Amashusho asangiwe muriyi ngingo yatangajwe nabanyiri modoka babyumvikanyeho, bakemeza ko batamenyekanye.
Ntabwo byanze bikunze. Kimwe mubitera ubwoba abamotari ni ubujura bwimodoka. “Imodoka yanjye iri he? Yaribwe! ". Niterabwoba ryihishe, ridahitamo gukora cyangwa moderi, kuva SUV kugeza kumodoka. Nta modoka ifite umutekano "inshuti zabandi".
Dukurikije amakuru aheruka gutangwa n'abayobozi, iki gikorwa cy'ubugizi bwa nabi kiriyongera mu gihugu cyacu. Ntabwo ari ubujura bwuzuye bwimodoka gusa, ahubwo nubujura bwihariye bwibice nibigize, nkuko bigaragazwa namakuru no guhora ukoresha kugabana kurubuga rusange.
Razão Automóvel yavuganye n’ingabo z’igihugu cya repubulika ndetse na bamwe mu bahitanywe n’ubujura bw’imodoka muri Porutugali, kugira ngo bumve aho, uburyo n'impamvu bibye imodoka mu gihugu cyacu.
Ubujura bwa Catalyst buriyongera. Kuki?
Muri "intego" y'abajura harimo ibice byinshi, ariko hariho kimwe cyagaragaye mubihe byashize: catalizator. Byakozwe hakoreshejwe ibyuma bidasanzwe cyane cyane nka rhodium, palladium cyangwa platine, catalizator kuva kera ni ikintu gikundwa nabajura. Kwiyongera bifitanye isano itaziguye no kuzamuka kw'igiciro cy'ibi byuma ku isoko.
Zahabu, ifeza na platine nibyuma bizwi cyane, ariko rhodium nigiciro cyinshi muribyose. Ushobora kuba utarigeze wumva ibi byuma, ariko nikimwe mubyuma ushobora gusanga mumashanyarazi ya catalitike.
Muri 2014 buri ounce ya rhodium (28.35 g) igura amayero 872. Uyu munsi indangagaciro ziratandukanye rwose: buri ounce ya rhodium ifite agaciro ka euro zirenga 20.000, mu yandi magambo, amayero arenga 700 kuri buri garama yiki cyuma cyagaciro.
Ibinyuranye, palladium ifite agaciro ka 85 euro kuri garama ($ 2400 kuri buri une). Igishimishije, hashize imyaka itanu, garama ya palladium igura amayero 15, inshuro eshanu kugeza kuri esheshatu ugereranije nagaciro kayo. Hanyuma, platine igura amayero 36 kuri garama ($ 970 kuri buri une).
Indangagaciro, wongeyeho, bivuze ko cataliste yibwe kandi yashenywe kuri «isoko ryirabura» ishobora kuba ifite amayero arenga 300.
Urubanza rwa Porutugali
Kugira ngo twumve uko ubu bwoko bw'ibyaha bwateye imbere muri Porutugali, twaganiriye na Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), ariko ikibabaje ni uko imibare yatanzwe idashidikanywaho: ubujura bwa catisale buragenda bwiyongera mu gihugu hose.Reka turebe: mugihe muri 2020 GNR yiyandikishije inshuro 103 yibye cataliste, muri 2021, kandi kugeza ku ya 1 Gicurasi honyine, umubare wibyanditswe bimaze kugera kuri 221.
Muyandi magambo, ugereranije nigihe cya homologique yo muri 2020 (1 Mutarama kugeza 1 Gicurasi), muri 2021 habayeho kwiyongera 2600% mubujura bwa catalizator.
Ku bijyanye n'uturere twibasiwe cyane n'ubu bwoko bw'ibyaha, bidatangaje, hari bamwe mu baturage benshi mu gihugu, hibandwa cyane cyane i Lisbonne, Porto na Setúbal, hamwe na hamwe bayobora ameza - haba muri 2020 (32 bibaye) na muri 2021 (82 bibaho kugeza 1 Gicurasi).
| Ubujura bwa Catalyst | ||
|---|---|---|
| Akarere | Umubare wabayeho muri 2020 (yose) | Umubare w'ibyabaye muri 2021 (kugeza ku ya 1 Gicurasi) |
| Aveiro | 10 | 8 |
| beja | 1 | bibiri |
| Braga | bibiri | 6 |
| Bragança | 1 | bibiri |
| Ikibuga cyera | bibiri | 0 |
| Coimbra | 6 | 8 |
| Vora | bibiri | 7 |
| Faro | 9 | 16 |
| Murinzi | 0 | 1 |
| Leiria | 8 | 8 |
| Lissabon | 16 | 38 |
| Portalegre | 0 | 1 |
| Harbour | 6 | 20 |
| Santarem | 7 | 15 |
| Gushira | 32 | 82 |
| Viana do Castelo | 0 | 1 |
| Umudugudu nyawo | 0 | 3 |
| Viseu | 1 | 3 |
| Igiteranyo | 103 | 221 |
Inkomoko: Ingabo zigihugu.
Mu rwego rwo kurwanya ubu bwoko bw'ibyaha, GNR yadutangarije ko mu 2020 yafunze abantu batandatu bafitanye isano n'ubujura bwa catalizator, naho mu 2021 (no ku munsi twabonanye) yari imaze gufata abantu batanu, bakeka ko ari "cyane cyane twita kuri iki kibazo cy'ubugizi bwa nabi, cyiyongereye ugereranije n'umwaka ushize".
modus operandi
GNR yadusobanuriye uburyo ubujura bwa catalizator bukorwa, hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo kubikora. Muburyo busanzwe "abakekwa bashyirwa munsi yikinyabiziga bagaca catalizator bakoresheje ibikoresho byo gukata, nka gride ya mashanyarazi".
Jack hamwe numunyururu birahagije kwiba catalizator.
Ubundi buryo bwibikorwa burimo kwiba neza kwimodoka, kuyijyana ahantu hitaruye aho cataliste ikurwaho. Hanyuma, GNR ivuga kandi ko havuzwe kandi aho abakekwa binjiye mu bubiko hamwe n’imodoka nyinshi ziparitse kugira ngo bibe abahindura catalitike.
| Ubujura bwa Catalyst | ||
|---|---|---|
| amezi | Umubare w'ibyabaye muri 2020 | Umubare w'ibyabaye muri 2021 (kugeza ku ya 1 Gicurasi) |
| Mutarama | 1 | 30 |
| Gashyantare | 1 | 32 |
| Werurwe | 1 | 65 |
| Mata | 5 | 89 |
| Gicurasi | 6 | – |
| Kamena | 3 | – |
| Nyakanga | 4 | – |
| Kanama | 4 | – |
| Nzeri | 10 | – |
| Ukwakira | 17 | – |
| Ugushyingo | 30 | – |
| Ukuboza | 21 | – |
Inkomoko: Ingabo zigihugu.
izindi ntego
Nubwo ari intego yingenzi, buffs ntabwo aribintu byonyine byibwe. Ahari ibice ubujura bugaragara cyane (kandi byoroshye) ni ibiziga byikinyabiziga, ntibisanzwe kubona imodoka kuri blok, amabuye cyangwa na trapode, idafite ibiziga.
Ibindi bikoresho "bishakishwa" cyane ni ibizunguruka, ibyuma byerekana ibikoresho ndetse na ecran ya digitale hamwe nibikoresho byabikoresho. Usibye ibyo, hari kandi inyandiko zerekana ubujura bwamatara, bateri, imbaho, bamperi ndetse nintebe ninzugi.
Ndetse na moderi ishaje isa nkaho itekanye.
Dukurikije amakuru yatanzwe na GNR, mu 2020, hagaragaye ibibazo 8035 by’ubujura bw’imodoka. Muri byo, 573 byerekeranye n'ubujura bwa rim na plaque. Muri 2021 (kugeza 1 Gicurasi) bariyandikishije Ibibaho 2010 , 193 birimo ubujura bwa rim na plaque.
Ku bijyanye n'imikorere y'inzego z'umutekano, mu 2020 GNR yafunze abantu 37 bafitanye isano n'ubu bwoko bw'icyaha kandi mu 2021 yari imaze gufata abantu umunani.
Ubujura bwimodoka 'ibice' buriyongera. Kuki?
Ubwiyongere bwubujura bwimodoka burimo kwiyongera. Imwe mu mpamvu zifatika kuri iki kintu kijyanye na kunoza sisitemu ya immobilisation yimodoka igezweho.
Hatabayeho amahirwe yo gutangiza moteri yikinyabiziga, imodoka zashenywe igice aho zihagarara. Intebe, ibiziga, inzugi, sisitemu ya infotainment, ibiziga ndetse n'amatara.
Ibice byoroshye gusenya - hamwe nibikoresho bikwiye - kandi bifite agaciro k'isoko ry'umukara biraryoshe cyane kandi biragoye kubimenya.
Niki gukora?
Kubwamahirwe, ntakintu kinini cyakorwa kugirango wirinde ubu bwoko bwubujura. Ariko, hariho ingamba zimwe na zimwe zishobora gufatwa kugirango bagabanye ingaruka zibi bibaho. Gutangira, igihe cyose bishoboka, shyira imodoka yawe muri garage cyangwa parikingi yimodoka.
Byongeye kandi, birasabwa kandi kutareka imodoka ihagarara ahantu hamwe umwanya muremure no kwirinda guhagarika imodoka ahantu hihishe cyangwa hacanwa nabi. Impuruza "ishaje" irashobora kandi kuba nk'ikumira, nkuko, mugihe cyo kwiba rim, gushiraho locknuts.
Ku ruhande rwa GNR, inama ni uko, nihagira uhura n'ikibazo cyo kwiba catalizator cyangwa ibice, hamagara abayobozi vuba bishoboka kandi ko kugeza bahageze, gerageza gukusanya byinshi bishoboka. Ibintu namakuru ashobora biganisha ku kumenya abakekwaho icyaha.
Inkomoko: Ingabo zigihugu za repubulika