Iyo 2011 uye 2020 makore gumi anga asiri kunyanya nyore kuindasitiri yemotokari. Mushure mezvose, mumakore gumi apfuura, nyika yemotokari yakatarisana nemamwe matambudziko makuru munhoroondo yayo.
Kubva pakupora kubva mudambudziko remari repasi rose, kusvika pakusimbaradza mitemo yekurwisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kusvika pakunyomba kwezvinobuda mumhepo, makore gumi anoita kunge aguma nekuziviswa kwakapararira kwekudyara kwemari kugadzirisa kuisirwa magetsi uye kudhijita kwemotokari.
Kutarisana nezvose izvi, vazhinji vagadziri vemotokari nemapoka vakasarudza kutevedzera kune iyo tsamba iyo maxim "kubatana isimba". Kure nekuve chinhu chitsva muindasitiri yemotokari, kudyidzana, mibatanidzwa uye kunyangwe kubatanidzwa pakati pevagadziri kwakawedzera zvakare mumakore gumi apfuura, zvichitungamira kumagumo e "zvinodada ndega" mhando.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvitsva kwaiva kupinda kwakasimba munzvimbo yepasi rose yevagadziri vemotokari veChinese nemapoka, avo vakabva kune kunze kwekutanga kwemakore gumi kuenda kune vanotungamirira vatambi, vachibatanidza (uye nekubhadhara) mazita eEurope ane mukurumbira, vachitora mukana, nenzira iyi. , pindai pamusika wakanga ukavavharira mikova yawo.
varidzi vazvo zvose
Kutanga chaizvo kuMiddle Kingdom, kune boka remotokari rakamira pachena mumakore gumi apfuura: Geely (Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd). Nemakore makumi matatu nemana ekurarama, hofori yeindasitiri yemotokari iyi inozivikanwa nekubuda senzira yehupenyu yeVolvo muna 2010, panguva iyo mugadziri weSweden aisiya Ford's sphere of influence.
Nyorera kune tsamba yedu
Kubva ipapo, Volvo yakazvigadzirisa zvachose uye yakaramba ichikura, ichiwanazve mukurumbira, kutengesa uye purofiti. Geely haaizomira pano. Yakatangisa mhando mbiri muEurope - Lynk & Co muna 2016 uye Polestar muna 2017 -, yakatengawo Lotus, iyo (zvakare) inobheja zvakasimba pamagetsi, uye yakatowana danda muDaimler (kambani yevabereki yeMercedes-Benz uye Smart. ) Isu hatiratidzike kuti vanomira pano...
Tichiri kusasiya simba reChinese pamagumo emapoka emotokari eEurope, isu tine Dongfeng, iyo yakazopedzisira yaita basa rakasimba mukununura maFrench kubva kuGroup PSA. Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakaisa boka reFrance mudambudziko rakakura pakutanga kwemakore gumi, asi Dongfeng - boka iro Groupe PSA rakatove nemubatanidzwa wakatangwa muChina - pamwe nenyika yeFrance yakakwanisa kununura boka iri.
Kuisa Carlos Tavares pamusoro weboka reFrance chaivewo chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira Groupe PSA rimwe remapoka emotokari akagwinya mumakore achangopfuura, achidzokera kwete kune purofiti chete, asiwo kuwana hutano hwemari hunobvira. yakasimba. Kusvika pakuwedzera imwe mhando kune iripo (Opel) uye nekugadzira imwe yakazvimirira (DS Automobiles).
Achitaura nezveOpel, aive mumwe wevaratidziri ve "dutu" paGM (General Motors) mushure medambudziko remari. Mushure mekuedza kwekutanga kuitengesa mushure medambudziko - kudzivisa kuparara kwakafanana kwemazita ezvakaitika kare saSaab kana Pontiac - yaizopedzisira yatengeswa (se "mapatya" ayo, Vauxhall) kuGroup PSA muna 2017. Kubva ipapo, the Chigadzirwa cheGerman chakwanisa kudzoka kune purofiti - muna 2018 - chimwe chinhu chisati chaitika kubva… 1999!
Aimbova "muridzi wezvose" (yakanga iri kwenguva yakareba boka guru remotokari pasi pano), GM, kune rumwe rutivi, haina kumira mushure mekutambudzika kuderera kuvapo kwayo panyika. Yakabvisa mhando dzakati wandei, yakasiya misika yakati wandei uye yakagumisa kushanda kwayo kwemaindasitiri munyika dzinoverengeka.
Akataura (inenge) "kuonekana" kwakananga kuEurope - akatengesa Opel neChevrolet vakasiya "Old Continent" muna 2016 -, vakatarisa pamisika yavo ine mari yakawanda, yakadai seNorth America, uye yakabatanidza kuvepo kwayo mu "El Dorado" inova musika weChinese, zvakanyanya kuburikidza neBuick.
Iyo Renault-Nissan Alliance yakave zvakare Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance kubva muna 2016, mushure mekutorwa neNissan ye34% yeguta guru reMitsubishi muna 2016, ikava mugoveri mukuru.
Asi pamwe chinonyanya kukosha chemakore gumi adarika kunofanirwa kuve kubatanidzwa pakati peGroupe PSA neFCA (Fiat Chrysler Automobiles) yakaziviswa muna 2019 uye yakamiswa zviri pamutemo kutanga kwa2021 izvo zvakakonzera hofori yemotokari nyowani: Stellantis.
Nyaya yeFCA inoda kuziva. Mushure mekutorwa kweChrysler yakabhuroka muna 2009, sangano idzva raizoumbwa muna 2014 nekubatanidzwa kweFiat Group neChrysler. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisina kukwana. Inotungamirwa naSergio Marchionne (iye zvino afa), yaive imwe yekutanga kubvuma pachena kuti, mune ramangwana, iyo indasitiri yaigona chete kukunda matambudziko ese nekuwedzera kubatanidzwa.
Kwemakore Marchionne akatsvaga wekufambidzana naye kuti aderedze mitengo uye awedzere kuwirirana. Kutsvaga uku kwakatungamira FCA ku "date" General Motors neHyundai, uye yakaswedera pedyo nekusunga pfundo neRenault. Zvichida chakanyanya kukwezva boka ripi zvaro kuti ripinde muFCA raive gonhi guru rekupinda mumusika wekuNorth America uye nekuwana mari yeJeep neRam. Ndiani aiziva kuti, mushure menguva dzese idzi, vaizopinda muboka reFrench?
Kana iri Volkswagen Boka, rimwe remapoka makuru emotokari pasirese, yaive nemakore gumi ainetsekana akaiswa, pamusoro pezvose, neDieselgate, uye zvakazokonzera kudyara kukuru mukuiswa kwemagetsi. Nekudaro, mukuwirirana, yakanga isiri chipingamupinyi kuti hofori yeGerman ienderere mberi nekuwedzera iyo portfolio yemhando. Muna 2012 yakawedzera Ducati, MAN uye Porsche.
Shamwari ndinokuda chii?
Kubatanidza mashandiro (kudzikisa mitengo uye kuwedzera hupfumi hwechiyero), kutora uye kusanganisa ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekuzvizadzisa. Asi hazvireve kuti ndiyo chete nzira: kudyidzana kwenzvimbo dzakanyanya kwave kutonyanya kuwanda (uye kwakakosha) mumakore gumi apfuura. Zvese zvekutarisana nekukwira kwemitengo yekusimudzira nekugadzira.
Zvichida humbowo hwakanakisa hwekukosha kwekudyidzana kunopihwa naDaimler. Kwemakore akawanda "kudada ndega", pakati pe2011 ne2020 mhando yeGerman yakashanda kupfuura nakare kose pamwe nevamwe vanogadzira.
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yekudyidzana uku yaive neRenault-Nissan Alliance. Haina kungomuka ichishandisa yakakurumbira 1.5 dCi uye 1.6 dCi (Kirasi A, CLA, Kirasi C), yakatogadzira pamwe chete neAlliance (Mitsubishi yanga isati yavapo) iyo 1.33 Turbo peturu injini.
Asi pane zvimwe: Daimler akagadzira chizvarwa chazvino cheSmart fortwo/forfour uye Renault Twingo "pakati" neRenault uye akatora mukana wekuziva kwechiFrench brand munzvimbo yezvidiki zvekushambadzira kugadzira iyo Mercedes-Benz Citan. , imwe shanduro Germanized kubva Kangoo. Renault-Nissan Alliance yakatora mukana weA-Kirasi MFA papuratifomu kutanga Infiniti Q30 uye QX30 (zvinosuruvarisa kuti havana kubudirira uye mabasa avo akapera).
Zvakare chinocherechedzwa kuve padyo neAston Martin naDaimler. Kutanga nekupa injini (V8) uye zvikamu zvemagetsi, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura nekutora chikamu chemugadziri weBritish.
Mumunda wetekinoroji, Daimler akatambirawo chirevo chekuti "kubatana isimba" (uye kuderedza mitengo), semuenzaniso, kuwana Nokia's HERE application nevakwikwidzi BMW neAudi. Tichiri neBMW, Daimler akabatanidza kambani yake Car2Go neShare Now - makambani ekugoverana motokari - kugadzira Drive Now. "Vavengi" vaviri vachiri pamwe chete mukugadzirwa kwemichina yekufambisa motokari.
Tichitaurawo nezve BMW, kambani yakafunga kubatana neToyota uye pamwe chete vakagadzira kwete mhando mbiri dzemitambo - BMW Z4 neToyota GR Supra - asi zvakare vakabatirana mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzamuchaona gare gare.
Tisingasiyi dingindira remitambo, pakanga paine zvakatowanda zvakabva mukubatana pakati pevagadziri vaviri: Mazda MX-5/Fiat 124 Spider/Abarth 124 Spider uye Toyota GT86/Subaru BRZ.
Kuisa magetsi mumotokari? zvakakosha kuti tibatane
Zvakawanda zvakataurwa pamusoro pekuchinja kwekukurumidza kuri kuitika muindasitiri yemotokari. Chikamu chikuru cheshanduko iyi chinosanganisira kusarudzika uye kuzara kwemagetsi emotokari, shanduko inosanganisira kudhura kwakanyanya. Hazvina kudikanwa chete kuwana hunyanzvi hutsva uye kugadzira matekinoroji matsva, asiwo kugadzirisa chimiro cheindasitiri chiripo uye kugadzira imwe nyowani (mafekitori ebhatiri, semuenzaniso).
Kudyara kukuru kunodiwa kunozobhadhara chete kana paine hupfumi hwepamusoro, asi havasi vese vari muindasitiri vanazvo uye nekudaro kudyidzana kutsva kwakaitwa mune izvi, kungave kugovera mari yekusimudzira kana kugovera tekinoroji.
Ford neVolkswagen, kunyangwe vaive hofori dzemotokari mbiri, "vakabatwa maoko" ... zvakare. Mushure mekugadzira Ford Galaxy/Volkswagen Sharan/SEAT Alhambra pamwechete muPalmela, panguva ino Volkswagen ichaendesa yakakurumbira chikuva chemagetsi modhi MEB kuFord.
Havasi ivo voga. Honda, mumwe wevashoma vavaki "nekudada" ega, yakagadzwa, muna 2020, mubatanidzwa neGeneral Motors, kubatanidza mamodhi emagetsi emhando yeJapan ane Ultium mabhatiri ehofori yeAmerica.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Japanese Mazda, Toyota uye Denso "akabatana maoko" uye pamwe chete vakagadzira kambani itsva makore matatu apfuura. Chinangwa chemubatanidzwa uyu? Gadzira zvakakosha zvimiro matekinoroji emotokari dzemagetsi. Zvakare kuToyota, hukama hwayo hunowedzera kuoma neSubaru hunosanganisirawo kuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi.
Daimler, zvakare, akabatana neGeely kugadzira uye kugadzira muChina chizvarwa chinotevera chemhando diki dzeSmart, dzinoramba dzichingova dzemagetsi chete.
Kuiswa kwemagetsi emota hakungoitwe kubva kumagetsi kuenda kumabhatiri. Fuel cell (hydrogen fuel cell) tekinoroji iri kure nekufamba kwenguva, asi inoita kunge iri kutanga kuwedzera simba, kunyanya kana yakabatana nemotokari dzinotakura zvinhu zvinorema. Volvo neDaimler vakabatana munzira iyi, semuenzaniso, kune marori avo emangwana.
Nezve mota, pamwe hazvizoitika nekukurumidza, asi kune akati wandei kudyidzana kwakatosimbiswa muindasitiri maererano nehydrogen mafuta cell tekinoroji: zvakare BMW neToyota, uye zvakare pakati peHyundai Motor Group neAudi.
Chekupedzisira, kuiswa kwemagetsi emotokari kwaisazokwana pasina mahybrids. Zvekare, Toyota inotora basa rakatanhamara pano, yakagadzira kudyidzana kwakati wandei kupa tekinoroji yayo uye/kana modhi. Mumwe wavo aive neSuzuki, zvakakonzera kutangwa kwemamodheru maviri, Swace neAcross. "Muenzaniso wakanaka wekare" weinjiniya yebheji iyo yakabvumira Suzuki kuva nemhando mbiri dzakasanganiswa muEurope pasina mutengo wekusimudzira wakabatana nehunyanzvi uhu.
Iyo Suzuki Swace yakavakirwa paToyota Corolla…
Mazda inoshandisawo tekinoroji yeToyota yakasanganiswa, ichiishandisa kune mhando dzakaita seMazda3, asi kushambadzira kwayo kunogumira kune mamwe misika seyeJapan. Kubatana pakati peMazda neToyota kunowedzera munzvimbo dzakawanda: kubva pakuvakwa kwefekitari yakajairika muUS kusvika pakutangwa kweshanduro yeYaris Hybrid muEurope neMazda.
Zviri nyore kushanda pamwe chete
Uye kana munyika yemotokari dzinotakura vanhu, kudyidzana uye kudyidzana kuri kuwedzera kuwanda, mumotokari dzekutengesa (FCA-PSA, semuenzaniso, kana pakati peVolkswagen-Daimler) zvakajairika uye mumakore gumi apfuura zvaive zvisina kusiyana.
Nokudaro, mukutsvaga kubudirira kwakarasika muchikamu chezvigadzirwa zvechiedza, Toyota yakabatana naStellantis (iyo ichiri PSA) kugadzira Toyota ProAce neProAce City. Yekutanga yakauya kuzotora nzvimbo yeHiace, nepo yechipiri, ichitangira pahwaro hweCitroën Berlingo, Peugeot Partner neOpel Combo, yakaendesa Toyota kune chimwe chikamu chayakange isati yambosvika.
ProAce Guta yakamaka yekutanga kweToyota pakati pezvidiki kushambadzira.
Kana iri Mercedes-Benz, yakatora mukana wekudyidzana neRenault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance uye pamusoro pekutangisa Citan (yakavakirwa paKangoo) yakaita kutorwa kwayo kwekutanga kuzikanwa kupasi rose, X-Kirasi. cousin "yezvakare zvisati zvamboitika Renault Alaskan, Mercedes-Benz X-Kirasi chiratidzo chekuti "sechikwata" zviri nyore (uye zvakachipa) kusvika zvikamu zvitsva.
Pakupedzisira, zvakare mumunda wekushambadzira, Ford neVolkswagen vachabatana. Nenzira iyi, mutsivi weFord Ranger achapa chizvarwa chechipiri che… Volkswagen Amarok. Mutsivi weFord Transit Connect, idiki paTransit, inotora zvakananga kubva kuVolkswagen Caddy itsva. Chizvarwa chinotevera cheVolkswagen Transporter chichagadzirwa neFord, kureva kuti, Transporter ichava "hanzvadzi" yeFord Transit.
Kumwe kudyidzana mumarori ekunhonga kwakapedzisira kuine zvishoma zvekutengesa kwaive pakati peFiat neMitsubishi, ine yekutanga kutengesa Fullback, "clone" yeinozivikanwa L200.
Ferrari: zvinodadisa ndega
Sezvineiwo, mumakore gumi akamisikidzwa nekubatana uye mibatanidzwa, pakanga paine mhando yaitevera nzira yakapesana uye iri, yenguva, yega, zvishoma semuvambi wayo: Ferrari.
Mushure memakore makumi mana nemashanu pasi pe "heti" yeFiat, zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekuparadzana zvakabuda muna 2014, naSergio Marchionne achiona mukana wekukura kukosha kweiyo nhoroondo yekuItaly brand uye kubatsirawo mari yekudzoreredza mamwe mabhureki muboka, iro Alfa Romeo. . Maitiro ekuparadzanisa Ferrari kubva kuFCA akatanga muna 2015 uye muna Ndira 3, 2016 yakanzi yapera.
Kuvhiya kwacho kwakaratidza kuve… budiriro uye mazuvano Ferrari, yega, yakaona kukosha kwayo kupetwa kashanu, ichikosha zvakanyanya senge Stellantis yese, semuenzaniso.
marwadzo ekukura
Haasi zvese zvaive "roses". Paivewo nematambudziko akati wandei mune mazhinji ekudyidzana uye mibatanidzwa, kana ivo vakangorega kuita zvine musoro.
Zvichida inonyanya kutaurwa nezvayo mumakore achangopfuura ndeye Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance, iyo matambudziko ehukama akawedzera munhau muna 2018, mushure mekusungwa kwemutungamiri wayo, Carlos Ghosn. Zvisinei, mashoko e“rufu” rwomubatanidzwa wacho akawedzeredzwa nenzira yakajeka. Mushure meimwe nguva yakaoma, mabhureki matatu akasvika pamuenzaniso mutsva wekubatana, sezvo pamwe chete ivo vachakwanisa kutarisana nenguva iyi yese yekuchinja.
Tichiri kusanganisira iyo Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance, isu munguva pfupi yapfuura takaona gaka rinonzwika naDaimler. Mercedes-Benz, semuenzaniso, yakamira kushandisa Renault's 1.5 dCi muna 2020. Panguva imwecheteyo, mubatanidzwa mutsva wepasi rose (50-50 joint venture) pakati peDaimler AG neGeely kuti ishande nekusimudzira Smart pasi rose yakaraira kupera kwemubatanidzwa neRenault. izvo zvakakonzera chizvarwa chazvino cheSmart Fortwo/Forfour uye Renault Twingo.
makore gumi anotevera
Iye zvino pa "musuwo" wemakore gumi matsva, kupfuura kubatanidzwa uye kudyidzana, sezvatakaona mumakore gumi apfuura, pane mubvunzo wakatonyanya kunetsa pamusoro peiyo indasitiri yemotokari: ndiani achave vapukunyuki kusvika pakupera kweizvi. makore gumi matsva?Carlos Tavares akayambira nezve njodzi yekukurumidza uye inodhura shanduko iyo indasitiri yemotokari iri kuitika. Pane mukana wekuti, sekureva kwake, havasi vese vanozokwanisa kurarama kusvika pakupera kwemakore gumi anotevera, kunyanya kana vachibata nemusika uchiri kudonha, nekuda kwedambudziko redenda nedambudziko rehupfumi rinotevera. kutanga kwemakore gumi. Uye kutora, kubatanidzwa uye kudyidzana hakuzove kwakakwana kubatanidza iyo indasitiri yese.
Ndiani muridzi?
Isu tinopedzisa ne infographic inoratidza "mamiriro ezvinhu" pakupera kwemakore gumi akapera. Yakawanda sei iyo ichachinja mumakore gumi?
