Batiyeri gakondo 12 V ningirakamaro mumikorere yimodoka yacu (iha amashanyarazi na electronike, kandi igaha ingufu mugitangira kugirango itangire moteri yaka), ariko hariho ibintu bigira ingaruka kumikorere yayo (kandi no kuramba) kandi imbeho nimwe muri bo.
Kandi igihe c'itumba kiregereje; ntabwo bikonje gusa ariko, nkuko bisanzwe, imvura iragwa, bityo izana "ingredient" zose ziri mubanzi nyamukuru ba bateri.
Kubitangira, ubushyuhe buke bugira ingaruka kuri bateri (kubushyuhe bubi bateri zitakaza 1/3 cyumuriro). Byongeye kandi, ubuhehere buri hejuru nabwo ntibufasha, bigatuma bigorana, kurugero, gukora imikoranire na terefone.
Hariho, ariko, ibintu bimwe na bimwe dushobora gukora kugirango dufashe bateri yimodoka kwihanganira ibihe byimbeho neza. Kandi mubyukuri iyi nama turagusiga kumurongo ukurikira.
1. Fata imodoka
Iyo dutwaye imodoka yacu, uwasimbuye yongeye kwishyuza bateri (ukoresheje ingufu zakozwe na moteri yaka) byemeza ko bikenewe kugirango sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yose ikore.Rero, kugirango tumenye neza ko tutari "impano" hamwe na batiri yapfuye nibyiza gutora imodoka kenshi (byibuze rimwe mukwezi). Ariko ntibihagije kujya mumigati kumuhanda no inyuma, cyangwa kureka moteri idakora.
Kugirango uwasimbuye abashe gufasha bateri kugarura imiterere, ni ukuvuga kuyishyuza, nibyiza gufata intera ndende, kilometero mirongo (40-50 km).
2. Witondere mugihe utangiye
Kimwe mu bihe iyo bateri ihangayikishijwe cyane nigihe dushyize imodoka kumurimo, kuko bireba gutanga ingufu zikenewe kugirango moteri itangire. Kandi uwasimbuye, "inshuti ye magara", ntabwo akora kuri ubu. Muri ubu buryo, ni twe ubwacu "gutanga ikiganza cyo gufasha" ingoma muri ibi bihe.
Kubitangira, tugomba kwirinda "guhatira" gutangira cyane. Bafunguye amasegonda make kandi imodoka ntiyatangira? Ntukihebe kandi wongere ugerageze.
Nibyiza gukora ibi kuruta kugumisha ikiganza cyawe kurufunguzo (cyangwa urutoki rwawe kuri buto), bigatuma intangiriro ikora umwanya muremure udashoboye gutangiza moteri yimodoka. Usibye guhatira moteri itangira, ifasha no gusohora bateri vuba.
Indi nama bashobora gukurikiza ni mugihe batanze urufunguzo rwo gukandagira kuri clutch, niba imodoka ifite ibikoresho bya garebox. Mugukora ibyo, bakuramo moteri kuva ihererekanyabubasha, bikagabanya ubukana bwa mashini, bityo bigasaba ingufu nke za batiri.
Kandi ntiwumve, mbere yo gutangira moteri, menya neza ko ibikoresho byose byamashanyarazi bizimye, nkamatara yo hanze cyangwa icyuma gikonjesha, kugirango utarenza bateri muri kiriya gihe.
3. Kwishyuza bateri
Niba kubwimpamvu runaka imodoka yawe igiye guhagarara umwanya muremure, ubwo ntibishobora kuba bibi gukoresha charger ya batiri.Iki gikoresho kigufasha gukomeza kwishyuza bateri mugihe, gutangira kwishyuza igihe cyose ibonye ko amafaranga agabanuka kurwego ruri hasi cyane.
4. Kugenzura bateri
Hanyuma, ntakintu cyiza cyemeza ko bateri yimodoka yacu "ifite ubuzima bwiza" kuruta kuyigenzura. Kugirango utangire, ugomba gusuzuma imiterere ya bateri ya terefone / terminal hanyuma ukareba niba bafite ubwoko bw "umukungugu" wera bakunda kwegeranya.
Niba bayifite, igomba gusukurwa. Kugirango ukore ibi, icyo ukeneye nukubura insinga, amazi yatoboye hamwe na soda yo guteka.
Ubanza bateri yarahagaritswe (guhera kuri pole mbi). Noneho, vanga sodium bicarbonate n'amazi yatoboye hanyuma ushire iyi mvange kumurongo, hanyuma ubisukure hamwe nicyuma.
Nyuma yibyo, inkingi ya batiri igomba gusigwa, ifasha kuyitandukanya nibintu byo hanze. Iki gikorwa kigomba gukorwa rimwe mu kwezi kandi kubwibyo ni byiza gukoresha amavuta yihariye.
Mubyongeyeho, niba bafite ibikoresho bikwiye, nka voltmeter, barashobora no kugenzura amashanyarazi ya batiri. Niba ibi biri munsi ya 12 V, byanze bikunze ko bateri idashobora gusohoza imirimo yayo.
Hanyuma, muri bateri zishaje biracyakenewe kugenzura urwego rwamazi. Muri iyi batteri amazi yatoboye ntabwo akoreshwa gusa kugirango acide acide gusa ahubwo anagumana ubushyuhe bwa bateri.
Nkuko amwe murayo mazi ashobora guhinduka mugihe kandi akanakorerwa electrolysis bitewe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru rimwe na rimwe bigerwaho na bateri, rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa gusubiramo urwego.
Tuvuge iki ku binyabiziga bivangavanze n'amashanyarazi?
Nonese ko imodoka zifite amashanyarazi ari nyinshi kandi zisanzwe, izi nama ziracyumvikana? Nibyo rwose.
Imodoka ya Hybrid nu mashanyarazi (kimwe na kimwe cya kabiri cya Hybride cyangwa yoroheje-ivangavanze) ntabwo ikenera uwasimbuye na moteri itangira, ifite mumwanya wabyo-moteri. Ariko nubwo imvange n'amashanyarazi biza bifite bateri yumuriro mwinshi (burigihe hejuru ya 100 V, igera kuri 800 V mumashanyarazi amwe), bateri gakondo 12 V ntiyigeze ibura kandi ikomeje kuboneka muribyose.
Batare yumuriro mwinshi ikoreshwa mugukoresha moteri cyangwa moteri ikurura moteri yimodoka. Ariko bateri ya 12 V bazanye ikomeza gukomeza imirimo yayo yo guha ingufu ibikoresho bitandukanye byamashanyarazi na elegitoronike kandi, kubijyanye na Hybride, yo gutangiza moteri yaka.
Nko mumodoka ifite moteri yaka gusa, no muri Hybride na electrique, bateri ya 12V "yapfuye" irashobora gusiga imodoka idafite imbaraga, bidashoboka ko uyitangira - amatsiko, niyo yambere itera guhagarara mumodoka 100% amashanyarazi.