Toyota, yari ku isonga mu bwihindurize no guhindura ibinyabiziga igana ku bidukikije kandi birambye - mu 1997 ni bwo Toyota Prius yatangiye gucuruza ibicuruzwa byayo, ibivangwa na Hybrid ya mbere yakozwe - byongeye “kuzunguruka amaboko ”.
Icyiciro cyisi ikirango cyabayapani gikora kirahinduka byihuse kandi ibibazo byibidukikije duhura nabyo bigomba guhura - ubushyuhe bwisi, ihumana ryikirere numutungo kamere muto.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Hybrid ryonyine ntirishobora kuba rihagije, nubwo ingaruka z’imodoka nyinshi zivanze kuva 1997 - zirenga miliyoni 12, bihwanye no kugabanuka kwa toni miliyoni 90 za CO2 zasohotse. Umubare uteganijwe kwiyongera cyane mu myaka iri imbere, hamwe no kwagura ikoranabuhanga kugera ku ngero nyinshi - intego yo kugurisha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi miliyoni 1.5 ku mwaka muri 2020 yari imaze kugerwaho muri 2017, bityo rero ntabwo biteganijwe ko igabanuka.
Nigute Toyota yihutisha amashanyarazi ya moderi zayo?
Toyota Hybrid Sisitemu II (THS II)
THS II ikomeje kuba urukurikirane / sisitemu ya Hybrid sisitemu, mu yandi magambo, moteri yaka na moteri yamashanyarazi bikoreshwa mugutwara ikinyabiziga, hamwe na moteri yumuriro nayo ishobora gukora nka moteri yamashanyarazi kugirango ikore moteri y'amashanyarazi. Moteri irashobora gukora ukwayo cyangwa hamwe, bitewe nibihe, burigihe ishakisha imikorere myiza.
Gahunda yamaze gutegurwa mumyaka icumi iri imbere (2020-2030) kandi intego irasobanutse. Kugeza 2030 Toyota ifite intego yo kugurisha imodoka zirenga miriyoni 5.5 mumashanyarazi, murimwe miriyoni izaba ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi 100% - yaba ikoreshwa na batiri cyangwa selile.
Ingamba zishingiye ku kwihuta kwihuse mugutezimbere no gutangiza ibinyabiziga byinshi bivangavanze (HEV, ibinyabiziga bivangavanze), imashini icomeka (PHEV, imashini icomeka), ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (BEV, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ) hamwe na lisansi yamashanyarazi (FCEV, ibinyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi).
Rero, mumwaka wa 2025, moderi zose murwego rwa Toyota (harimo na Lexus) zizaba zifite amashanyarazi cyangwa moderi itanga amashanyarazi gusa, bikagabanuka kugeza kuri zeru moderi yateye imbere ititaye kumashanyarazi.
Icyagaragaye ni ugushyira ahagaragara 10% 100 byamashanyarazi mumyaka iri imbere, guhera mubushinwa hamwe namashanyarazi ya C-HR izwi cyane muri 2020. Nyuma Toyota 100% amashanyarazi azamenyekana buhoro buhoro mubuyapani, Ubuhinde, Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika , kandi birumvikana, i Burayi.
Iyo tuvuze amashanyarazi, duhita duhuza bateri, ariko kuri Toyota nayo isobanura selile . Muri 2014 Toyota yashyize ahagaragara Mirai, salo ya selile yambere ya lisansi yakozwe murukurikirane, ubu ikaba igurishwa mubuyapani, Amerika n'Uburayi. Mugihe twinjiye mumyaka icumi iri imbere, urutonde rwibinyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi ntibizagurwa gusa kubinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi gusa ahubwo no kubinyabiziga byubucuruzi.
Gushimangira imvange
Gutera imvange ni ugukomeza no gushimangira. Mu 1997 ni bwo twahuye nuruhererekane rwa mbere rwakozwe na Hybrid, Toyota Prius, ariko uyumunsi urwego ruvanze kuva Yaris ntoya kugeza kuri bulkier RAV4.
Toyota Hybrid System II, isanzwe igaragara muri Prius iheruka na C-HR, izagurwa kugeza kuri moderi nshya zegereye isoko, nka Corolla yagarutse (kandi nshya). Ariko bizwi 122 hp 1.8 HEV vuba aha bizahuzwa na Hybrid ikomeye cyane. Bizaba Toyota Corolla nshya kugirango itangire bwa mbere 2.0 HEV, hamwe na juicier 180 hp.
Ubu buryo bushya bwa Hybrid bwubakiye ku mbaraga za sisitemu ya kane ya Hybrid sisitemu, nkibikorwa bya peteroli byagaragaye, hamwe no gusubiza hamwe no guhuza umurongo, ariko byongeraho imbaraga nyinshi, kwihuta nimyumvire irenze. Nk’uko Toyota ibivuga, iyi ni igitekerezo cyihariye, nta zindi moteri zisanzwe zishobora gutanga icyerekezo kimwe cyimikorere n’ibyuka bihumanya.
Moteri ya 2.0 Dynamic Force yaka, nubwo yiyemeje neza imikorere, ntiyibagiwe imikorere, igaragaramo igipimo kinini cyo kwikuramo 14: 1, kandi igera ku gipimo cya 40% yubushyuhe bwumuriro, cyangwa 41% iyo ihujwe na sisitemu ya Hybrid, tubikesha kugabanya igihombo cyingufu zijyanye na sisitemu yo gukonjesha no gukonjesha. Iyi moteri yujuje amabwiriza agenga imyuka ihumanya nigihe kizaza.
Iki cyifuzo gishya kizerekanwa mbere na Toyota Corolla nshya, ariko kizagera kuri moderi nyinshi, nka C-HR.
Mugihe twinjiye mumyaka icumi iri imbere, kwagura tekinoroji ya Hybrid kuri moderi nyinshi nugukomeza, haba hamwe niyi 2.0 nshya, no kurundi ruhande rwikigereranyo, tuzabona uburyo bwo kwinjiza ibintu byoroshye, kugirango tubone ubwoko bwose bwa abakiriya.
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