Buri mwaka bp itanga raporo isesengura uko amasoko yingufu zimeze, “ bp Isubiramo ryibarurishamibare ryingufu zisi “. Nkuko byari byitezwe, ibyasohotse ubu mumwaka wa 2020 birerekana "ingaruka zikomeye icyorezo cyisi cyagize ku masoko yingufu".
Gukoresha ingufu zambere hamwe n’ibyuka bya karuboni biva mu gukoresha ingufu byaragabanutse cyane kuva Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose (1939-1945).
Ku rundi ruhande, ingufu zisubirwamo, zakomeje inzira yazo yo gukura gukomeye, hibandwa ku mbaraga z’umuyaga n’izuba, zikaba zarazamutse cyane.
Ibintu nyamukuru biranga isi
Muri 2020, ingufu z'ibanze zagabanutseho 4.5% - igabanuka rikomeye kuva 1945 (umwaka Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yarangiye). Iri gabanuka ryatewe ahanini na peteroli, bingana na bitatu bya kane byamanutse.
Ibiciro bya gaze bisanzwe byagabanutse kugeza kumyaka myinshi; icyakora, umugabane wa gaze mu mbaraga zambere wakomeje kwiyongera, ugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa 24.7%.
Umuyaga, izuba n’amashanyarazi byiyandikishije byiyongera, nubwo ingufu zikenerwa n’isi yose. Ubushobozi bw'umuyaga n'izuba bwiyongereye kugera kuri 238 GW muri 2020 - birenga 50% by'ibindi bihe byose mumateka.
Ukurikije igihugu, Leta zunzubumwe za Amerika, Ubuhinde n'Uburusiya byagaragaye ko byagabanutse cyane mu gukoresha ingufu mu mateka. Ubushinwa bwazamutse cyane (2,1%), kimwe mu bihugu bike aho ingufu ziyongereye umwaka ushize.
Umwuka wa karuboni ukomoka ku gukoresha ingufu wagabanutseho 6% muri 2020, igabanuka rikomeye kuva 1945.
Spencer Dale, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubukungu muri bp“Kuri iyi raporo - nko kuri benshi muri twe - 2020 tuzarangwa nk'umwe mu myaka itangaje kandi itoroshye. Ifungwa ryakomeje ku isi hose ryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku masoko y’ingufu, cyane cyane kuri peteroli, icyifuzo cy’ubwikorezi kikaba cyaragabanutse. ”
Yakomeje agira ati: "Igishimishije ni uko 2020 nawo wari umwaka w'ibishobora kuvugururwa kugira ngo bigaragare mu musaruro w'ingufu ku isi, byerekana iterambere ryihuse kuruta ibindi byose - biterwa ahanini n'igiciro kijyanye no kubyara ingufu ziva mu makara. Izi mpinduka nizo isi ikeneye guhangana n’uko itabogamye kwa karubone - iri terambere rikomeye rizaha umwanya munini ibivugururwa ugereranije n’amakara. ”
Mu Burayi
Umugabane w’Uburayi uragaragaza kandi ingaruka z’icyorezo ku ikoreshwa ry’ingufu - gukoresha ingufu z’ibanze byagabanutseho 8.5% muri 2020, bigera ku rwego rwo hasi kuva mu 1984. Ibi kandi byagaragaye no kugabanuka kwa 13% by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikomoka ku gukoresha ingufu, ibyo iranga agaciro kayo kuva byibuze 1965.Hanyuma, ikoreshwa rya peteroli na gaze naryo ryaragabanutse, hamwe nigitonyanga cya 14% na 3%, ariko igabanuka ryinshi ryanditswe kurwego rwamakara (yagabanutseho 19%), umugabane wabo wagabanutse kugera kuri 11%, munsi kunshuro yambere kuvugurura, ni 13%.
Imyaka 70 ya bp Isubiramo Imibare Yingufu Zisi
Raporo yasohotse bwa mbere mu 1952, raporo y’ibarurishamibare yabaye isoko yamakuru, yuzuye kandi yisesengura ifasha inganda, guverinoma nabasesenguzi kumva neza no gusobanura iterambere ribera kumasoko yingufu zisi. Nyuma yigihe, yatanze amakuru kubice bitangaje cyane mumateka ya sisitemu yisi yose, harimo ikibazo cya Canal ya Suez yo mu 1956, Ikibazo cya peteroli yo muri 1973, impinduramatwara ya Irani yo muri 1979, hamwe n’impanuka ya Fukushima yo mu 2011.
Ibindi byingenzi
PETROLEUM:
- Ikigereranyo cya peteroli (Brent) cyari $ 41.84 kuri barrale muri 2020 - cyo hasi cyane kuva 2004.
- Isi ikenera peteroli yagabanutseho 9.3%, aho igabanuka ryinshi ryanditswe muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika (-2.3 million b / d), Uburayi (-1.5 million b / d) n'Ubuhinde (-480 000 b / d). Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu cyonyine aho ibicuruzwa byiyongereye (+220.000 b / d).
- Uruganda rutunganya kandi rwanditseho amanota 8.3 ku ijana, ruhagaze kuri 73.9%, urwego rwo hasi kuva 1985.
GAZ GASANZWE:
- Ibiciro bya gaze gasanzwe byanditseho igabanuka ryimyaka myinshi: impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyo muri Amerika ya ruguru Henry Hub yari $ 1.99 / mmBtu muri 2020 - ikaba yo hasi cyane kuva 1995 - mugihe ibiciro bya gaze gasanzwe muri Aziya (Ubuyapani Koreya Marker) byanditse kurwego rwo hasi cyane, bikagera kubyo byanditseho hasi ($ 4.39 / mmBtu).
- Nyamara, umugabane wa gaze karemano nkingufu zambere wakomeje kwiyongera, ugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa 24.7%.
- Itangwa rya gaze gasanzwe ryiyongereyeho bcm 4 cyangwa 0,6%, munsi yiterambere ryagereranijwe ryanditswe mumyaka 10 ishize, ya 6.8%. Itangwa rya gaze gasanzwe muri Amerika ryiyongereyeho 14cm (29%), bikagabanywa igice cyo kugabanuka kugaragara mu turere twinshi, nk'Uburayi na Afurika.
Amakara:
- Gukoresha amakara byagabanutseho 6.2 ex joules (EJ), cyangwa 4.2%, biterwa no kugwa gufashwa muri Amerika (-2.1 EJ) no mubuhinde (-1.1 EJ). Gukoresha amakara muri OECD bigeze ku rwego rwo hasi cyane mu mateka, nkurikije amakuru yakusanyijwe na bp guhera mu 1965.
- Ubushinwa na Maleziya byagaragaye ko bidasanzwe kuko byanditseho ko amakara yiyongereyeho 0.5 EJ na 0.2 EJ.
GUSUBIZA, AMAZI N'AMAFARANGA:
- Ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa (harimo na biyogi, ariko ukuyemo hydro) ziyongereyeho 9.7%, ku muvuduko gahoro ugereranije no kwiyongera kw'ikigereranyo cyo mu myaka 10 ishize (13.4% ku mwaka), ariko hamwe no gukura byimazeyo mu bijyanye n'ingufu (2.9 EJ), ugereranije na gukura kugaragara muri 2017, 2018 na 2019.
- Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yakuze yandika 1.3 EJ (20%). Nyamara, umuyaga (1.5 EJ) wagize uruhare runini mukuzamuka kwinshi.
- Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yiyongereyeho 127 GW, mu gihe ingufu z'umuyaga ziyongereyeho 111 GW - zikubye hafi kabiri urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukura rwanditswe mbere.
- Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu cyagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura ibivugururwa (1.0 EJ), bikurikirwa na USA (0.4 EJ). Nkakarere, Uburayi nicyo cyagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura uru rwego, hamwe na 0.7 EJ.
AMATORA:
- Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi wagabanutseho 0,9% - igabanuka rikabije ugereranije n'iyanditswe muri 2009 (-0.5%), umwaka umwe rukumbi, ukurikije amakuru ya bp (guhera mu 1985), wagabanutse ku gukenera amashanyarazi.
- Umugabane w’ibishobora kuvugururwa mu musaruro w’ingufu wazamutse uva kuri 10.3% ugera kuri 11.7%, mu gihe amakara yagabanutseho 1,3 ku ijana agera kuri 35.1% - byongeye kugabanuka kwa bp.