Nubwo moteri yo gutwika imbere isa nkaho iminsi yabo ibaze, iyo bigeze ku kwagura intera, moteri yo gutwika iracyafite icyo ivuga. Toyota itugezaho udushya twayo turacyari mu iterambere.
Mugihe ibindi bicuruzwa byose bikoresha intera yagutse ishingiye kuri moteri isanzwe yo gutwika imbere, Toyota yahisemo gutera indi ntera, mbere yaya marushanwa iyo igeze ku byerekeranye n’ibinyabiziga bivangavanze n’amashanyarazi.Muri iyi ngingo yo muri Autopédia Rubric, menya amakuru yose yiyi moteri ya Toyota idakoreshwa mugutwara imodoka, ahubwo ihindura lisansi mumashanyarazi.
Inkomoko yiyi myubakire
Dufashe amahame yubukanishi hamwe nibinyejana bibiri bishize, Toyota yakuye imbaraga kuri moteri yubusa: moteri ya Stirling. Moteri yahoze irushanwa nyamukuru ya moteri ya parike, irashobora gusubira kumurongo nyuma yimyaka 200 igaragara.
Igitekerezo cya Toyota, ariko, ntabwo ari shyashya rwose mubikorwa byimodoka kandi tuzasobanura impamvu. Mu myaka ya za 70 na nyuma gato y’ibibazo bya peteroli - byahungabanije cyane urwego rw’imodoka - ababikora benshi wasangaga bahatirwa cyane kugirango babone ibisubizo bitwara lisansi nke.
KWIBUKA: Kubera ikibazo cya peteroli yo muri 70, Portugal niyo yatangije Shampiyona yisi ya 1974.
Muri icyo gihe, mu 1978, ni bwo hagaragaye imwe mu mikorere myiza ya moteri ya Stirling n'inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga. 1977 Opel Rekord 2100 Diesel Sedan yari ingurube nziza yakiriye moteri ya Stirling P-40 1978, yakozwe mubufatanye butigeze bubaho hagati yikigo cy’ikirere cya Amerika NASA na GM (ku ishusho hejuru).
Moteri ya Stirling P-40 yari ifite akarusho ko gukora kuri lisansi na Diesel, cyangwa no kuri alcool. Yaba imodoka ya 2 "flex lisansi" mumateka nyuma ya 1908 Ford Model T, ishobora gukora kuri lisansi, kerosene cyangwa etanol ivamo umwuka.
Muri 1979 bizaba igihe cya AMC (American Motors Corporation) gukoresha moteri imwe ya P-40 kuri Roho, ariko imikorere ntiyigeze yemeza abakiriya. Umushinga, nubwo utatsinze, washyizeho urugero mubikorwa byimodoka kwisi. Ishusho hepfo:
Kuva Kera Kugeza Uyu munsi: Guhanga kwa Toyota
Nyuma yiyi myaka yose, igihangano cya Toyota kigenda kindi. Dufashe mu buryo butaziguye igitekerezo cyakozwe na NASA mu mwaka wa 2012 nka generator ya radioisotope, yagenewe cyane cyane ingufu za satelite, kandi ifite uburemere bwa kg 20 gusa, Toyota yagerageje kongera moteri ya piston yubusa nka generator yumuriro wa bateri yimodoka.
Kimwe nigitekerezo cyakozwe na NASA, iyi moteri yubusa-piston ntabwo ifite inkoni ihuza cyangwa igikonjo kugirango yanduze urujya n'uruza. Nkuko mubibona mumashusho (hepfo), aho kugirango ibice gakondo bigenda byimoteri yimbere, dufite icyumba cya gaze gifunitse, gikora nkisoko, gisubiza piston kumurongo mushya wo gutwika.
Moteri ya Toyota yubusa-piston nka generator yumurongo ifite W-shusho, aho piston ihagaze hagati yimiterere ya W. Iyi moteri yubusa-piston ikora nkaho ari moteri ya 2. Umwuka wa gazi wirukanwa unyuze mumabande hejuru yumutwe wa silinderi, mugihe umwuka wikizunguruka gishya winjira mumyanya yinyuma, witeguye guhonyorwa no gufatanya guterwa na lisansi, kugirango utwike imvange.
Nyuma yo kwaguka kwatewe no gutwika imvange, icyumba cya gaze hepfo gikora nk'isoko isubiza piston kuri PMS yayo (hagati yapfuye).
Ariko nigute moteri ya Toyota yubusa-piston nka generator itanga umurongo ibasha kubyara amashanyarazi?
Hanze ya moteri ifite iboneza rya W, hariho magneti, igizwe na neodymium, fer na boron, kandi hafi yicyumba cyaka hari coil, igizwe ninsinga z'umuringa. Binyuze mumaguru ahoraho hagati ya magnesi na coil, amashanyarazi arabyara, yoherejwe kuri bateri.
Kugaragaza igitekerezo gito, neodymium ntabwo ari agashya rwose. Yakoreshejwe igihe kirekire ndetse ikanakorwa muburyo bumwe, nubwo neodymium - bitewe nizina ryayo rya molekuline - iri mubintu bimwe na bimwe bidakunze kubaho ku isi. Uru ruganda rwavumbuwe mu 1982, rwiyongereye ku isi hose no mu nganda zose za elegitoroniki.
Ubu bwoko bwa moteri bwakozwe na Toyota ntabwo bukomeye cyane, mubyukuri igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo cyatekerejweho rwose hagamijwe gukora neza nuburemere buke bwa seti, kandi ingufu zakozwe ziri kuri 10kW gusa, hafi 13 zinguvu. Nyamara, itanga ingufu zirenze zihagije kuburyo ibice 2 byonyine bikorera icyarimwe bishobora kubyara amashanyarazi ahagije ya Toyota Yaris cyangwa bihwanye no kugera kumuvuduko wumuhanda mumihanda ya 120km / h.
Nkuko bikiri umushinga urimo gutezwa imbere, Toyota iracyafite inzira ndende kugirango itangire kugurisha ikoranabuhanga. Kuberako niba kuruhande rumwe ibiciro byumusaruro atari ibipimo, haracyari ibibazo bya tekiniki bitarakemuka nkibiciro byo kubungabunga no kunyeganyega, ikintu kimaze gutuma Toyota itekereza gukoresha moteri yayo nshya muburyo bunyuranye, kugirango igabanye urusaku no kunyeganyega byanduye.
Ibiranga iyi moteri yubusa-piston ya Toyota nayo irashobora guhinduka, nkuko bikenewe, kuko igitutu kigenga valve mucyumba cya gaze gishobora guhinduka kugirango bikomere byingaruka za "soko".
Gumana niyi videwo, aho ushobora kubona iyi Toyota yaremye: