Mu kiganiro cye cyambere nabanyamakuru nkumuyobozi mushya kandi wambere wa Stellantis , Igiporutugali Carlos Tavares yatugejejeho ku mubare w'igihangange gishya cy’imodoka cyaturutse ku guhuza FCA (Fiat Chrysler Automobiles) na Groupe PSA, hamwe n'ibyifuzo n'imbogamizi mu myaka iri imbere.
Reka dutangire neza nimibare. Ntabwo ari ubusa ko twerekeza kuri Stellantis nk'igihangange gishya mu nganda z’imodoka, kizaba gifite icyicaro cyacyo i Amsterdam, mu Buholandi.
Imbaraga zishyizwe hamwe muri ayo matsinda yombi zose hamwe ni imiduga 14 yimodoka, kuba mubucuruzi mumasoko arenga 130, ibikorwa byinganda mubihugu birenga 30 nabakozi barenga 400.000 (hamwe nabenegihugu barenga 150).
Kuruhande rwamafaranga, imibare ihuriweho ntago itangaje. Turamutse duhujije ibisubizo bya FCA na Groupe PSA muri 2019 - umwaka batangaje ko bahujwe - twatangaza inyungu yama miliyari 12 z'amayero, amafaranga akoreshwa agera kuri 7% na miliyari eshanu z'amayero yinjira - hiyongereyeho rimwe, nimero ya 2019 ; iziri muri 2020 ntiratangazwa kandi, kubera icyorezo, bizaba biteganijwe ko biri hasi.
Imiterere
Noneho nka Stellantis, dufite itsinda rifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane kwisi, nubwo hari icyuho cyo kuzuza.
Kuruhande rwa FCA, dufite igihagararo gikomeye kandi cyunguka muri Amerika ya ruguru no muri Amerika y'Epfo (3/4 by'amafaranga yinjiye muri 2019 yaturutse kuruhande rwa Atlantike); mugihe muri Groupe PSA dufite Uburayi nkumuntu nyamukuru (uhagarariye 89% byinjira muri 2019), ndetse no kugira urufatiro rukwiye (urubuga rwingufu nyinshi) kugirango dukemure amabwiriza asabwa n "umugabane wa kera".
Gutoragura Ram ntabwo ari moderi yakozwe cyane muri gihangange gishya Stellantis, ahubwo ni imwe mubyunguka cyane.
Muyandi magambo, Groupe PSA, yashakaga kwinjira muri Amerika ya ruguru, ubu irashobora kubikora binyuze mu muryango munini, kandi hari amahirwe akomeye yo guhuza muri Amerika y'Epfo; na FCA, yateraga intambwe yambere muburyo bushya bwo kuvugurura ibikorwa byuburayi mubice byinshi, ubu ifite ibikoresho bigezweho bikwiranye nigihe kizaza (amashanyarazi na hybrid).
Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Amerika y'Epfo n'Uburayi ni uturere dutatu aho Stellantis nshya ikomeye, ariko iracyafite uruhare runini mu burasirazuba bwo hagati no muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Ariko, hariho icyuho kinini muri Stellantis kandi iyi yitwa Ubushinwa. Isoko rinini ryimodoka ku isi ntabwo ryagenze neza haba FCA cyangwa Groupe PSA.
Iyandikishe mu kanyamakuru kacu
Carlos Tavares yemera ibisubizo bitagushimishije mu Bushinwa, ariko ntibisobanuye ko baretse iri soko rikomeye - bitandukanye cyane. Nkuko we ubwe yateye imbere, babanza gushaka kumenya neza ibitaragenze neza, bashizeho itsinda ryihariye ryakazi muriki kibazo ritazagaragaza gusa ibitera gutsindwa, ahubwo rizagaragaza ingamba nshya kugirango Stellantis nayo itere imbere. Ubushinwa.
Guhuriza hamwe, Guhuriza hamwe no Guhuriza hamwe
Tutitaye ku cyuho, ukuri ni uko ayo matsinda yombi yari akomeye mugihe cyo gutangaza kwibumbira hamwe mu Kwakira 2019. Ariko imbaraga ubwazo ntizari zihagije kugirango umuntu atsinde ejo hazaza havuzwe imyaka myinshi, kandi mbere yuko umuntu atekereza. ko isi yahagarara muri 2020 kubera coronavirus.
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zari… kandi zirimo guhinduka bikabije bigenda byihuta, biherekejwe nigiciro kinini. Ibibazo bigomba kuneshwa byitwa decarbonisation na (itegeko) amashanyarazi, kugenda nka serivisi, (ndetse) nabakinnyi bashya bafite ubushobozi bwo guhungabana (nka Tesla), ibinyabiziga byigenga no guhuza (guhuza 5G, kurugero, bimaze kuba kuri gahunda).
Ntibitangaje kubona Tavares yavuze ko ibiciro by'imodoka mu myaka 10 iri imbere, nanone bitewe n'amabwiriza n'udushya, bishobora kuzamuka hagati ya 20% na 40%.
Ibintu bitakwihanganirwa, kubera ko imodoka zigera kuri 40% zihenze, harikibazo kinini cyo gutandukanya igice cyingenzi cyabaguzi, imbaraga zabo zo kugura ntizihagije kugirango ubone iki gisekuru gishya cyimodoka zifite amashanyarazi kandi zihujwe.
Kugirango ibiciro byimikorere bigere kuri bose cyangwa hafi ya bose, abubatsi bakuramo ibiciro bagabanya imipaka yabo (kandi icyarimwe bibangamira iterambere ryikigo), cyangwa ubundi buryo bukenewe, burambye mubukungu burashobora kubafasha guhangana niterambere ryiterambere. ibiciro.
FCA na Groupe PSA bahisemo guhuza kugirango barusheho guhangana nigihe kizaza kitoroshye. Nuburyo bwo guhuza (kandi nanone kugabanya) imbaraga mubushakashatsi no kwiteza imbere no kugabanya ibyo biciro kubice byinshi byakozwe / byagurishijwe. Kwishyira hamwe bisa nkaho ari "kwirwanaho", ariko amaherezo bizahinduka "gutera intambwe", nk'uko Tavares abivuga.
Gusa reba ibyatangajwe kandi bisubirwamo (mumezi 15 ashize) ikiguzi cyo kuzigama giteganijwe muri uku guhuza: hejuru ya miliyari eshanu z'amayero! Kugera kuri byinshi bizashoboka hamwe nibiteganijwe guhuza: mugutezimbere no kubyaza umusaruro ibinyabiziga ubwabyo (40%), mubigura (35%) no mumikoreshereze rusange nubuyobozi (25%).
Kubijyanye no guteza imbere no gukora ibinyabiziga, kurugero, kuzigama bizagerwaho mubijyanye no gutegura, iterambere no kubyaza umusaruro. Kujya kure cyane, tegereza mugihe kizaza guhuza urubuga (ingufu nyinshi kandi amashanyarazi gusa), module na sisitemu; guhuriza hamwe ishoramari muri moteri yaka imbere, amashanyarazi nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga; nibikorwa byunguka mubikorwa byo gukora nibikoresho bifitanye isano.
Bagiye kurangiza ikirango cyangwa gufunga uruganda?
Kuva mu ntangiriro byasezeranijwe ko nta ruganda ruzafungwa. Tavares yashimangiye iri sezerano inshuro nyinshi muriyi nama ya mbere ya Stellantis, ariko we ubwe ntabwo yigeze akinga urugi, kubera ko mu nganda zahindutse vuba, icyari cyizewe uyu munsi, ejo ntikizongera kubaho.
Ntabwo aribyo gusa, kubyerekeye inganda zimodoka. Urugero, Brexit itera gushidikanya ejo hazaza h'uruganda rwa Ellesmere mu Bwongereza; hari ninganda nyinshi (cyane cyane Abanyaburayi) zitsinda rishya rikora munsi yubushobozi, ntabwo rero ryunguka; n'impinduka zikomeye za politiki zirimo kuba (amatora ya Biden muri Amerika, urugero) azabangamira gahunda zavuzwe.
Duhereye ku gufunga inganda zishoboka, bityo rero, akazi gashobora gutakaza akazi, twimukiye kumurimo utoroshye wo gucunga imiduga 14 yimodoka munsi yumutaka umwe: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroen, Dodge, DS Automobiles, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Opel / Vauxhall, Peugeot na Ram. Hoba hari uwugaye? Ikibazo kiremewe. Ntabwo hariho ibirango byinshi munsi yinzu imwe, hariho nibindi byinshi bikorera kumasoko amwe (cyane cyane muburayi) ndetse bikanahatana.
Tugomba gutegereza ibyumweru bike cyangwa amezi kugirango tubone igisubizo cyumvikana, kuko iyi niyo minsi yambere yubuzima bwa Stellantis. Carlos Tavares ntacyo yakoze cyangwa ntakintu na kimwe kijyanye nigihe kizaza cya buri kirango 14, ariko ntiyigeze avuga ko hari n'umwe muri bo ushobora gufunga . Intego yibanze ku muyobozi mushya ni, kuri ubu, gusobanura neza buri wese kandi nkuko Tavares yabivuze: "ibirango byacu byose bizagira amahirwe".
Ariko, nubwo yagerageje kwirinda kubaganirira wenyine, ntabwo yashoboye kubikora. Kurugero, umugambi wo kujyana Peugeot muri Amerika ya ruguru - umaze gutangazwa inshuro nyinshi mumyaka ibiri ishize - wongeye gutera intambwe none, hamwe na Stellantis, basanzwe bafite igihagararo gikomeye mukarere. Icyibandwaho ubu kiri kumurongo usanzwe uhari.
Opel yavuzwe na Tavares, ategereza amakuru menshi mubihe biri imbere "hamwe nikoranabuhanga rikwiye" - yashakaga kuvuga imvange na / cyangwa amashanyarazi? Birumvikana neza ko yego. Alfa Romeo na Maserati, nubwo ibikorwa byubucuruzi biri munsi yibyateganijwe mumyaka yashize, Tavares izi agaciro kayo mumiterere ya Stellantis kuba ishyizwe mubice bya premium na luxe, nkuko bisanzwe, byunguka kurusha ibindi.
Ubushobozi bwibirango nka Alfa Romeo na…
Kubirebana na Fiat (Uburayi) hamwe nubusaza bukuru, iterambere rishya naryo ryitezwe ko ryihuta mumyaka 2-3 iri imbere, kugirango ryuzuze icyuho mubice byingenzi.
Fiat irashobora kwitega uburyo busa nuburyo twabonye kuri Opel nyuma yo kugurwa na Groupe PSA, aho Corsa nshya yatunganijwe vuba "ihujwe" na Peugeot 208. Ibyo Tavares yita "imodoka zumuvandimwe" (gusangira urubuga, ubukanishi nibice bitandukanye "bitagaragara", ariko bitandukanijwe muburyo bugaragara imbere n'imbere) kandi bigomba guhita byihutirwa bikenewe mubutaliyani.
Mu gusoza
Biracyari iminsi yambere ya Stellantis. Carlos Tavares, umuyobozi mukuru wambere, arashobora kuduha bike cyangwa byinshi, kurubu, kuruta urutonde rusange rwinzira yo kunyura kuri Stellantis yerekeza ahazaza bisa nkibigoye kuruta mbere hose.
Uku guhuza kuringaniza bisa nkibisobanutse mubitera: kugera kubufatanye nubukungu bwikigereranyo gikenewe kugirango habeho guhangana mumatsinda (mashya) mumasosiyete ahindura ibinyabiziga kandi, uko bishoboka kwose, byemeza kandi kugenda bishobora gukomeza kuba abantu benshi bashoboka.
Carlos Tavares yerekanye, igihe, ko ari umuntu ukwiye kubigeraho, kuko afite ubumenyi bukwiye. Ariko kandi ni ukuri ko atigeze ahura n'ikibazo ku rugero runini nka Stellantis.