Volvo ine imwe yeakapfuma nhoroondo muindasitiri yemotokari. Uye hatisi kungotaura nezve sui generis episode ine hwaro hwayo - shamwari mbiri nelobster (rangarira pano). Isu tinongogara tichitaura nezvekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uye mhando dzakaratidza nhoroondo yayo.
Kutsunga kwavarume vaviri kwakakwanisa sei kuita pesvedzero yakadaro muindasitiri inodzorwa namasimba makuru? Mhinduro inotevera mumitsetse inotevera.
Takapedza chikamu chekutanga cheiyi makore makumi mapfumbamwe Volvo yakakosha, tichitaura nezve ÖV4 - inozivikanwawo se "Jakob" - yekutanga yekugadzira modhi yeSweden brand. Uye ndiko kwatichaenderera mberi. Imwe rwendo kuenda muna 1927? Ngatizviite...
Makore ekutanga (1927-1930)
Chitsauko ichi chichava chakareba - makore mashoma ekutanga aive akanyanya sezvaainakidza.
Mugore rekutanga rekuita, Volvo yakakwanisa kugadzira 297 zvikamu zveÖV4. Kugadzirwa kwaigona kunge kwakakwira - pakanga pasina kushomeka kwemirairo. Nekudaro, kuomarara kwemhando yemhando yemhando uye kuongororwa nguva dzose kwemhando yezvikamu zvinopihwa nemakambani ekunze zvakaraira kuzvidzora mukuwedzera kwekugadzirwa.
"Takagadzira Volvo muna 1927 nekuti taitenda kuti hapana aigadzira mota dzakavimbika uye dzakachengeteka zvakakwana"
Kuna Assar Gabrielsson kutyisidzira kukuru kwekuwedzera kweVolvo kwaisava kutengesa - ndiro raive dambudziko diki. Matambudziko makuru eiyo ichangobva kugadzirwa yeSweden brand yaive yekusimudzira kugadzirwa uye mushure mekutengesa-basa.
Panguva iyo magadzirirwo ekugadzira anga achiri akapusa uye pfungwa yekutevera-kutengesa sevhisi inoshamisa, zvinoshamisa kuona kuti Volvo yaitove nekunetsekana uku. Ngatitangei nazvo kugadzirwa kusimba dambudziko.
Panyaya iyi, zvichave zvinonakidza kuyeuka chiitiko chakaburitswa naAssar Gabrielsson mubhuku rake "Nhoroondo yeVolvo's 30 years".
Sezvatakatonyora muchikamu chekutanga cheiyi yakakosha, Assar Gabrielsson aiziva indasitiri yemotokari kubva pakuona kwevatengesi se "chanza chemaoko ake". Gabrielsson aiziva kuti masimba makuru emaindasitiri aingoshandisa zvikamu zvenyika - yaive nyaya yezvematongerwo enyika uye kudada kwenyika.
Semuenzaniso, mhando yechirungu haizomboshandisi maFrench carburetors, kunyange kuziva kuti maFrench carburetors anogona kunge ari emhando yepamusoro kupfuura maBritish. Izvo zvakafanana zvakashanda kune maGerman kana maAmerican - avo vaive nezvipingaidzo zvekunze.
Muchiitiko ichi, sevamwe vakawanda, vatangi veVolvo vakanga vari pragmatic. Chiyero chekusarudza vatengesi vemhando yakanga isiri yenyika. Chiyero chacho chaive chakareruka uye chinoshanda: Volvo yakangotenga zvinhu zvayo kubva kune vakanyanya vatengesi. Point. Zvichiri zvakadaro nanhasi. Havatendi here? Edza kushanyira iyi brand peji uye ona maitiro aunofanirwa kusangana nawo. Tsika dzakare dzinofa dzakaoma...
RELATED: Volvo Mota dzakasiyaniswa nehunhu hwayo hwemakambani
Kutenda kune zano iri Volvo yakawana mukana munzira mbiri : (1) yakawedzera kukwikwidzana kwayo nevashambadziri vayo (kuwana muganhu wekutaurirana); (2) tora zvakanakisa zvikamu zvemota dzavo.
Chechipiri chimiro: mushure mekutengesa sevhisi . Chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zvakapesvedzera kubudirira kweVolvo kubva kumakore ekutanga kwaive kunetsekana kwayo nevatengi. Gustav Larson, panguva yekugadzirwa kwemhando, aigara achifunga nezvekugara achinetseka nekuvimbika kwemhando uye nekukurumidza uye nyore kugadzirisa.
Nekuda kwechirongwa ichi, Volvo yakakwanisa kuwedzera kugutsikana kwevatengi uye nekuvandudza kukwikwidza kwayo nemakwikwi.
Mukurumbira weVolvo wekuvimbika uye kupindura munguva pfupi yakapararira pamusika. Makambani ezvekufambisa, achiziva kuti 'nguva imari', akatanga kukumbira Volvo kuti igadzirewo mota dzekutengesa. Volvo yakapindura kudiwa uku ne "rori" kubva kuÖV4 - iyo yanga yatofungwa nezvayo kubvira 1926.
Waizviziva here? Kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma1950, kugadzirwa kweVolvo kwemarori nemabhazi kwakapfuura kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzakareruka.
Zvichakadaro, pamabhodhi ekudhirowa kweVolvo, timu yekutanga yeinjiniya yemhando yaive kugadzira anotsiva kuÖV4. Yekutanga "post-Jakob" modhi yaive Volvo PV4 (1928), inoratidzwa pazasi.
Iyo Volvo PV4 uye iyo Weymann Nheyo
Muenzaniso wakamira kunze kwemakwikwi nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira kubva kuindasitiri yeaeronautical. Iyo PV4 chassis yakavakwa yakatenderedza iyo Weymann's Principle , nzira yaisanganisira kushandisa huni dzine patented joints kugadzira chimiro chemotokari.
Nekuda kwehunyanzvi uhu, iyo PV4 yaive yakareruka, nekukurumidza uye yakanyarara kupfuura mota zhinji panguva iyoyo. Gore rino (1928), Volvo yakatengesa 996 zvikamu uye yakavhura yekutanga inomiririra kunze kweSweden. Yakanzi Oy Volvo Auto AB uye yaive yakavakirwa muHelsinki, Finland.
Gore rakatevera (1929) yakasvika injini dzekutanga-silinda nhanhatu dzichienderana nePV 651 uye mabviro ayo, mumufananidzo unotevera.
Pamusoro peinjini ye-in-line matanhatu-cylinder, chimwe chezvakanakisa zvemhando iyi yaive mana-mavhiri braking system - mechanics paPV651 uye hydraulics paPV652. Mukuwedzera kune ruzivo, iyo makambani ematekisi akatanga kutsvaga mhando dzeVolvo. Volvo yakavhara 1929 ne1,383 mota dzakatengeswa - yaive iyo gore rekutanga brand yakaita purofiti.
Kutanga kukwira nekudzika (1930-1940)
Gore rakatevera racho, 1930, rakanga ririwo gore rokuwedzera. Iyo mhando yakatanga modhi yayo yekutanga-vanomwe, sekuru-sekuru veVolvo XC90 iripo. Yainzi TR671 (TR raive chidimbu chezwi racho tr sporte, ivo 6 zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwemasilinda uye 7 nhamba yezvigaro) mukuita yaive vhezheni refu yePV651.
Nekugadzirwa kuri kuwedzera uye kukwira kuri kuita, Volvo yakafunga kuwana mutengesi wayo weinjini, Pentaverken. Kambani yakatsaurirwa kugadzirwa kweinjini yezvinangwa zvegungwa uye maindasitiri - nhasi inonzi Volvo Penta . Volvo yaida Pentaverken 100% yakanangana nemota dzayo injini.
Panguva ino Volvo yanga yatove nechikamu che8% chemusika weScandinavia uye yakashandisa mazana evanhu. Muna 1931 Volvo yakagovera migove kune vagovani kekutanga.
Uye tichitaura nezvevagovani, ngativhure mamwe mashoma maparenthes mune ino nyaya kuti titaure zvinotevera: kunyangwe iyo kambani yeSKV yaive yakakosha mukutanga kweVolvo makore ekutanga (kana usingazive zvatiri kutaura nezvazvo, verenga pano) , vatengesi vadiki vaive nekukosha kunoshamisa muhutano hwemari hwechiratidzo mumakore ekutanga.
Kunyangwe Volvo yakamutsa kufarira kwemamwe maindasitiri hofori, Assar Gabrielsson akaburitsa mubhuku rake kuti vekutanga vatengesi vaive mabhizinesi madiki, vanhuwo zvavo.
Muna 1932, nekuda kwekutonga kwePentaverken's destinies, Volvo yakaunza mumamodheru ayo yekutanga shanduko yeinline matanhatu-cylinder injini. Kutama kwakawedzera kusvika 3.3 malita, simba rakawedzera kusvika 66 hp uye kushandiswa kwakaderera ne20%. Chimwe chinhu chitsva kwaive kutorwa kwegiya regiya remavhiri rakawiriraniswa. Volvo yakasvika padanho regumi remazana!
Muna 1934 chete, kutengesa kweVolvo kwakada kusvika zviuru zvitatu zvezvikamu - 2,934 zvikamu kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka - izvo 775 zvakatengeswa kunze.
Tichitarisira maitiro aya Muna 1932, Assar Gabrielsson akahaya injiniya ane mukurumbira anonzi Ivan Örnberg kuti agadzire chizvarwa chitsva chemhando dzeVolvo.
Zvadaro the PV36 (inozivikanwawo seCarioca) uye PV51 muna 1935 - ona gallery. Ose ari maviri, ane dhizaini yakafuridzirwa nemhando dzeAmerica, dzinozivikanwa seyakakwenenzverwa. Iyo dhizaini yaive yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji yakashandiswa zvakare. Kekutanga, Volvo yakashandisa yakazvimirira kumiswa.
Kutenda kumutengo wakagadziridzwa kumhando yakapihwa, iyo PV51 yaive budiriro yekutengesa. Simba re86 hp re "chete" 1,500 kg yehuremu yakaita kuti iyi modhi ive mumhanyi wekumhanya kana ichienzaniswa nevakaitangira.
Mune ino mufananidzo gallery: P36 kuruboshwe uye P51 kurudyi.
Iri raive zvakare gore iro Volvo yakapatsanura kambani neSKF - iyi kambani yezvikamu yaida kutarisa nezve "bhizinesi rekutanga". Nesarudzo yeAB Volvo's board of directors, mhando yakapinda muStockholm Stock Exchange ichitsvaga vatengesi vatsva. Kukosha kweVolvo kwawedzera.
Kusvikira 1939, zvose zvakafamba zvakanaka nokuda kweVolvo. Kutengeswa kwakawedzera gore negore, uye purofiti yaienderana neiri simba muchiyero chakaenzana. Nekudaro, kutanga kweHondo Yenyika II kwakasvika pakuvhiringa zvirongwa zvechiratidzo. Panguva ino, Volvo yakanga ichigadzira motokari dzinopfuura 7,000 pagore.
Nekuda kwekushomeka kwemafuta uye kuedza kwehondo, muna 1940 mirairo yakatanga kupa nzira yekukanzura. Volvo yaifanira kugadzirisa.
Kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzevanhu kwakadzikira zvakanyanya uye kwakapa nzira kune mota dzakareruka uye dzekutengesa dzemauto eSweden. Volvo yakatanga futi kugadzira nzira inonzi ECG iyo yakashandura utsi hwehuni huchipisa kuva gasi raifambisa injini dzinopisa peturu.
Mifananidzo ye "ECG" nzira
Volvo yemazuva ano
Takapedza ichi chikamu chechipiri cheSpecial 90 makore eVolvo neEurope pakati peHondo Yenyika II. Kusiyana nemhando dzakawanda, Volvo yakapona iyi nguva yakasviba munhoroondo yedu yakabatana.
Pa next chapter ngatizivise iyo nhoroondo PV444 (inoratidzwa pazasi), yekutanga mushure mehondo Volvo. Muenzaniso wepamberi wenguva yayo uye pamwe imwe yeakanyanya kukosha munhoroondo yemhando. Nyaya inoenderera mberi - gare gare svondo rino! - pano paLedger Automobile. Ramba wakatarisa.
Mumufananidzo uri pazasi - pikicha yeVolvo PV 444 LS, USA.
