Hamwe n'abaturage barenga miliyari 1,3, Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu gituwe cyane ku isi. Nayo masoko manini ku isi, amaze kugurisha imodoka zisaga miliyoni 23 umwaka ushize kandi uyu mwaka uzarenga miliyoni 24. Kugeza ubu ni cyohereza imyuka myinshi ya parike ku isi muburyo bwuzuye. Toni zirenga miliyari 10 za CO2 (2015) zasohotse zikubye kabiri iz'Amerika kandi zikubye hafi eshatu Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Ariko ikibazo ntikigarukira gusa ku myuka ya parike. Imijyi y'Ubushinwa ifite ikirere kibi cyane, cyuzuyemo umwotsi uhoraho, cyangiza ubuzima bwabantu. Kandi nyirabayazana ntabwo ari CO2.
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rivuga ko abanzi bakomeye mu buzima rusange ari azote hamwe na sulfure biva mu miyoboro isohora imodoka. Iyi myuka ifitanye isano itaziguye nimpfu zirenga miriyoni eshatu buri mwaka kwisi.
Amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi cyane
Kurenza izindi mpamvu zose, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa iherutse kwiyemeza gukoresha amashanyarazi igamije kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere mu mijyi yacyo.
Muri gahunda ya Made in China 2025, hagati yimyaka icumi iri imbere, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigomba kugurishwa ku gipimo cya miliyoni zirindwi ku mwaka. Igikorwa kitoroshye - umwaka ushize “gusa” ibihumbi 500 byagurishijwe kandi uyumwaka ibintu byose byerekana ibice 700.
biramaze isoko rinini ku isi ryimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi , niyo ibyo byagezweho gusa hashyizweho leta nini, nkuko bibaho mubindi bihugu.
Kugira ngo leta igabanye ibiciro, indi gahunda irakorwa ishyiraho ibiciro byo kugurisha ku bicuruzwa byitwa NEV (Imodoka nshya). Gahunda izatangira muri 2019 (yagombaga gutangira muri 2018) no kutubahiriza ibipimo bizasobanura amande menshi.
Ntabwo ari shyashya. Ishirwaho ryisoko ryinguzanyo ya karubone rimaze kugaragara mumasoko yandi, ni ukuvuga, nubwo umwubatsi adashoboye kubahiriza igipimo cyagenwe, ashobora guhora agura inguzanyo mubindi bicuruzwa, akirinda ibihano.
Amashanyarazi ntabwo ariwo muti
Umuntu yakwitega ko niyongera ryimodoka zamashanyarazi kumuhanda, ikibazo cyumwuka wikirere cyakemuka buhoro buhoro, ariko ukuri kuragoye. Ubwiyongere bwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bizagira ibisubizo bitandukanye! Nukuvuga, kugurisha amashanyarazi menshi, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.Iyi niyo myanzuro yubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe na kaminuza ya Tsinghua, yerekanaga ko imodoka zamashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zitanga umusaruro uri hagati yikubye kabiri kugeza kuri eshanu nu miti, bigira uruhare mu mwotsi, kuruta imodoka zifite moteri yubushyuhe. Bishoboka bite?
Feng, Ikigo gishya cyo guhanga ingufu no gutwara abantuUbunararibonye mpuzamahanga bwerekana ko gusukura ikirere bidashingiye ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Sukura amashanyarazi.
Ikoranabuhanga rifite isuku gusa nkimbaraga zawe
Amashanyarazi ntabwo asohora imyuka ihumanya, ariko imbaraga bakeneye zirashobora guturuka kumasoko yanduye . Muyandi magambo, imyuka ihumanya iva mumodoka ikagera aho ituruka ingufu, naho mubushinwa nikibazo.
Imyuka iva muri tramari iratandukanye
Hamwe na Fluence Z.E. 2010, Renault yerekanye uburyo imyuka ihumanya bitewe nigihugu. Mu Bufaransa, aho ingufu za kirimbuzi zikoreshwa cyane, ibyuka bihumanya 12 g / km. Mu Bwongereza, hamwe no gukoresha gaze n’amakara cyane, imyuka y’ikirere yazamutse igera kuri 72 g / km kandi mu bihe bibi cyane, bitewe n’amakara gusa, imyuka ishobora kuzamuka kugera kuri 128 g / km.
Ni ukubera ko hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu Bushinwa biva mu gutwika amakara. Niba, mugihe gito, igihugu gifite amamiriyoni yimodoka ihuza amashanyarazi kugirango yishyure bateri zabo, ingufu ziziyongera, zitwika amakara cyangwa gaze, bityo, kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Mu Burayi ibintu biratandukanye
Ku mugabane w’Uburayi, nkingufu zishobora kongera kuba igice cyerekana ingufu zivanze ningufu, amashanyarazi yitwara neza cyane, akagira uruhare kuri a Kugabanuka 10% mu byuka bihumanya ikirere . Uyu ni umwanzuro wubushakashatsi bwa Noruveje, nyuma yo gusuzuma ubuzima bwose bwimodoka: kubaka, gukoresha (urugendo rwa kilometero 150.000) no kujugunya burundu.Inkomoko yingufu zirakenewe
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kaminuza ya Tsinghua bushidikanya ku cyemezo cyo guteza imbere imodoka z’amashanyarazi mu gihugu mbere yo guhindura uburyo amashanyarazi atangwa. Ikigaragara ni uko guverinoma y'Ubushinwa nayo izi kandi ingamba zo guhindura iyi ngingo zashyizweho. Gahunda yo kubaka andi mashanyarazi 85 akoreshwa n’amakara yarahagaritswe kandi muri 2020 igihangange cyo muri Aziya kizashora miliyari 360 z'amadolari (arenga miliyari 305 z'amayero) mu mbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa.
Icyo gihe ni bwo ingaruka za tramimu zishobora kuba ingirakamaro mugihe kirekire, haba mugukoresha no mu iteraniro ryabo.
Gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi no gukora bateri bitera umwanda mwinshi mubushinwa kuruta ahandi. Kugira ngo ibintu birusheho kuba bibi, inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa ntabwo zateye imbere bigatuma habaho gucukura umutungo, bityo imikorere mibi y’ibidukikije. Nkurugero, 70% byibyuma bikoreshwa muri Amerika byongera gukoreshwa, mugihe mubushinwa ari 11% gusa.