Volkswagen (kana kuti "mota yevanhu", yakashandurwa sezvairi) yakazvarwa pakati pe1937 uye yaizopedzisira yazvisimbisa semhando yakabudirira, kwete muGermany chete asiwo muEurope yese. Pashure pezvose, kusvikira 1960 Volkswagen injini haana kupfuura 36 hp - anononoka asi kuramba, zvishoma mufananidzo pashure hondo Germany pacharo.
NeGermany mukuparara, Volkswagen yakatora mufananidzo weGermany kupora uye kukunda mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Kufanana? Nekusimbisa chinzvimbo chayo mumusika, nekutangwa kwemamodheru matsva, inobheja tekinoroji uye nzira yekutaurirana iyo yakaratidza zvizvarwa.
Parizvino, Volkswagen Group nderimwe remaindasitiri hofori, kana asiri "hofori", muridzi wemhando dzakadai Audi, Bentley, Lamborghini, SEAT uye Porsche, pakati pevamwe. Muna 2007, Volkswagen yakanga yatotengesa motokari dzinopfuura mamiriyoni makumi mashanu munyika dzinopfuura zana, nhamba iyo mamwe emhando dzakataurwa mumutsara uyu akabatsira. Idzi dzaive sarudzo dzedu:
Volkswagen Golf
Volkswagen yekutanga vhiri rekutyaira compact yakabuda mumitsetse yekugadzira muna 1974, iine basa rakaoma rekutevera mumatsimba emota inozivikanwa kwazvo, Beetle (handei…).
Chizvarwa chekutanga chakatora mazita akasiyana: Volkswagen Rabbit muNorth America, Volkswagen Caribe muMexico. Kubva ipapo, akawanda mavhezheni eiyo gorofu, pakati peiyo inoshandurwa shanduro muna 1980 (Golf Cabriolet), modhi ine mavhiri ese muna 1985 (Golf Syncro) uye yekutanga modhi ine TDI injini muna 1992 (chizvarwa chechitatu). Volkswagen Gorofu yakahwina mibairo yakawanda mumakore apfuura, kusanganisira European Car of the Year, muna 1992, uye World Car of the Year, muna 2013.
Nhasi, makore anopfuura 40 uye mamiriyoni makumi matatu gare gare, Gorofu haisi imwe chete yemotokari inokosha yeVolkswagen asiwo imwe yevakakurumbira munyika. Asi usanyengerwa kufunga kuti nguva yamira: pane maGolf emagetsi, akadai seVolkswagen e-Golf.
Volkswagen Beetle
nhoroondo ye Volkswagen Beetle (inozivikanwawo seVolkswagen Type 1, Käfer kana kungoti Beetle) inopindirana nenhoroondo yemotokari. Beetle yakaonekwa muna 1938 yakabatana nehurumende yeNazi inotungamirwa naAdolf Hitler, iyo yaive nechinangwa chekuvaka mota iri nyore uye ine mari yaigona kugadzirwa yakawanda. Basa racho rakapihwa Ferdinand Porsche, injinjiniya yekuAustria ine rekodhi rekodhi muindasitiri yemotokari.
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, Germany yakapfuura nemunguva yakaoma isingadzivisiki, uye somugumisiro kugadzirwa kwemotokari yakakurumbira kwakamiswa. Mota dzemauto dzakatanga kugadzirwa zvichibva papuratifomu yeCarocha, uye mamwe emhando idzi akatotengeswa kune veruzhinji.
Mushure mechikamu ichi, Volkswagen Beetle yakanga ichiwana mukurumbira wayo zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvakapa injini ye34 hp iyo yakabvumira kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe115 km / h - nhamba yakakura kudarika iyo yemakwikwi emakwikwi. Pasinei nekubudirira uye kushanduka kweCarocha mukati memakore makumi mashanu nemakumi matanhatu, pakati pemakore makumi manomwe kutengesa kwakatanga kudzikira, nekuda kwehuwandu hwemotokari dzinokwikwidza uye dambudziko rezvemari rakakanganisa Volkswagen.
Zvakanga zvakafanira kusvika muzana remakore rechi21, kuti Carocha irege kugadzirwa, nezvikamu zvekupedzisira zvakasiya mutsara wekugadzira muna 2003 mumisika yeLatin America, kugumisa makore anopfuura 65 enhoroondo. Kutaura zvazviri, isu tinofara kutaura kuti iyi ndiyo imwe yemotokari dzine simba zvikuru dzezana remakore rechi20, iyo inofanirwa kune chero mutori wemotokari.
Volkswagen Nardo
Iri zita rakatumidzwa zita reNardò Ring, dunhu rekuyedza riri kumaodzanyemba kweItari, asi iyo chaiyo yekudaidzwa kweichi chiGerman prototype ndeye. Volkswagen W12 Coupe . Panguva yekuratidzwa kwayo, iyi mota yepamusoro yemitambo yaimiririra chishuwo cheVolkswagen chekupinda mumusika unotongwa naFerrari, Porsche uye Lamborghini.
Kutaura zvazviri, "Volkswagen Nardo" aiva tekiniki pepa kugadzira: W12 6.0 injini ine 600 hp, 7000 rpm, torque 620 Nm, rear vhiri dhiraivha uye 1200 makirogiramu uremu. Zvese izvi zvakagonesa kukwidziridza kubva ku0 kusvika ku100 km/h mu3.5s uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kunosvika 350 km/h, zvinoenderana nerudzi.
Nekudaro, nekutengwa kweLamborghini naAudi AG, chirongwa ichi hachizombofa chakasvika kune yekugadzira modhi, asi yakashanda semotokari yekuyedza, ichiisa akawanda ekumhanya marekodhi. Nehurombo, isu hatife takawana kupupurira kugona kwakazara kweiyi imwe yeanonyanya kufadza prototypes munhoroondo yeVolkswagen.
Volkswagen XL1
Kutaura nezve prototypes, isu hatigone kukanganwa nezve Volkswagen XL1 . Iyi modhi yenguva yemberi ine mabviro ayo mu "Volkswagen 1-Litre Concept Car", yakatanga kuvhurwa muna 2002 nasachigaro weVolkswagen's board of directors, weAustria Ferdinand Piëch.
Gare gare, muna 2009, iyo pfungwa yakashanduka ichipinda muVolkswagen L1, mota ine vanhu vaviri yaitevera mutsara wakafanana newakatangira. Makore maviri gare gare, Volkswagen XL1 (pamufananidzo) inooneka, plug-in hybrid modhi yakavakirwa pambiri-cylinder turbo-diesel injini ine 47 hp uye mota yemagetsi ine 27 hp.
Iyo mhando yakavimbisa kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe158 km/h uye kumhanyisa kubva 0 kusvika 100 km/h mu11.9s. Kusiyana neakapfuura prototypes, iyo XL1 yakasvika pamitsetse yekugadzira muna 2013, yakaunzwa nguva pfupi yapfuura paGeneva Motor Show. Kugadzirwa kwakaganhurirwa kumayuniti e250, aingowanikwa muEurope chete.
Volkswagen Type 2
Sezvaunoziva, the Volkswagen Type 2 yakagamuchira zita rakanaka re "Pão de Forma" munyika yedu. Yekutanga vhezheni iyi yeGerman van yaive ine mwero 1.1 l injini ine 24 hp, asi izvo hazvina kuimisa kubva pakuva chiitiko chekuzivikanwa. Koni yakasvika pakakwirira panguva yekumukira kwehippie.
Iyo Volkswagen Type 2 yakagamuchira akati wandei macustomers mumakore apfuura uye kure-kunoteedzerwa nicknames kubva kuvaridzi. Pakati pezvimwe, humwe hwounhu hukuru hwakanongedzerwa ku“chingwa” kwakanga kuri kusimba kwacho.
Chizvarwa chechipiri chakasvika pakupera kwa1967 nehukuru hwakakura uye injini ye1.6 ine 48 hp. Kubva pane aesthetic point yekuona, Volkswagen Type 2 yakarasa hunhu hwemhepo yekuparadzanisa, asi yakagadziridzwa neakati wandei magadzirirwo emagetsi. Kubva 1980 zvichienda mberi, chikuva chitsva (T3) chakaunzwa, icho chakapa kusimuka kwemhando dzakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune yekutanga. Rudzi rwechipiri rwakazotora zita rekuti Volkswagen Transporter, rinoratidza basa rayo semotokari yekutengesa.
Kugadzirwa kwakapera muna 2013 muBrazil, asi hapana chikonzero chekuora mwoyo: Volkswagen ine imwe mupombi - uye ichava magetsi.
Volkswagen Phaeton
THE Volkswagen Phaeton inodzika munhoroondo yemhando iyi seyemhando yepamusoro, yakanyatso kupedzwa, yemhando, nezvose zvaipihwa neVolkswagen.
Nehurombo, bhiri reichi chidimbu chenhoroondo raive rakakwira. Phaeton haana kumbobvira akwanisa kuzvisimbisa pakati pezvakawanda zvekutanga zvikumbiro, kunyangwe hazvo zvinhu zvakawanda (kunyaradza, mhando, kuita, kukwenenzvera) hazvipererwi pane zvakanakisa zvakaitwa muindasitiri.
Ko Phaeton ndiyo yaive yazvino kuyedza kuratidza chimiro chayo muchikamu cheumbozha? Tine kukahadzika. Iine kana pasina rusaruro, iyo Phaeton ichadzika munhoroondo seimwe yeakanakisa zvachose.
Volkswagen Passat
THE Volkswagen Passat ndiyo imwe yemhando dzinozivikanwa kwazvo mukati mechikamu chemitezo yemhuri. Chimiro chinova mhedzisiro yebasa rekutengesa iro rave kupemberera makore makumi mana, uye kuratidza chiitiko ichi chenhoroondo, "chiratidzo chevanhu" chakaunza pamwechete zvizvarwa zvishanu zvemuenzaniso mumufananidzo wevazukuru.
Yakanga iri 1973 apo Volkswagen yakatanga Passat yekutanga, modhi iyo yakabva yave budiriro yekutengesa - budiriro inoenderera kusvika nhasi. Panguva iyoyo, magadzirirwo Giorgetto Giugiaro, kuvaka unhu uye rinozivikanwa German robustness zvaireva kuti muenzaniso uyu akatengeswa kusvikira 1980 kupfuura mamiriyoni 2.5 mayuniti.
Zvimwe zvacho inhoroondo. Mberi-mavhiri mavhiri uye mana-mavhiri, mhando dzeinjini dzaimbosiyana kubva pamasilinda mana kusvika masere - inokatyamadza W8 -, dhizaini inogara ichienderana nenguva uye ine mukurumbira wekuve mhuri inofambiswa zvakanaka, mune imwe nguva. pasuru yemhando yepamusoro. Resipi yakapusa asi yakaoma kuita uye iyo makore makumi mana nematatu gare gare ichiri kukwenenzverwa.
Volkswagen Corrado
Yekutanga Corrado yakasiya mitsetse yekugadzira muOsnabrück, Germany, muna 1988. Zvichibva papuratifomu yeVolkswagen Group's A2, yakafanana neVolkswagen Golf Mk2 uye Seat Toledo, Corrado yakaratidzwa semutsivi weVolkswagen Scirocco.
Dhizaini yemotokari yemitambo yeGerman, yakaratidzwa neakareba contours, yaitungamira Herbert Schäfe, mugadziri mukuru weWolfsburg brand pakati pe1972 ne1993. Kunyangwe ichishanda uye minimalist, iyo kabhini yakanga isiri yakapamhama, asi sezvaungafungidzira izvi. imwe futi.yakanga isiri mota yemhuri chaiyo.
Inodzika munhoroondo seimwe yeVolkswagens yemitambo uye inofarira zvachose.