ESP ifatwa nkimwe mu majyambere akomeye mumutekano wimodoka kuva hashyirwaho umukandara. Bigereranijwe ko kuva ryatangira mu 1995, ESP imaze gukumira abantu barenga miliyoni imwe ku isi.
Ariko ESP ni iki? Hihishe inyuma yizi nyuguti eshatu nubusobanuro bwa Porogaramu ya Electronic Stabilite - izwi kandi nka ESC (Electronic Stability Control) cyangwa DSC (Dynamic Stability Control). Guhindura mu Giportigale cyiza tubona Igenzura rya elegitoroniki.
Ni ubuhe butumwa bwawe?
Intego yiyi sisitemu ni ukugabanya amahirwe yo gutwara imodoka mu mfuruka cyangwa ku buso buke.
Ubu ni uburyo bwagutse bwa sisitemu yo kurwanya feri irwanya gufunga (ABS), nkigihe ibonye igihombo cyo kugenzura icyerekezo - nko mubihe biri munsi cyangwa birenze urugero - irashobora gukora kugiti cyayo kuri feri, kugirango ikomeze inzira igenewe mbere n'umushoferi.
Sisitemu zimwe, usibye gukora kuri feri, inagabanya ingufu za moteri kugeza igihe igenzurwa ryimodoka.
Kandi mu ntangiriro habaye ukutumvikana
Nka hamwe ninkuru yibintu byinshi byavumbuwe, iyi nayo yaje kubwimpanuka… mubyukuri nkimpanuka. Muri Gashyantare 1989. Frank Werner-Mohn, umusore wa injeniyeri ya Mercedes-Benz, yakoraga ibizamini by'imbeho muri Suwede inyuma y'uruziga rwa W124 (Icyiciro cya E) muri Gashyantare 1989. Kandi nk'uko tubibona ku ishusho igaragara y'iki kiganiro, ikizamini cyarangiye mu mwobo, imodoka yashyinguwe mu rubura.
Wenyine, kure ya Stromsund, umujyi wegereye, yagombaga gutegereza igihe kirekire kugira ngo akurure - icyo gihe nta terefone zigendanwa zo gutumanaho byihuse.
Igihe cyamwemereraga gutekereza ku byamubayeho, byahise biganisha ku gitekerezo gishobora kumubuza kubura. Byagenda bite se niba sisitemu ya ABS - ikora ku muvuduko wa sisitemu yo gufata feri, ikabuza ibiziga gufunga - ishobora kuvugana na ECU yapimye urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka, igapima impande zinyerera, icyerekezo n'itandukaniro ryihuta hagati y'ibiziga?
Kuva kajugujugu yikinisho kugeza misile Scud
Igitekerezo cyari ukugereranya imbaraga no / cyangwa gukora feri kugiti cyawe kugirango wirinde kunyerera. Muri kiriya gihe, Bosch yakoraga kuri sisitemu isa, ariko hamwe no gutandukanya sisitemu yakoraga gusa mugihe feri yakoreshejwe mugihe cyihutirwa. Igitekerezo cya Werner-Mohn cyaranzwe no kuba sisitemu yahoraga ikora, igahora ikurikirana imyitwarire yimodoka gusa ahubwo ikanareba uko umuhanda umeze.
Tugarutse kuri Mercedes-Benz i Stuttgart, Frank Werner-Mohn hamwe nitsinda rye babonye uruhushya rwo gukora prototype kugirango bashyire mubikorwa. Inzitizi ya mbere kwari ukubona giroskopi yo gupima imodoka igenda. Igisubizo cyari no kugura no kwigomwa kajugujugu! Nibyiza, ntabwo kajugujugu nyayo, ahubwo igikinisho kigenzurwa na kure.
Cyakoze. Igikinisho cya giroscope cyerekanaga ko igitekerezo gishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa. Ariko hari byinshi byari bikenewe. Gyroscope ya kajugujugu byagaragaye ko idahagije kandi hazakenerwa indi ifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya byinshi. Kandi ntibari igice cya kabiri - basanze giroscope ifite ibintu byiza biranga misile Scud!
Ikizamini
Bitwaje "ibikoresho" neza bashoboye kubaka imodoka yo kugerageza. Iterambere ryakomeza kumyaka ibiri.
Icyemezo cyo gutera imbere hamwe no kwinjiza sisitemu mumodoka zitanga umusaruro byaza vuba nyuma yikizamini cyerekanwa nubuyobozi bwa Mercedes-Benz. Muri icyo kizamini, bashyize umwe mubayobozi bakuru b'ikirango - uzwiho gutwara "isoni" - ku ruziga rwa prototype kurwanya abashoferi bemewe b'ikimenyetso ku kiyaga cyakonje.
Abantu bose baratangaye, umuyobozi yarihuse cyane nkabatwara indege. Ikindi kigeragezo hamwe na sisitemu yazimye kandi umwe mubayobozi ntiyatsinze umurongo wa mbere, yikuramo. Imikorere yibizamenyekana nka ESP byagaragaye nta gushidikanya. Ariko… wari uzi ko igitekerezo cya Frank Werner-Mohn cyashinyaguriwe na bamwe mubo mukorana?
Frank Werner-MohnBamaze kubona ko iryo koranabuhanga rishobora gukumira neza skid skid, ubuyobozi bwahise bubyemeza. Icyo gihe, byari ihishurwa.
Muri Werurwe 1991 itara ry'icyatsi ryahawe ESP kugirango yinjizwe mu modoka zitanga umusaruro. Ariko mu 1995 ni bwo ibyo bibaye ku nshuro ya mbere, hamwe na Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W140) yatangiriye bwa sisitemu nshya y'umutekano.
Impyisi ya demokarasi ESP
Ko ikoranabuhanga ryakoze ntagushidikanya. Ariko kugirango ingaruka zayo zigaragare rwose, bigira uruhare mukugabanuka kwibeshya, byari ngombwa gupima no guhuza sisitemu mumodoka nyinshi.
Ibi bizaba muburyo butangaje kandi "byateganijwe" ko Mercedes-Benz yabigizemo uruhare. Mu 1997, igitabo cyo muri Suwede, Teknikens Värld, cyageragezaga icyo gihe gishya cya Mercedes-Benz A-Class, ntoya ya Mercedes. Kimwe mu bizamini byakozwe harimo uburyo bwihutirwa bwo guhunga, kunyura kuri bariyeri hanyuma ugasubira mu kayira kayo.
A-Urwego rwatsinzwe ikizamini kuburyo butangaje.
Amakuru yikizamini cyavuyemo nkumuriro. Umunyamakuru wamupimishije, mugihe asobanura icyo ikizamini kigizwe, ikoreshwa nkurugero inzira yo kwirinda kugongana nimpongo kumuhanda - ibintu bifite amahirwe menshi yo kuba mumihanda ya Suwede - n'izina ryagumye. Ikizamini cy'inyenzi rero cyagize abahohotewe cyane.
Ikibazo cyakemurwa nikirango cyubudage ushyira ESP muburyo bwayo buhendutse. Kubwibyo guhuza ESP murwego rwayo byose ntibyatinze. Nkuko Werner-Mohn abivuga: “Turashimira umunyamakuru wakoze ikizamini kuko yihutishije ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryacu”.
Nyuma yaho gato, Mercedes-Benz yahaye patenti abatanga ikoranabuhanga ntacyo yishyuye.
Icyemezo cya Daimler cyateye ibyiyumvo bivanze kuri Werner-Mohn. Ku ruhande rumwe, yicujije kuba igihangano cye cyatanzwe nta ndishyi z’amafaranga, ariko ku rundi ruhande, yumvise ko icyemezo cyiza cyafashwe, mu kugera kuri buri wese. Ibisubizo birivugira ubwabyo: mugihe cyimyaka 10 abategetsi b’Ubudage batangiye kubona igabanuka ryimpanuka nta ruhare rwabandi bagize mumodoka zifite ESP.
Uyu munsi ESP ni ibikoresho bisanzwe mumodoka nyinshi , kuva abatuye umujyi kugeza siporo nziza. Uruhare rwarwo mumutekano wimodoka ntawahakana. Kandi byose byatangiranye no kuyobora nabi…
Frank Werner-Mohn azasezera muri uyu mwaka nyuma yimyaka 35 hamwe na Mercedes-Benz. Kuri ubu, arimo akora kuri tekinoroji yigenga yo gutwara ibinyabiziga bizatwara imyaka mike kugirango tugere ku modoka "zacu".