Sisitemu yo gutwara no gutwara ibinyabiziga yigenga hamwe n'ibikorwa remezo (Imodoka-kuri-X) bizaba bigize inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, kimwe no gutwara amashanyarazi, kabone niyo imodoka za robo bitinze kugeza bibaye impamo.
Ariko ibyo bizabaho… niyo mpamvu buri mwaka abashakashatsi bo mumatsinda ya Volkswagen bahura nabafatanyabikorwa na kaminuza kugirango bungurane ibitekerezo muri Autodromo do Algarve. Muri icyo gihe, itsinda rya kabiri ririmo guteza imbere ubunararibonye bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga mu mujyi wa Hamburg, mu Budage.
Walter yimanitse kuri trayektori yo guhindukirira iburyo, yihutira kongera kugororoka, hanyuma yitegura kongera gukora kuri apex, hafi yo gukosora. Umuyobozi w'umushinga, Paul Hochrein, yicaye asa n'utuje inyuma y'uruziga, yiyemeje… nta kindi akora uretse kureba. Ni uko Walter abasha gukora byose wenyine hano kumurongo wa Portimão.
Walter ninde?
Walter ni Audi RS 7 , imwe mumamodoka menshi ya robo, yuzuye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ikora cyane hamwe na mudasobwa mumitiba. Ntabwo igarukira gusa gukurikira inzira igoye kandi yateguwe kuri buri cyiciro cya kilometero zigera kuri 4.7 perimetero yinzira ya Algarve, ariko isanga inzira yayo muburyo butandukanye kandi mugihe nyacyo.
Ukoresheje ibimenyetso bya GPS, Walter abasha kumenya aho aherereye kuri santimetero yegereye umuhanda kuko software arsenal ibara inzira nziza buri ijana kumasegonda, isobanurwa numurongo ibiri muri sisitemu yo kuyobora. Hochrein afite ikiganza cye cyiburyo kuri switch ihagarika sisitemu mugihe hari ibitagenda neza. Niba ibyo bibaye, Walter izahita ihindura uburyo bwo gutwara intoki.
Kandi kuki RS 7 yitwa Walter? Urwenya rwa Hochrein:
"Tumara umwanya munini muri izo modoka zipimisha ku buryo twarangiza tukazita amazina."
Numuyobozi wumushinga muri ibi byumweru bibiri muri Algarve, isanzwe ari iya gatanu kuri iri tsinda rya Volkswagen. Iyo avuze ngo “twe” yerekeza ku itsinda ry'abashakashatsi bagera kuri 20, injeniyeri - “nerds”, nk'uko Hochrein abita - n'abashoferi bipimisha baza hano bafite imodoka icumi za Volkswagen.
Agasanduku kuzuyemo amakaye aho amakuru yegeranye yo gupimwa asuzumwa kandi agashyirwaho na software. Asobanura amwenyura ati: “Turahuze gushira hamwe na zeru.”
Ba injeniyeri n'abahanga hamwe
Intego yubutumwa ni ugutanga amakuru yingenzi atandukanye kumurongo wa Volkswagen kumurongo witerambere rigezweho muri sisitemu yo gutwara no gufasha. Ntabwo abakozi ba sosiyete ya Volkswagen Group bayitabira gusa, ahubwo nabafatanyabikorwa ba kaminuza zikomeye nka Stanford, muri Californiya, cyangwa TU Darmstadt, mubudage.
Iyandikishe mu kanyamakuru kacu
Hochrein abisobanura agira ati: “Turi hano kugira ngo bishoboka ko abafatanyabikorwa bacu bashobora kubona ibintu tuzamura muri aya masomo y'ibizamini”. Kandi irushanwa rya Algarve ryatoranijwe kubera imiterere ya roller coaster, kuko hano ikoranabuhanga ryose rishobora kugeragezwa neza bitewe n’icyuho kinini kandi kubera ko hari ibyago bike cyane byo guhura n’abareba “badashaka”:
Ati: "Twashoboye gusuzuma sisitemu mu bidukikije bifite amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ndetse n'ibibazo bisabwa cyane, kugira ngo tubiteze imbere mu buryo bwiza bushoboka. Akazi karaduha kandi amahirwe yo gusuzuma ibintu bijyanye no gutwara ibinyabiziga bidashobora gusuzumwa ku giti cye ku mihanda nyabagendwa. ”
Birumvikana. Kuri Walter, kurugero, imyirondoro itandukanye yo gutwara ibinyabiziga irageragezwa.
Abagenzi bumva bameze bate iyo amapine ya Walter yegereye impande zose? Byagenda bite niba guhagarikwa biri muburyo bworoshye kandi imodoka ihora igenda kumuvuduko gahoro hagati yumuhanda? Nigute dushobora guhuza isano hagati yipine no gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga? Ni ubuhe buringanire bwiza hagati yimyitwarire yimyitwarire nimbaraga zo kubara zikenewe? Nigute ushobora gushiraho gahunda kugirango Walter yubukungu bushoboka? Ese uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga aho Walter ibasha kwihuta cyane hirya no hino birashobora gutuma abagenzi basubira saa sita aho bakomoka? Bishoboka bite kugira ngo tugere ku bunararibonye burambuye bwo gukora cyangwa kwerekana imodoka ya robo? Umugenzi wa Porsche 911 arashaka gutwarwa bitandukanye na Skoda Superb?
Gukinisha
"Wire steering" - steer-by-wire, unyuzamo birashoboka gukuramo uruziga ruva kuri ruline - ni ubundi buhanga nabwo burimo kugeragezwa hano, bushyirwa kuri Volkswagen Tiguan antegereje ku bwinjiriro bwumuryango. agasanduku. Muri iyi modoka uburyo bwo kuyobora ntabwo buhujwe nubiziga byimbere, ahubwo buhuza amashanyarazi nigice cyo kugenzura amashanyarazi, kizunguruka.
Igeragezwa rya Tiguan rikoreshwa nkigikoresho cyo guhindura imiterere itandukanye: itaziguye kandi yihuse yo gutwara siporo cyangwa indirect mu ngendo zo mumihanda (ukoresheje software kugirango uhindure ibyiyumvo hamwe nigipimo cyibikoresho).
Ariko nkigihe kizaza imodoka za robo ntizishobora no kuba zifite umwanya munini wurugendo, hano dufite umugenzuzi wa PlayStation cyangwa terefone yahinduwe ikizunguruka , bisaba imyitozo. Nibyo, abashakashatsi b'Abadage bakoresheje cones kugirango batezimbere inzira ya slalom mumurongo wa pisine kandi, hamwe nimyitozo mike, nagerageje kurangiza amasomo ntarinze kohereza ibimenyetso bya orange mubutaka.
Dieter na Norbert, Golf GTIs zigenda wenyine
Tugarutse kumurongo, ibizamini biyobowe na Gamze Kabil bivuga ingamba zitandukanye zo gutwara ibinyabiziga muri Golf GTI itukura, "yitwa" indyo . Niba ibizunguruka bitagenda mugihe imodoka ihindukiye cyangwa ihindura inzira mugihe utwaye wenyine, birashobora guhungabanya abari mumodoka? Ni mu buhe buryo impinduka ziva mu bwigenge zerekeza mu gutwara abantu?
Umuryango wabahanga nabo bafite uruhare runini muri tekinoroji yimodoka. Chris Gerdes, umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Stanford, na we yaje i Portimão ari kumwe na bamwe mu banyeshuri be ba dogiteri yicaranye na Norbert , indi Red Red GTI.
Ntakintu gishya kuri we, we, muri Californiya, afite Golf isa nayo akorana na Volkswagen. Intego nyamukuru ni ukugenzura imbaraga zogutwara imipaka no guteza imbere imiyoboro yimitsi ishobora gushushanywa no gukoresha "imashini yiga imashini" (imashini yiga imashini) hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu. Kandi, muburyo bumwe, itsinda ririmo gushakisha ibimenyetso bishya byo gusubiza miliyoni y'amadolari: algorithms ishingiye kubuhanga bwa Artificial Intelligence irashobora kuba umutekano kuruta abayobora abantu?
Nta n'umwe mu ba injeniyeri n'abahanga bahari hano bemeza ko, bitandukanye nibyo marike amwe yasezeranije, mu 2022 hazaba imodoka za robo zizenguruka mu mihanda nyabagendwa. . Birashoboka ko icyo gihe ibinyabiziga byambere byigenga byigenga mubidukikije bigenzurwa nkibibuga byindege na parike yinganda bizaboneka, kandi imodoka zimwe za robo zizashobora gukora imirimo mike mugihe gito mumihanda nyabagendwa muri ibice bimwe byisi.
Ntabwo turimo guhangana niterambere ryoroshye rya tekiniki hano, ariko ntabwo siyanse yubumenyi bwikirere, ariko birashoboka ko turi ahantu hagati muburyo bugoye. Niyo mpamvu iyo ikizamini cyuyu mwaka kirangiye mu majyepfo ya Porutugali, ntawe uvuga ngo "muraho", gusa "tuzakubona vuba".
Igice cy'imizigo kibura kugirango gikore mudasobwa, mudasobwa nyinshi.
Ibisagara: ingorane nyamukuru
Biratandukanye rwose ariko ningorabahizi nikibazo imodoka za robo zigomba guhura nazo mumijyi. Niyo mpamvu Itsinda rya Volkswagen rifite itsinda ryihaye gukora muriki gihe, rifite icyicaro i Hamburg, kandi nanjye nifatanije kugirango mbone igitekerezo cyiterambere. Nkuko Alexander Hitzinger, visi perezida mukuru w’ishami ryigenga rishinzwe gutwara ibinyabiziga mu itsinda rya Volkswagen hamwe n’umuyobozi mukuru wa Volkswagen ushinzwe guteza imbere tekinike y’imodoka z’ubucuruzi muri Volkswagen abisobanura:
Ati: “Iri tsinda ni ryo shingiro ry’ishami rishya rya Volkswagen Autonomy GmbH, ikigo gishinzwe ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga byo mu rwego rwa 4, gifite intego nyamukuru yo kugeza ubwo buhanga mu rwego rwo gutangiza isoko. Turimo gukora kuri sisitemu yigenga ku isoko dushaka gutangiza mu bucuruzi hagati y'iyi myaka icumi ”.
Mu rwego rwo gukora ibizamini byose, Volkswagen na guverinoma ihuriweho n’Ubudage bafatanya hano hamwe no gushyiraho igice cya kilometero 3 z'uburebure hagati ya Hamburg, ahakorerwa ubushakashatsi bwinshi, buri cyumweru kandi kigakorwa buri bibiri kugeza ku byumweru bitatu.
Muri ubu buryo, barashobora gukusanya amakuru yingirakamaro kubibazo bisanzwe byimodoka zuzuye mumijyi:
- Kubijyanye nabandi bashoferi barenze kure umuvuduko wemewe;
- Imodoka ziparitse cyane cyangwa no kumuhanda;
- Abanyamaguru birengagiza itara ritukura ku itara ry'umuhanda;
- Abatwara amagare bagenda barwanya ingano;
- Cyangwa ndetse no mu masangano aho sensor zihuma amaso kubikorwa cyangwa ibinyabiziga bihagaze nabi.
Imodoka za robo zipimisha mumujyi
Amato y'ibizamini by'izi modoka za robo agizwe na bitanu (kugeza ubu bitavuzwe izina) byuzuye amashanyarazi "yigenga" ya Volkswagen Golfs, ibasha guhanura ibizaba bishobora kugenda mumasegonda icumi mbere yuko bibaho - hifashishijwe amakuru menshi yabonetse mugihe cyenda- icyiciro cyo kugerageza ukwezi kuriyi nzira. Kandi ubu nuburyo ibinyabiziga bitwarwa byigenga bizashobora guhangana ningaruka zose hakiri kare.
Iyi mashanyarazi ya Golf ni laboratoire yukuri kumuziga, ifite ibyuma bitandukanye hejuru yinzu, kuruhande rwimbere no mumbere ninyuma, kugirango isesengure ibintu byose bibakikije hifashishijwe laseri cumi nimwe, radar zirindwi, kamera 14 na ultrasound. Kandi muri buri gice, abajenjeri bakusanyije imbaraga zo kubara za mudasobwa zigendanwa 15 zohereza cyangwa kwakira gigabaýt zigera kuri eshanu ku munota.
Hano, kimwe no kumarushanwa ya Portimão - ariko ndetse birushijeho kubyumva, nkuko imiterere yumuhanda ishobora guhinduka inshuro nyinshi isegonda - icyangombwa ni ugutunganya byihuse kandi icyarimwe gutunganya imibare iremereye cyane nka Hitzinger (ihuza ubumenyi-bwa moteri, kubara hamwe nitsinzi mumasaha 24 kuri Le Mans, umwanya umara mukibaya cya Silicon nkumuyobozi wa tekinike mumushinga wamashanyarazi ya Apple) arabizi neza:
Ati: "Tuzakoresha aya makuru mu kwemeza no kugenzura sisitemu muri rusange. Kandi tuzongera cyane ku buryo ibintu bishobora kubaho kugira ngo dushobore gutegura ibinyabiziga mu bihe byose bishoboka. ”
Umushinga uzagira imbaraga muri uyu mujyi ugenda wiyongera, hamwe no kwaguka kw’ubukungu, ariko hamwe n’abaturage bageze mu za bukuru nabwo burangwa no kwiyongera kw’imodoka (haba ku bagenzi ndetse na ba mukerarugendo ba buri munsi) hamwe n’ingaruka zose z’ibidukikije ndetse n’ingendo zirimo.
Uyu muzunguruko wo mumijyi uzabona impande zose zigera kuri 9 km mumpera za 2020 - mugihe kongere yisi yose izabera muri uyu mujyi muri 2021 - ikazaba ifite amatara 37 yumuhanda hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho ryimodoka (hafi kabiri. nkuko biri muri iki gihe).
Nkuko yabyize mu masaha 24 ya Le Mans yatsindiye nk'umuyobozi wa tekinike wa Porsche muri 2015, Alexander Hitzinger agira ati: "iyi ni marato, ntabwo ari isiganwa ryo gusiganwa, kandi turashaka ko tugera ku murongo wa nyuma uko dushaka." .
Abanditsi: Joaquim Oliveira / Amakuru Yamakuru.
Ikipe ya Razão Automóvel izakomeza kumurongo, amasaha 24 kumunsi, mugihe cya COVID-19. Kurikiza ibyifuzo byubuyobozi bukuru bwubuzima, irinde ingendo zidakenewe. Twese hamwe tuzashobora gutsinda iki cyiciro kitoroshye.