Mu 1957, Fiat yatangiye kuzamuka kuva mu ntambara nyuma y’intambara hashyizwe ahagaragara Nuova 500, mini yo mu mujyi, ikwiranye n’ubukungu bw’abataliyani (ku rwego rwa mbere), ariko no ku Banyaburayi. Nyuma yimyaka 63, yongeye kwisubiraho maze 500 nshya ihinduka amashanyarazi gusa, iba moderi yambere yitsinda ryabaye.
500 ni imwe mu moderi ya Fiat ifite inyungu nziza, yagurishijwe hafi 20% hejuru yaya marushanwa, bitewe nigishushanyo cyayo cya retro gitera dolce vita kahise ka Nuova 500.
Ryatangijwe mu 2007, igisekuru cya kabiri gikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye cyo gukundwa, aho kugurisha buri mwaka buri gihe hagati ya 150.000 na 200.000, bititaye kumategeko yubuzima bwigisha ko imodoka ikuze, niko idakurura abaguzi. Gutsindishiriza imiterere yikigereranyo - nibishushanyo byunguka gusa imyaka - mumyaka ibiri ishize byageze kuri 190 000 kwiyandikisha.
hitamo icyerekezo cyiza
Gutera imodoka nshya 500 y'amashanyarazi bisa nkaho rero, intambwe yingenzi muburyo bwiza. Fiat yafashe umwanya wo kumenyekanisha imodoka yamashanyarazi 100% aribyo - niba dukuyemo 500e yambere guhera 2013, intego yicyitegererezo yubatswe kugirango yubahirize amabwiriza ya Californiya (USA) - niyo yabaye iyambere mumatsinda ya Fiat Chrysler, agaragaza gutinda ya consortium yo muri Amerika ya ruguru muriki gice.
Ninde ushimira mr. “Tesla” usanzwe ubona umufuka we wuzuye bitewe ninguzanyo zangiza imyuka yitegura kugurisha muri FCA, kure yukubasha kugera kuntego za CO2 muri 2020/2021.
Iyandikishe mu kanyamakuru kacu
Gusa kandi iki cyihutirwa cyo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya CO2 gihita gishimangira ko, murwego rwo guhuza byihuse hagati ya FCA na Groupe PSA, ntibishoboka gutegereza ko hajyaho imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi y’Abafaransa na moderi y’Ubutaliyani nyuma yuko consortia zombi zashoboye kurangiza ubumwe bwabo , mubyukuri, bigomba kuba mugihembwe cyambere cyumwaka utaha.
Ibice 80.000 byamashanyarazi mashya 500 ateganijwe mumwaka wambere wuzuye (ku ruganda rwa Mirafiori rwavuguruwe cyane) bizaba ubufasha bwingirakamaro kugirango kwanduza FCA bitangire gushingwa.
Amashanyarazi, yego… Ariko hejuru ya 500
Iyi rero, imwe mumodoka yashoboye gufata neza amateka ya kera no kuyahuza n'imirongo igezweho muburyo bukurura abantu bose, nta kimenyetso cyo gusaza. Kandi ni icyitegererezo gifite ishusho isumba iyindi ya Fiats, kugeza aho, uyumunsi, umuyobozi mukuru wa Renault Group, umutaliyani Luca De Meo, yaje, mugihe cye nkumuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza Fiat, kugirango atekereze kurema a sub-brand 500…
Niyo mpamvu, nubwo hamwe na platform nshya hamwe na sisitemu yo gutambuka itigeze ibaho (Laura Farina, injeniyeri mukuru, anyizeza ko "munsi ya 4% yibigize moderi nshya bitwarwa mbere"), amashanyarazi mashya 500 afite yemeje imyenda, yisubiraho, guhera muri 500, icyemezo cy'ibanze, nk'uko byatangajwe na Klaus Busse, visi perezida w’ibishushanyo muri FCA Europe:
"Igihe twatangizaga amarushanwa y'imbere ya Fiat yoroheje, twakiriye ibyifuzo bitandukanye cyane na bimwe mubigo byacu byuburyo, ariko kuri njye byaragaragaye ko iyi yaba inzira igana imbere".
Imodoka yakuze (cm 5,6 z'uburebure na cm 6.1 z'ubugari), ariko ibipimo byagumyeho, gusa ubonye ko kwaguka kumurongo kuri cm zirenga 5 nabyo byatumye habaho kwaguka kwuruziga rw'ibiziga, kugirango imodoka irusheho “ imitsi ”.
Busse ndetse asobanura ko "500 kuva 1957 yari ifite isura ibabaje kandi kubera ko yari ikinyabiziga cy'inyuma nticyari gikeneye grille y'imbere, 500 kuva 2007 bose bari bamwenyuye, ariko Fiat yabonye igisubizo cya tekiniki cyo gukora gito, kimanurwa imirasire ya radiator none Novo 500, isura yo mumaso yarushijeho gukomera, itanga hamwe na grill kuko idakenera gukonja mugihe hatabayeho moteri yaka "(grile yo hepfo ya horizontal ikoreshwa kugirango ikonje mugihe ushizemo ingufu nyinshi) .
impinduramatwara imbere I.
Muri 500 nshya, imbere nayo iratera imbere cyane, hamwe na sisitemu ya infotainment igezweho ikoreshwa na Fiat kugeza ubu. Hariho udushya twa "Dolce Vita" nk'ijwi ryo kuburira abanyamaguru ko uhari, ibisabwa n'amategeko kumuvuduko kuva 5 kugeza 20 km / h. Nibyo gusa, reka tubitege amaso, nibyiza cyane kumenyeshwa injyana ya Nino Rota ya firime Amarcord (na Federico Fellini) kuruta hum ya cyborg nkuko bibaho mumodoka nyinshi zamashanyarazi uyumunsi.
Hariho inyungu zo kubaho bitewe no kwiyongera k'ubugari n'uburebure (uruziga rw'ibiziga narwo rwiyongereyeho cm 2) kandi ibi biragaragara cyane mubugari bw'igitugu imbere kandi ntabwo cyane mubyumba byinyuma inyuma bikomeza gukomera cyane.
Nagerageje kwicara inyuma yumuduga wimodoka ya 2007 niyi kuva muri 2020 mpagarika gukomeretsa inkokora yanjye yibumoso hejuru yumuryango cyangwa ivi ryanjye ryiburyo ku gice gikikije uwatoranije ibikoresho, muriki gihe kuko nta kwanduza ibintu bisanzwe, kuko hariya ni umwanya munini cyane wubusa hasi kandi munsi yimodoka yatunganijwe. Nkigisubizo, konsole yo hagati ifite umwanya umwe wo kubika ibintu bito, iyariho imaze kongera ubunini bwa 4.2 l.
Igice cya gants nacyo kinini cyane kandi gitonyanga (aho “kugwa”) iyo gifunguwe, kikaba kidasanzwe muri iki gice, ariko ibikoresho byoherejwe (muri rusange birakomeye kuruta ibyabanjirije) hamwe na panne yinzugi byose birakomeye, nkuko wakwitega: nyuma ya byose, ibi nibibazo byimodoka zose zamashanyarazi, ndetse nimodoka zo murwego rwohejuru hamwe na moderi zose za A-segment. Ku murongo wa kabiri, inyungu ntizigaragara.
impinduramatwara y'imbere II
Ikibaho kiringaniye rwose kandi kirimo ubugenzuzi buke bwumubiri (ibihari bisa nurufunguzo rwa piyano) hanyuma bigashyirwa hejuru hamwe na ecran ya infotainment 10.25 ”(muri iyi verisiyo), igashyirwaho neza kuburyo buri mukoresha ashobora kubona byoroshye ibintu akeneye gutekereza. kuba ingirakamaro cyane.
Ibishushanyo, umuvuduko wibikorwa, birashoboka guhuza icyarimwe na terefone ebyiri zigendanwa, guhitamo imyirondoro yabakoresha bagera kuri batanu bigize gusimbuka kwantant ugereranije nibyo Fiat yari ifite kumasoko kugeza ubu kandi biri mubikoresho bisanzwe muribi bikungahaye. ibikoresho byo gutangiza “La Prima” (ibice 500 kuri buri gihugu cya cabrio, bimaze kugurishwa, none ibindi 500 byo hejuru yinzu, hamwe nibiciro bitangirira kuri € 34,900).
Hano hari ibyuma birebire byikora, kugenzura ubwenge, kugenzura mudasobwa ya AppleCar hamwe na Android Auto hamwe no kwishyuza terefone igendanwa, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma byihuta, gufata feri byihutirwa hamwe nabanyamaguru hamwe nabagenzi ku magare, ndetse n'imbere hamwe n'ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa hamwe na eco-uruhu ( plastiki zagaruwe mu nyanja), bivuze ko nta nyamaswa zatambwe mugihe cyo kuyikora.
7 "igikoresho cyibikoresho nacyo kigizwe na digitale kandi cyemerera iboneza, ryemerera amakuru menshi kuboneka hagati ya moniteur zombi, byoroshye kugerwaho, ukurikije ibyashobokaga kubyumva muribi byambere byabaye inyuma yibiziga, byabereye kuri umujyi wa Turin, ukwezi kurenga mbere yo kwerekana kumugaragaro abanyamakuru, bizabera no mumujyi wa Fiat.
Uburambe bwo gutwara
Ndetse hamwe nibibazo bike mubitekerezo - nkukuntu Fiat igiye kugurisha 500 kuva mubisekuru byabanjirije, ubu bikabaho gusa nka Hybrid yoroheje (yoroheje-hybrid), hamwe n'amashanyarazi mashya 100%, ariko bikaba byuzuye- imodoka yahunze. shyashya kandi hafi yikubye kabiri igiciro, niyo verisiyo ya "access" igera murwego mbere yumwaka urangiye - ibyari byitezwe byari byinshi kugirango tubone uko inkorora nshya ivuye mubirango byabataliyani ikora.
Amwe mumakuru yibanze kugirango tumenye ibyo dufite mumaboko, byasobanuwe numu injeniyeri mukuru, Laura Farina, na mbere yo gutangira urugendo rwiminota 45, bitarenze 28 km:
Ati: “Batare, yakozwe na Samsung, ishyirwa hagati yimigozi hasi yimodoka, ni ion ya lithium kandi ifite ubushobozi bwa kilowati 42 hamwe nuburemere bwa kg 290, bigatuma uburemere bwimodoka bugera kuri 1300, kugaburira moteri y'amashanyarazi imbere ya 118 hp ”.
Ingaruka zibi bintu biremereye, imodoka yimodoka yikurura ryaragabanutse kandi ikwirakwizwa ryimbaga iringaniza (Madamu Farina abishyira kuri 52% -48%, naho 60% -40% mubamubanjirije lisansi), gusezeranya imyitwarire idafite aho ibogamiye.
Hanyuma, inyuma yiziga ryamashanyarazi mashya 500
Mfunguye urumuri rwa canvas rujya kumupfundikizo wumutwe - hamwe na 185 l imwe na 500 ishaje - bigatuma urugendo ruba rwinshi kandi rwiza, ariko nkabuza kureba inyuma, kandi ngerageza gutuma amatwi yunvikana muminota yoroheje ya muzika - cyangwa ibinyuranye -versa - ariko nta ntsinzi, byibuze ahantu hafunguye (kandi birumvikana: ni ukuburira abanyamaguru, ntabwo ari umushoferi, kubyerekeye imodoka igenda "kunyerera").
Ikizunguruka nticyatinze kubona amanota yo kubasha guhindurwa ubujyakuzimu (imwe rukumbi mu ishuri), kimwe n'uburebure hamwe n’ahantu hake cyane kugira umwanya muto "uryamye" (munsi ya 1.5º), gushiraho ijwi ryo kwinezeza iminota 45 utwaye.
Imihanda yo mumijyi yumurwa mukuru wa Piedmontese yuzuye ibinogo nibisumizi, byerekana neza ko, nubwo byateguwe kugirango habeho igisubizo kiboneye hagati yo guhumurizwa no gutuza, amashanyarazi mashya 500 akandagira cyane kurusha ayayabanjirije.
Rimwe na rimwe, guhagarikwa ni urusaku ruke kandi bigahindura umubiri (n'amagufa y'abantu imbere), ariko mu ndishyi habaho inyungu zigaragara mu gutuza (ubikesha iyo nzira yagutse). Inzitizi zatewe no gutanga ako kanya 220 Nm ya tque, mugihe dufite ikirenge kiremereye, icungwa neza na axe y'imbere, byibuze kumuzenguruko hamwe na asfalt hamwe no guterana amagambo twatoraguye munzira.
3.1s kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 50 km / h birashobora gutuma amashanyarazi mashya 500 aba umwami wamatara yumuhanda hanyuma agasiga Ferrari yubushye hamwe numuriro, ariko ntabwo ari byiza cyane gufata ubu bwoko bwindirimbo zikaze, zizewe ko zizishyurwa kuri igitambo cy'ubwigenge.
Ibyo ari byo byose, iyi nyandiko iragaragara ko ifite akamaro kuruta kwiruka kuva 0 kugeza 100 km / h muri 9s, urebye ko 500 izakoresha igice kinini cyayo mumashyamba yo mumijyi. Aho diameter ihinduranya ya m 9 gusa cyangwa sisitemu nshya ya 360 ° sensor yemerera kubyara zenithal, nkaho yafashwe na drone, ni ingirakamaro cyane.
Kujya kure?
Ba injeniyeri b'Abataliyani bavuga 320 km . ibyo ntibyakwemerera kurenga kilometero 285 kumurongo umwe wuzuye.
Hamwe no kwiyongera kwiyi nyandiko imaze kugerwaho muburyo bwa Range, imwe muri eshatu ziboneka kandi ifasha kujya kure, kuko yongerera ubushobozi bushya binyuze mukwihuta.
Ubundi buryo bubiri nibisanzwe na Sherpa. Iyambere ireka imodoka ikazunguruka cyane - cyane, ndetse - hanyuma ikazimya ibikoresho bitwara bateri nko guhumeka no gushyushya intebe, nkuyoboye abizerwa kuri Himalaya, byemeza ko imizigo yagaciro igera aho igana.
Numvise mugenzi wanjye wo mubinyamakuru byo muri Espagne binubira ko kwihuta muburyo bwa Range byari birenze, ibi mbere yuko mpinduka. Ntabwo nkunda kutemeranya kubwo kutavuga rumwe, ariko bwari uburyo nakunze cyane, kuko bugufasha gutwara "hamwe na pedal imwe" (pedal yihuta, ukibagirwa feri) niba inzira ikozwe neza - gucunga neza inzira ya pedal iburyo, nta na rimwe feri itoroha, ahubwo urumva ko wihuta kandi feri icyarimwe. Uburyo bwo gutwara bwaba bubi mumodoka ifite moteri yaka, ariko ikongeramo ibyiza hano.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko muburyo bwa Sherpa umuvuduko ugarukira kuri 80 km / h (kandi imbaraga ntizirenga 77 hp), ariko ibisohoka ntarengwa ni intambwe gusa uvuye munsi yumuvuduko, kugirango hatabaho ikibazo. birababaje imbere yo gukenera imbaraga zitunguranye.
Kwishyuza 100% ya bateri muguhinduranya amashanyarazi (AC) kugeza kuri 11 kW bizatwara 4h15min (kugeza 3kW bizaba 15h), ariko mugihe cyo kwishyuza byihuse mumashanyarazi ataziguye (DC, kuri 500 nshya ifite kabili ya Mode 3) kuri a ntarengwa ya 85 kW, inzira imwe irashobora gufata iminota itarenze 35.
Kandi, mugihe ufite sitasiyo yihuta yihuta hafi, urashobora no kongeramo 50 km byubwigenge mugihe kitarenze iminota itanu - igihe cyo kunywa cappuccino - hanyuma ugakomeza urugendo murugo.
Fiat ikubiyemo agasanduku k'urukuta ku giciro cy'imodoka, ituma kwishyuza murugo ufite ingufu za 3 kWt, ishobora kuba (ku giciro cyiyongereye) inshuro zirenga ebyiri kugeza kuri 7.4 kWt, bigatuma igiciro kimwe cyuzuye gishobora gukorwa mumasaha arenga atandatu gusa. .
Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki
| Fiat 500 "La Prima" | |
|---|---|
| moteri y'amashanyarazi | |
| Umwanya | Imbere |
| Ubwoko | Imashini ihoraho |
| imbaraga | 118 hp |
| Binary | 220 Nm |
| Ingoma | |
| Ubwoko | lithium ion |
| Ubushobozi | 42 kWt |
| Ingwate | Imyaka 8/160 000 km (70% yumutwaro) |
| Kugenda | |
| Gukurura | Imbere |
| Agasanduku k'ibikoresho | gare imwe yihuta |
| Chassis | |
| Guhagarikwa | FR: Yigenga - MacPherson; TR: Semi-rigid, Torque Bar |
| feri | FR: Disiki ihumeka; TR: Ingoma |
| Icyerekezo | ubufasha bw'amashanyarazi |
| Umubare wimpinduka zumuzingi | 3.0 |
| guhindura diameter | 9,6 m |
| Ibipimo n'ubushobozi | |
| Komp. x Ubugari x Alt. | 3632mm x 1683mm x 1527mm |
| Uburebure hagati yigitereko | 2322 mm |
| ubushobozi bwa ivalisi | 185 l |
| Inziga | 205/40 R17 |
| Ibiro | 1330 kg |
| Gukwirakwiza Ibiro | 52% -48% (FR-TR) |
| Ibiteganijwe hamwe nibikoreshwa | |
| Umuvuduko ntarengwa | 150 km / h (kuri elegitoroniki ntarengwa) |
| 0-50 km / h | 3.1s |
| 0-100 km / h | 9.0s |
| Gukoresha hamwe | 13.8 kWt / 100 km |
| Umwuka wa CO2 | 0 g / km |
| Kwishyira hamwe | 320 km |
| Kuremera | |
| 0-100% | AC - 3 kWt, 15h30; AC - 11 kW, 4h15min; DC - 85 kW, 35min |