B-SUV, moteri yo gukura
Nukuri mubice B-igice, muburayi, dushobora "kwitiranya" igice kinini cyinshingano zo kuzamuka kwumugabane w isoko rya SUV / Crossover. Niba hashize imyaka icumi, B-SUVs ku isoko zabazwe hafi y'intoki z'ukuboko kumwe, uyumunsi hari ibyifuzo birenga bibiri.
"Imbarutso" niyo ntsinzi itunguranye ya Nissan Juke kandi, nyuma yimyaka mike, ya "mubyara" wayo wigifaransa, Renault Captur. Iya mbere, yatangijwe mu mwaka wa 2010, yashyizeho igice cyerekana ibicuruzwa byose byashakaga cyangwa bigomba gukurikiza nyuma yo kubona intsinzi nini; mugihe uwakabiri, wavutse mumwaka wa 2013 ufite isura ya orthodoxie, yazamutse mubuyobozi muri kiriya gice hanyuma aje kwerekana ko ejo hazaza h'icyiciro cya B kiri muri B-SUV.
Mu gice cyavuzwe haruguru, Qashqai yari imaze gushyiraho urufatiro rwo kuzamuka kwa SUV / Crossover kandi, ukuri kuvugwe, mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho yakomeje "gushyiraho amategeko", kabisa nta kurwanywa. Tugomba gutegereza hafi kugeza mu mpera z'imyaka icumi yarangiye kubona izindi SUV / Crossovers mu gice zirwanya ubucuruzi bwabo, bwaje mu buryo bwa Volkswagen Tiguan, “T” Roc ndetse na Peugeot ya kabiri. 3008.
Mu bice byo hejuru, hari ibirango byinshi "byagejeje" hejuru-murwego rwo mu Burayi kuri SUV, nka Kia yo muri Koreya yepfo na Hyundai hamwe na Sorento na Santa Fe, cyangwa Volkswagen hamwe na Touareg, byatsinze. aho Phaeton gakondo yananiwe.
Impamvu zo gutsinda
Nubwo hariho peteroli nyinshi hamwe nabakunzi bane b'ibiziga atari abafana ba SUV / Crossover, ukuri ni uko batsinze isoko. Kandi hariho ingingo nyinshi zifasha kumenya intsinzi yazo, uhereye kubitekerezo byumvikana kugeza mubitekerezo.
Ubwa mbere, turashobora gutangirana nuburyo bugaragara. Ugereranije n'ibinyabiziga bakomokamo, hari itandukaniro rigaragara muburyo tubibona. Byaba kubera ubunini bwabyo, ibiziga binini, cyangwa se "ingabo" za plastiki ziherekeza nk'intwaro, bisa nkaho bikomeye kandi bishobora kuturinda neza - "bisa" nijambo ryibanze ...
Turacyahuza kandi SUV / Crossover hamwe numutima wo guhunga cyangwa guhunga, nubwo benshi batava mumashyamba yo mumijyi. Benshi muritwe turashobora guhuza nibi byiyumvo, nubwo tutigera tubikora.
Icya kabiri, kuba muremure (hejuru yubutaka bunini hamwe nuburebure bwumubiri) bitanga umwanya wo kugendera hejuru, benshi babona ko ari umutekano. Umwanya wo hejuru wo gutwara uremerera kandi kureba neza umuhanda, byoroshye kubona kure.
Icya gatatu, kandi nkuko twabivuze mu kiganiro twasohoye mu myaka mike ishize, hari ikibazo cyingenzi cya physiologique inyuma yo gutsinda kwa SUV / Crossover: biroroshye kwinjira no gusohoka mumodoka . Nubwo ibyo atari ukuri kuri bose, abashoferi benshi bashima ko batagomba "kunama" cyane cyangwa "gukurura" imitsi yamaguru kugirango bave mumodoka yabo. Icivugo gisa nkaho… “kunyerera no gusohoka” kandi utiriwe uhesha agaciro umuntu, nkuko bigenda mumodoka yo hasi.
Byumvikane nkubushake, ariko sibyo. Abatuye iburengerazuba barashaje kandi bivuze ko hari abantu benshi kandi bafite ibibazo byinshi mumigendere no kugenda. Ikinyabiziga kirekire gifite umwanya muremure wo gutwara gishobora gufasha cyane, nubwo kwiyongera kwimodoka ya SUV nabyo bishobora kuba intandaro yingorabahizi - ikibazo MPVs zitari zifite…
Ukoresheje urugero rukabije, biroroshye cyane kwinjira muri Nissan Qashqai kuruta Alpine A110. Ndetse iyo ugereranije nimodoka zingana, biroroshye rwose kwinjira no gusohoka muri Captur kuruta Clio, cyangwa T-Roc kuruta Golf.
Ariko hariho n'ibindi. B-SUVs, kurugero, ubu ifite ibipimo byamazu bihanganye nabagize umuryango muto mubice C. -SUV ihenze kuruta moderi bakomokamo.
Hanyuma, inyungu. Uhereye ku nganda (mubabikora) SUV / Crossovers nayo yarangije gushimwa cyane, kuko byemeza inyungu zisumba izindi. Niba kumurongo wibicuruzwa bitwara amafaranga menshi cyangwa make kurenza imodoka bakomokamo, igiciro cyabakiriya, ariko, kiri hejuru cyane - ariko abakiriya bafite ubushake bwo gutanga ako gaciro - byemeza inyungu nyinshi kuri buri gice cyagurishijwe.
Mu myaka icumi ishize kandi no muri iyi itangiye, SUV / Crossover ibonwa nabasesenguzi benshi nkumupira wa ogisijeni mu nganda z’imodoka. Igiciro cyacyo cyiza kandi cyunguka byinshi byatumye abayikora bahura neza kandi bagakoresha ibiciro byiterambere byiterambere ndetse n’umusaruro (ibirimo ikoranabuhanga na anti-imyuka mu binyabiziga bikomeza kwiyongera), ndetse no guhangana n’ishoramari rinini rikenewe mu kwimura amashanyarazi na sisitemu. kugenda.
“Ububabare” bwo gukura
Ariko, ntabwo ibintu byose "ari roza". Intsinzi ya SUV / Crossover nayo yagize ingaruka zitateganijwe mumyaka icumi ishize aho havuzwe byinshi kubyerekeye kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza bwo kugera kuriyi ntego.
Ugereranije n’imodoka zisanzwe zikomokaho, zifite umwanya munini wimbere hamwe na coefficient de aerodynamic, kandi biremereye, bivuze ko gukoresha lisansi kandi, kubwibyo, imyuka ya CO2 ihora hejuru.
Muri 2019, JATO Dynamics yihanangirije ko gutsinda kwa SUV (icyo gihe hafi 38% by'imodoka zanditswe mu Burayi) ari kimwe mu byagize uruhare mu kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigenda bisabwa.
Nyamara, "guturika" kwa plug-in na Hybride yamashanyarazi, inyinshi murizo miterere ya SUV / Crossover, zafashije gukemura iki kibazo - muri 2020, imyuka ya CO2 yagabanutseho 12% ugereranije na 2019, igabanuka rikomeye, ariko nubwo bimeze bityo , bari hejuru yintego ya 95 g / km.
Hatitawe ku mfashanyo yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, byanze bikunze iyi typologiya izahora idakora neza kurusha iyindi gakondo, aho ibinyabiziga biri hasi kandi byegereye hasi. Ndetse no mugihe kizaza cyamashanyarazi no kuzirikana bateri yuyu munsi (no mumyaka iri imbere), biracyakenewe ko dushakisha uburyo bunoze bwo kugabanya ubwinshi bwimodoka tugura, kugirango "dusunike" kilometero zose zishoboka zose yishyurwa rimwe.
Kazoza
Niba iyi idasanzwe "Ibyiza byimyaka icumi ya 2011-2020" numwanya wo guhagarara no gutekereza kubyabaye muruganda rwimodoka mumyaka 10 ishize, ntidushobora kurwanya, muriki gihe, kugirango turebe icyo iyi myaka icumi ishize ubungubu gutangira. kubika ejo hazaza ha SUV / Crossover.
Hariho ababikora benshi, babinyujije mumajwi yabayobozi bakuru babo nabashushanyije, basanzwe bavuga mwisi ya nyuma ya SUV. Ibyo bivuze iki? Tugomba gutegereza ikindi gihe kugirango tubone ibisubizo bifatika, ariko ibimenyetso byambere byerekana kwimuka ukava mumodoka gakondo ya SUV, werekeza kuri formula yoroheje, biracyagaragara neza Crossover, ubwoko bwimvange yimodoka: salo yambukiranya.
Kuva kuri Citroën C5 X nshya kugeza kuri Ford Evos, unyuze kuri Polestar 2, Hyundai Ioniq 5 na Kia EV6 cyangwa ndetse na Mégane E-Tech Electric izaza, birashoboka kubona iherezo rya salo gakondo hamwe na vanse, hamwe nubwoko bumwe fusion igaragara mumwanya wubwoko butandukanye mumodoka imwe, bigoye kubishyira mubyiciro.