Nibisanzwe cyane. Imihanda yangiritse, yuzuye ibinogo, gusunika guhuza ubutaka kumupaka no kubyambara imburagihe. Cyangwa ndetse biganisha ku iherezo ryayo, haba mu gucumita no guturika amapine, cyangwa imashini yangiza.
Ibiciro ni byinshi, haba kubashoferi, bahura namafaranga menshi yo gusana, hamwe namakomine nizindi nzego, zigomba kubungabunga cyangwa no kubaka iyo mihanda imwe.
Ubu, abashakashatsi mu Busuwisi bageze ku gisubizo gisa n’ubumaji… umukara, kimwe nijwi rya asfalt. Bashoboye gukora imihanda ishoboye kwikosora, irinda ishingwa ryibyobo bibi. Ariko ntabwo ari amarozi, ahubwo ni siyanse nziza, ukoresheje nano-tekinoroji kugirango ukemure ikibazo cyabayeho kuva umuhanda wa kaburimbo washingwa.
Bishoboka bite ko umuhanda wikosora?
Ubwa mbere tugomba kumenya uko ibyobo bikora. Umuhanda wa asfalt umuhanda wakozwe murwego rwo hejuru rwumuriro nubukanishi, tutibagiwe no guhora duhura nibintu. Izi ngingo zisunika ibikoresho kumupaka, bikabyara microcike, ikaguka mugihe kugeza igihe ihagaritse gucika bikarangira bihindutse umwobo.
Nukuvuga ko, niturinda kurema ibice, tuzarinda kurema ibyobo. Nk? Ibanga riri muri bitumen - umukara wijimye uhuza ibikoresho, biva mumavuta ya peteroli, bifata ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa muri asfalt hamwe.
Kuri bitumen izwi cyane, hongewemo umubare nyawo wa fer oxyde ya nanoparticles yemeza ko hasanwa. Ibi iyo bihuye na magnetiki yumuriro. Kandi barashyuha kugeza aho bashobora gushonga bitumen, bityo bakuzuza ibice byose.
Etienne Jeoffroy, ETH Zurich na Laboratoire YibikoreshoIgitekerezo nukugira nano-ibice byahujwe na binder [...] hanyuma ukabishyushya kugeza bitemba buhoro bikafunga ibice.
Iki gisubizo ntikibuza gushiraho ibice ubwabyo. Muyandi magambo, byahatira umuhanda guhishurwa, burigihe, kugeza kumurima wa magneti kugirango ibintu bisubirana ibintu bishoboke. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko byaba bihagije rimwe mu mwaka kugira ngo igisubizo kibe cyiza. Kandi icyiza kurushaho, kuramba kumuhanda rero birashobora kwongerwa mugihe, bikubye kabiri nkuko bimeze ubu.
Kuramba cyane, ibiciro byigihe kirekire. Ntanubwo ubuhanga cyangwa ibikoresho bishya byakenerwa mukubaka imihanda, nkuko nano-ibice byongerwaho mugihe cyo gutegura bitumen.
Kugirango berekane umuhanda ujya mumashanyarazi, abashakashatsi batanga igitekerezo cyo guha ibinyabiziga ibinini binini, ni ukuvuga amashanyarazi yumuriro wa electronique. Iyo hageze igihe cyo gusana umuhanda, byafungwa amasaha make, bigatuma ayo mashanyarazi azunguruka.
Kugira ngo igisubizo kibe cyiza, umuhanda ugomba kubakwa hamwe nibikoresho kuva kera. Ntabwo ariko bibuza gukoreshwa mumihanda iriho, nkuko Jeoffroy abivuga: "Turashobora kugira nano-uduce tumwe na tumwe muvanga hanyuma tugashyira mugace ka magneti, tugera kubushyuhe bukenewe kugirango duhuze ibikoresho bishya nibya umuhanda uriho ”.
Intego yikipe ubu ni ugushaka abafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi bashobora gupima sisitemu no kubona uburyo buhenze cyane mubikorwa byayo.