Mu myaka 40 ishize nibwo Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W116) ibaye imodoka yambere itanga ibikoresho sisitemu yo kurwanya feri ya sisitemu (uhereye mubudage bwa mbere Antiblockier-Bremssystem), uzwi cyane namagambo ahinnye ABS.
Kuboneka gusa nkuburyo bwo guhitamo, guhera mumpera za 1978, kumafaranga atari make-make ya DM 2217.60 (hafi 1134 euro), yakwaguka byihuse mubirango byubudage - mumwaka wa 1980 nkuburyo bwo guhitamo kuri moderi zayo zose. , mu 1981 yageze ku kwamamaza kandi guhera mu 1992 izaba igizwe n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'imodoka zose za Mercedes-Benz.
Ariko ABS ni iki?
Nkuko izina ribivuga, iyi sisitemu irinda ibiziga gufunga mugihe feri - cyane cyane hejuru yubutaka buke - igufasha gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi zo gufata feri, mugihe ukomeje kugenzura ikinyabiziga.
Turashobora kubona ibice bitandukanye bya sisitemu mumashusho hejuru, ntaho bitandukaniye cyane nuyu munsi: ishami rishinzwe kugenzura (mudasobwa), ibyuma bine byihuta - kimwe kuri buri ruziga - hydraulic valve (igenzura umuvuduko wa feri), na pompe (kugarura feri igitutu). Ariko byose bikora gute? Duha ijambo Mercedes-Benz ubwayo, yakuwe muri kamwe mu gatabo kayo:
Sisitemu yo gufata feri irwanya mudasobwa ikoresha mudasobwa kugirango imenye impinduka zihuta za buri ruziga mugihe feri. Niba umuvuduko ugabanutse vuba (nkigihe feri hejuru yinyerera) kandi harikibazo cyo gufunga uruziga, mudasobwa ihita igabanya umuvuduko kuri feri. Uruziga rwihuta kandi umuvuduko wa feri urongera, bityo feri. Iyi nzira isubirwamo inshuro nyinshi mumasegonda.
Imyaka 40 irashize…
Hagati ya 22 na 25 Kanama 1978 ni bwo Mercedes-Benz na Bosch berekanye ABS i Untertürkheim, Stuttgart, mu Budage. Ariko ntabwo aribwo bwa mbere yerekanaga ikoreshwa rya sisitemu.
Amateka yiterambere rya ABS muri Mercedes-Benz kuva kera, hamwe na porogaramu ya mbere izwiho gusaba sisitemu muri 1953, ibinyujije kuri Hans Scherenberg, icyo gihe wari umuyobozi w’ibishushanyo muri Mercedes-Benz nyuma akaza kuba umuyobozi w’iterambere.
Sisitemu nkiyi yari isanzwe izwi, haba mu ndege (anti-skid) cyangwa muri gari ya moshi (anti-slip), ariko mumodoka byari umurimo utoroshye cyane, hamwe nibisabwa cyane kuri sensor, gutunganya amakuru no kugenzura. Iterambere ryimbitse hagati yishami ryubushakashatsi niterambere ubwaryo hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa batandukanye mu nganda amaherezo ryagerwaho, hamwe nimpinduka yabaye mu 1963, igihe imirimo yatangiraga, muburyo bunoze, kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki-hydraulic.
Mu 1966, Daimler-Benz yatangiye ubufatanye ninzobere mu bya elegitoroniki Teldix (nyuma yaje kugurwa na Bosch), gusozwa no kwerekana bwa mbere “Mercedes-Benz / Teldix Anti-Block Sisitemu” mu bitangazamakuru mu 1970 , iyobowe na Hans Scherenberg. Sisitemu yakoresheje ibigereranyo bisa, ariko kubikorwa byinshi bya sisitemu, itsinda ryiterambere ryarebye inzira ya digitale nkinzira igana imbere - igisubizo cyizewe, cyoroshye kandi gikomeye.
Jürgen Paul, injeniyeri akaba ashinzwe umushinga wa ABS muri Mercedes-Benz, nyuma yaje kuvuga ko icyemezo cyo kujya kuri digitale aricyo gihe cyingenzi cyiterambere rya ABS. Hamwe na Bosch - ishinzwe ishami rishinzwe kugenzura imibare - Mercedes-Benz yashyira ahagaragara igisekuru cya kabiri cya ABS kumurongo wikizamini cyuruganda rwacyo muri Untertürkheim.
ABS yari intangiriro
Ntabwo gusa ABS amaherezo izahinduka kimwe mubikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mumutekano mumodoka, byanagaragaje intangiriro yiterambere rya sisitemu yo gufasha muburyo bwa digitale mumodoka yubudage, nibindi.
Iterambere rya sensor ya ABS, mubindi bice, naryo ryakoreshwa, mubirango byubudage, kuri ASR cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura anti-skid (1985); kugenzura ESP cyangwa kugenzura umutekano (1995); Sisitemu ya BAS cyangwa feri ifasha (1996); kugenzura imiterere yo guhuza n'imiterere (1998), hiyongereyeho izindi sensor hamwe nibigize.