Mugihe mugihe inganda zose zisa nkiziyemeje kugarurira moteri yimbere imbere mubitabo byamateka, Mazda igenda… kurwanya ingano! Nishimiye.
Ntabwo aribwo bwa mbere Mazda ibikora, kandi ubushize byari byiza. Ese ibyo bizongera kubaho? Abayapani barabyemera.
Icyemezo cyo gukomeza gutega moteri yaka umuriro cyatangajwe umwaka ushize, binyuze mumasekuru mashya ya moteri ya SKYACTIV-X. Twagize amahirwe yo kwibonera iyi moteri nshya ya SKYACTIV-X, ibaho kandi ifite ibara, mbere yuko igera ku isoko muri 2019.
Niyo mpamvu usura Imodoka Imodoka buri munsi, sibyo?
Itegure! Ingingo izaba ndende kandi tekinike. Nugera ku ndunduro uzabona indishyi…
Moteri yo gutwika? N'amashanyarazi?
Ejo hazaza ni amashanyarazi, kandi abayobozi ba Mazda nabo baremeranya naya magambo. Ariko ntibavuga rumwe ku buhanuzi butanga moteri yaka nka "yapfuye"… ejo!
Ijambo ryibanze hano ni "ejo hazaza". Kugeza imodoka 100% yamashanyarazi niyo "isanzwe" nshya, kwimuka kwisi yose bizatwara imyaka mirongo. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro w'amashanyarazi uva ahantu hashobora kuvugururwa nawo ugomba kwiyongera, ku buryo amasezerano yo kohereza imyuka ya zeru mu modoka z'amashanyarazi atari amahano.
Hagati aho, bizagera kuri moteri yashaje "ishaje" imbere kugirango ibe imwe mumpamvu nyamukuru yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mugihe gito kandi giciriritse - bizakomeza kuba ubwoko bwa moteri mumyaka mirongo iri imbere. Kandi niyo mpamvu tugomba gukomeza kubitezimbere. Mazda yafashe nk'inshingano zayo zo kuvana ingufu zishoboka zose kuri moteri yaka mugukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya.
"Biyemeje ihame ry'igisubizo kiboneye mugihe gikwiye", nkuko Mazda abivuga, itwara ikirango mugushakisha igisubizo cyiza - ntabwo gisa neza kurupapuro, ahubwo gikora mubyukuri. . Ni muri urwo rwego havuka SKYACTIV-X, moteri yayo yo guhanga udushya ndetse no guhinduranya imbere.
Kuki impinduramatwara?
Gusa kubera ko SKYACTIV-X niyo moteri ya lisansi yambere ishobora gutwika - kimwe na moteri ya Diesel… neza, nka moteri ya Diesel, ariko turahari.
Gutwika compression - ni ukuvuga kuvanga umwuka / lisansi bivuga ako kanya, nta pompe ya spark, iyo ihagaritswe na piston - muri moteri ya lisansi yabaye imwe muri "grail yera" yakurikiranwe naba injeniyeri. Ibi ni ukubera ko guhagarika compression ari byiza cyane: birihuta cyane, uhita utwika lisansi zose mubyumba byaka, bikwemerera gukora imirimo myinshi hamwe ningufu zingana, bikavamo gukora neza.
Gutwika byihuse kandi biremerera umwuka uvanze / lisansi ivanze mubyumba byaka, ni ukuvuga, umwuka mwinshi urenze uw'ibitoro. Ibyiza biroroshye kubyumva: gutwikwa bibera mubushyuhe buke, bikavamo NOx nkeya (okiside ya azote), kandi hari imbaraga nke zidakoreshwa mugihe cyo gushyushya moteri.
Ibibazo
Ariko gutwika compression muri lisansi ntabwo byoroshye - ntabwo bivuze ko itigeze igeragezwa nabandi bubatsi mumyaka mirongo ishize, ariko ntanumwe wazanye igisubizo gifatika gishobora gucuruzwa.Gomogeneous Compression Ignition Charging (HCCI), igitekerezo cyibanze cyo gutwika compression, kugeza ubu cyagezweho gusa kumuvuduko muto wa moteri no ku mutwaro muke rero, kubwimpamvu zifatika, gucana umuriro (spark plug) biracyakenewe. Kubutegetsi bukomeye hamwe nuburemere . Ikindi kibazo kinini ni kugenzura iyo compression yo gutwika ibaye.
Ikibazo rero, ni ukubasha guhinduka hagati yubwoko bubiri bwo gutwika muburyo bwuzuzanya, ibyo bikaba byaratumye Mazda itera imbere kandi ikagenzura ibintu bitandukanye byemerera lisansi hamwe no kuvangavanga ibinure.
Igisubizo
Umwanya wa "eureka" - cyangwa ni igihe habaye ikibatsi? ba dum tss… - yatumye bishoboka gukemura ibyo bibazo, byabaye mugihe abajenjeri ba Mazda barwanyije igitekerezo gisanzwe kivuga ko gutwikwa na compression bidasaba gucomeka: "niba guhinduka hagati yuburyo butandukanye bwo gutwika bigoye, ni, mbere ya byose, dukeneye rwose gukora iyo nzibacyuho? ” Hano haribishingiro bya sisitemu ya SPCCI - Igicucu kiyobowe na Compression Ignition.
Muyandi magambo, ndetse no gutwikwa no kwikuramo, Mazda ikoresha ibyuma byacometse, bituma habaho impinduka nziza hagati yo gutwikwa no kwikuramo no gutwika. Ariko niba ukoresheje spark plug irashobora gukomeza kwitwa compression yaka?
Birumvikana! Ibi ni ukubera ko spark plug ikora, hejuru ya byose, nkuburyo bwo kugenzura iyo gutwikwa na compression bibaye. Muyandi magambo, ubwiza bwa SPCCI nuko bukoresha uburyo bwo gutwika moteri ya mazutu hamwe nuburyo bwo gukoresha moteri ya lisansi hamwe nicyuma. Turashobora gukoma amashyi? Turabishoboye!
Intego
Moteri yakozwe muburyo bwo gukora ibintu nkenerwa byubushyuhe nigitutu mucyumba cyaka, kugeza aho ivangwa ryumwuka / lisansi - rinini cyane, 37: 1, inshuro zigera kuri 2,5 ugereranije na moteri isanzwe ya lisansi. - guma hafi yumuriro hejuru yapfuye. Ariko ni ikibatsi kiva mumashanyarazi gitangira inzira.
Ibi bivuze akayaga gato, gakize kavanze / lisansi ivanze (29: 1), yatewe mugihe cyanyuma, itanga umuriro. Ibi birongera umuvuduko nubushyuhe mubyumba byaka, kugirango imvange yinini, yamaze kuba hafi aho yiteguye guturika, ntishobora kurwanya no gutwika hafi ako kanya.
Uku kugenzura gutwika binteye isoni. Mazda ishoboye gukora ibi hejuru ya 5000 rpm kandi sinshobora no gucana barbecue mbere…
Igisubizo ubu gisa nkigaragara, ariko gisaba "amayeri" mashya:
- lisansi igomba guterwa inshuro ebyiri zitandukanye, imwe yo kuvanga ibinure bizagabanywa naho ubundi bivanze gato bivanze bizatwikwa nicyuma.
- sisitemu yo gutera lisansi igomba kuba ifite umuvuduko mwinshi cyane, kugirango yemere guhumeka vuba na atomisiyasi ya lisansi, kuyikwirakwiza ako kanya muri silinderi, kugabanya igihe cyo kwikuramo
- silinderi zose zifite sensor sensor, ihora ikurikirana igenzura ryavuzwe haruguru, indishyi, mugihe nyacyo, kubitandukanya ningaruka zateganijwe.
- Gukoresha compressor - ningingo yingenzi kugirango ugumane compression hejuru, nkuko SKYACTIV-X ikoresha Miller cycle, igabanya kwikanyiza, ikemerera kuvanga ibyifuzo. Imbaraga zidasanzwe hamwe na torque ni ingaruka zikaze.
Igice cy'inyuma
Inyungu
Sisitemu ya SPCCI yemerera kwaguka gutwikwa no kwikuramo hejuru yubutegetsi bwagutse, kubwibyo, gukora neza muburyo bukoreshwa. Ugereranije nubu SKYACTIV-G, ikirango isezeranya gukoresha bike hagati ya 20 kugeza 30% bitewe nikoreshwa . Ikirangantego kivuga ko SKYACTIV-X ishobora no guhura ndetse ikarenga ubukungu bwa peteroli ya moteri yayo ya SKYACTIV-D.
Compressor ituma umuvuduko mwinshi wo gufata, ukemeza imikorere myiza ya moteri no kwitabira. Imikorere nini murwego rwagutse rwa revs nayo igufasha gukora kuri revisiyo yo hejuru, aho hari imbaraga nyinshi zihari kandi igisubizo cya moteri kirarenze.
Nuburyo bugoye bwo gukora, guhora ukoresha buji, birashimishije, byemewe kubishushanyo mbonera - nta gukwirakwiza impinduka cyangwa igipimo cyo guhunika gikenewe - kandi cyiza, iyi moteri ikora kuri lisansi 95 , nka octane nkeya nibyiza kuri compression yo gutwika.
Hanyuma, inyuma yibiziga
Inyandiko imaze kuba ndende cyane, ariko irakenewe. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa impamvu "buzz" zose zikikije iyi moteri - mubyukuri ni iterambere ridasanzwe iyo bigeze kuri moteri yaka. Tugomba gutegereza kugeza muri 2019 kugirango tumenye ibyo Mazda ivuga byose, ariko urebye ibyasezeranijwe kandi byerekanwe na SKYACTIV-G, ibyifuzo byinshi kuri SKYACTIV-X gutanga ibyo isezeranya gukora.
Kubwamahirwe, twari dufite amahirwe yo gukora ikizamini hakiri kare. Guhuza imbaraga na SKYACTIV-X ifite ibikoresho bya prototypes, byihishe munsi yumubiri wa Mazda3 umenyerewe, byari byateganijwe, nubwo ntaho byari bihuriye cyangwa ntaho bihuriye na Mazda3 imenyerewe - nububiko bwibanze munsi yumubiri ubu ni igisekuru cya kabiri.
SKYACTIV nayo isobanura kimwe na platform / imiterere / ibisubizo byumubiri. Iki gisekuru gishya gisezeranya gukomera gukomeye, urwego rwo hasi rwurusaku, kunyeganyega no gukomera (NVH - urusaku, kunyeganyega no gukomera) ndetse nintebe nshya byatejwe imbere, byizeza igihagararo gisanzwe, kizafasha urwego rwo guhumuriza.
Twatwaye verisiyo ebyiri za prototypes - imwe ifite garebox yintoki indi hamwe na garebox yikora, byombi bifite umuvuduko wa gatandatu - ndetse twashoboye no kugereranya itandukaniro riri hagati ya 165hp Mazda3 2.0 hamwe na garebox, kugirango tumenye neza itandukaniro. Kubwamahirwe niyo modoka yambere natwaye, inyemerera kugenzura moteri nziza / agasanduku (intoki).
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya SKYACTIV-X (moteri yigihe kizaza) na SKYACTIV-G (moteri yuyu munsi) ntishobora gusobanuka neza. Moteri nshya ya Mazda ifite imbaraga nyinshi tutitaye kumurongo wa rezo - itara ryiyongera riraboneka neza. Kimwe na “G”, “X” ni litiro 2.0, ariko ifite numero ya juicier. Mazda igamije imbaraga zingana na 190 hp - ibyo biragaragara, kandi neza, kumuhanda.
Byatunguwe no kubyitabira kwayo, uhereye kubutegetsi bwo hasi, ariko ishimwe ryiza ushobora kwishyura kuri moteri, nuko nubwo ari igice cyiterambere, kimaze kwemeza moteri nyinshi kumasoko.
Ubwoba ko, nkuko hariho compression yo gutwika nka Diesel, byazana bimwe mubiranga ubu bwoko bwa moteri, nka inertia nini, intera ngufi yo gukoresha, cyangwa amajwi, nta shingiro bifite. Niba iyi ari ejo hazaza ya moteri yaka, ngwino!
Imbere ya prototype - biragaragara ko imbere yimodoka mugutezimbere - yazanwe na ecran iri hejuru ya kanseri hagati hamwe ninziga eshatu. Ibi byagiye cyangwa bigenda, bitewe n'ubwoko bwo gutwika cyangwa kuvanga byabaye:
- 1 - gucana
- 2 - gutwika
- 3 - imvange yumuyaga / lisansi ivanze aho haboneka umusaruro mwinshi
Moteri "Ntoya" kuri Porutugali?
Imisoro ya Aberrant Igiporutugali izatuma iyi moteri ihitamo. Ubushobozi bwa litiro 2.0 nibyiza kubwimpamvu nyinshi, bitaribyo kuko nubushobozi bwemewe kumasoko menshi yisi. Ba injeniyeri bashinzwe SKYACTIV-X bavuze ko ubundi bushobozi bushoboka, ariko kuri ubu ntabwo biri muri gahunda yikimenyetso cyo guteza imbere moteri ifite ubushobozi buri munsi ya litiro 2.0.
Ibihe bitandukanye aho compression-ignition yabereye - cyane cyane guhinduranya urumuri rwinshi, mugihe dushakisha umuvuduko mwinshi wa moteri cyangwa mugihe twakubise hasi - byari byiza.
Kubijyanye nuburyo bwa 3, byasabye byimazeyo gutwara cyane, cyane hamwe na garebox yintoki, aho byagaragaye ko bigoye - cyangwa kubura sensibilité mumaguru yiburyo - kugirango igaragare kuri ecran. Imashini itanga imashini - gupima isoko yo muri Amerika ya ruguru -, nubwo bidashimishije kuyikoresha, byagaragaye ko byoroshye "kumurika" uruziga nimero 3.
Ibiryo? Ntabwo tubizi!
Nabajije, ariko ntamuntu numwe wazanye numero ifatika. Mudasobwa iri mu ndege yari "stratégie" yari yuzuyeho kaseti ifatika, kuri ubu rero dushobora kwishingikiriza gusa ku magambo yavuzwe.Icyitonderwa cyanyuma kuri prototypes zari zisanzwe zubatswe muburyo bushya - birakomeye kandi byemerera urwego runini rwo gutunganya imbere. Ni ngombwa kutibagirwa ko ibyo byari prototipi yiterambere, kuburyo byari bitangaje ko ibyo byari binonosoye kandi bitagira amajwi kurusha umusaruro uriho ubu Mazda3 - ibisekuruza bizaza…
Mazda3 nshya kuba SKYACTIV-X yambere
Birashoboka cyane, Mazda3 niyo moderi yambere yakiriye udushya twa SKYACTIV-X, ntabwo rero mugihe runaka muri 2019 tuzaba rwose dushobora kubona moteri ikora neza.
Kubijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera, Kevin Rice, ukuriye ikigo cy’ibishushanyo mbonera cy’i Burayi cya Mazda, yadutangarije ko isura rusange y’imyumvire ya Kai itanga umusaruro, bivuze ko itari kure cyane ya verisiyo yanyuma ya Mazda3 - wibagirwe ko ari mega-ibiziga, mini- kureba inyuma indorerwamo cyangwa optique yerekanwe…
85-90% yubushakashatsi bwa Kai Concept bushobora kujya mubikorwa.
Wageze ku mpera yingingo… amaherezo!
Amasezerano ararangiye, Rui Veloso yamaze kuvuga. Hano rero hari ubwoko bwindishyi. Epic kamehameha yibutsa ibyabaye imbere mubyumba byo gutwika moteri ya SKYACTIV-X.