Matatu-cylinder injini. Iko hakuna chero munhu asingasimudze mhino dzake kana zvasvika kune matatu-cylinder injini.
Takanzwa zvinenge zvese nezvavo: “Kutenga mota ine matatu-cylinder engine? Never!"; “Aya angori matambudziko”; "famba zvishoma uye upedze zvakawanda". Iyi ingori diki sampling yerusaruro rwakanangana neichi chivakwa.
Zvimwe ndezvechokwadi, zvimwe hazvisi, uye zvimwe ingano. Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekuisa zvese mu "ndiro dzakachena".
Injini dzetatu-cylinder dzakavimbika here? Pashure pezvose, dzakanaka here kana kuti dzakanakira pasina?
Pasinei nemukurumbira wakashata wezvivakwa izvi, shanduko yetekinoroji mumajini ekupisa yakaita kuti kusakosha kwayo kuve kushoma uye kushomeka. Kuita, kushandisa, kuvimbika uye kutyaira kunofadza kuchiri dambudziko here?
Mumitsara mishoma inotevera tichaunganidza chokwadi uye manhamba pamusoro peinjini idzi. Asi ngatitangei pakutanga ...
Macylinders matatu ekutanga
Masirinda matatu ekutanga pamusika akasvika kwatiri neruoko rweJapan, kunyangwe nenzira yekunyara kwazvo. Anonyara asi azere nesimba. Ndiani asingayeuki Daihatsu Charade GTti? Mushure meiyi, mamwe maenzanisi ekutaura kudiki akatevera.
Yekutanga yakakura-yakakura kugadzirwa kweEuropean matatu-cylinder injini yakangoonekwa mumakore eku 1990. Ndiri kutaura nezve 1.0 Ecotec injini kubva kuOpel, iyo yakafambisa Corsa B, uye makore mashoma gare gare, iyo 1.2 MPI injini kubva kuVolkswagen Group, iyo yakashongedzerwa mhando seVolkswagen Polo IV.
Idzi injini dzakanga dzakafanana papi? Vakanga vasina simba. Zvichienzaniswa neadzo mana-cylinder mamwe, ivo vakazunguza zvakanyanya, vaifamba zvishoma uye vakadyiwa nechiyero chimwe chete.
Matatu-cylinder injini dzedhiziri dzakatevera, idzo dzakatambura nematambudziko mamwe chete, asi dzakakwidziridzwa nehunhu hweDiesel cycle. Kunatsa kwakanga kusina simba, uye kunakirwa kwekutyaira kwakakanganiswa.
Kana tikawedzera dzimwe nyaya dzekuvimbika kune izvi, isu takave nedutu rakakwana rekugadzira kuvenga kuvakwa uku kunogara kusvika nhasi.
Matambudziko nematatu-cylinder injini?
Sei matatu-cylinder injini dzisina kunatswa? Uyu ndiwo mubvunzo mukuru. Uye iwo mubvunzo une hukama nekusaenzana kunowanikwa mukugadzirwa kwayo.Sezvo injini idzi dzakashongedzerwa nenhamba isinganzwisisike yemasilinda, pane asymmetry mukugovanisa mhata nemasimba, zvichiita kuti mukati mavo chiyero chiome. Sezvaunoziva, kutenderera kwe4-stroke injini (kupinza, kumanikidzika, kupisa uye kupera) kunoda kutenderera kwe crankshaft ye 720 degrees, nemamwe mazwi, maviri akazara.
Mune injini yechina-cylinder, pane nguva dzose cylinder imwe mumhepo inopisa, inopa basa rekufambisa. Mune matatu-cylinder injini izvi hazviitiki.
Kugadzirisa chiitiko ichi, mabhurendi anowedzera crankshaft counterweights, kana mavhiri mavhiri makuru kurwisa kuzunguzika. Asi pakaderera revs zvinenge zvisingaite kuvanza kusaenzana kwako kwechisikigo.
Kana iri ruzha runobva mukupopota, sezvavanotadza kupisa madhigirii ega ega 720, zvakare haina mutsara.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira matatu-cylinder injini?
Zvakanaka, sezvo tave kuziva "divi rakasviba" rematatu-cylinder injini, ngatitarisei pane zvakanakira - kunyangwe mazhinji acho achingova efungidziro.
Chikonzero chakakosha chekutora chivakwa ichi chine chekuita nekudzikisira kwemakanika friction. Izvo zvikamu zvishoma zvinofamba, simba shoma rinoparara.
Kana ichienzaniswa neinjini yechina-cylinder, matatu-cylinder injini inoderedza kukwenya kwemagetsi kusvika pa25%.
Kana isu tikafunga kuti pakati pe4 kusvika ku15% yekushandiswa inogona kutsanangurwa chete nekukwesha kwemagetsi, heino mukana wedu. Asi handizvo zvoga.
Kubvisa humburumbira kunoitawo kuti injini dzive dzakasimba uye dzireruke. Nemamotor madiki, mainjiniya ane rusununguko rwakawanda rwekugadzira akarongwa deformation zvimiro kana kuita nzvimbo yekuwedzera mahybrid mhinduro.
Mari yekugadzira inogonawo kuderera. Kugovaniswa kwezvikamu pakati peinjini ndeyechokwadi mumhando dzese, asi imwe yeanonyanya kufadza ndeye BMW, ine modular dhizaini. Injini dzeBMW's three-cylinder (1.5), four-cylinder (2.0) uye nhanhatu-cylinder (3.0) dzinogoverana zvizhinji zvezvikamu.
Mucherechedzo weBavarian unowedzera mamodule (verenga masilinda) zvinoenderana nekwakavakwa kwaunoda, neimwe module inoyera 500 cm3. Vhidhiyo iyi inokuratidza maitiro eku:
Aya mabhenefiti, ese akawedzerwa kumusoro, anobvumira matatu-cylinder injini kuzivisa kuderera kwekushandisa uye kuburitsa kupfuura iwo akaenzana mana-cylinder mamwe, kunyanya mune yapfuura NEDC kushandiswa uye emissions protocol.
Nekudaro, kana bvunzo dzichiitwa zvinoenderana neinoda maprotocol akadai seWLTP, kuhurumende dzepamusoro, mukana wacho hausi pachena. Ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero chinoita kuti mabhureki akaita seMazda asashandise chivakwa ichi.
Mazuva ano matatu-cylinder injini
Kana pamitoro yakakwira (yakakwirira revs), misiyano pakati pe tetracylinder uye tricylindrical injini haisi kuratidza, panguva yakaderera uye yepakati hurumende, yemazuva ano matatu-cylinder injini ine yakananga jekiseni uye turbo kuwana kunakidza kudyiwa uye kubuda.Tora muenzaniso weinjini yeFord 1.0 EcoBoost — injini yakapihwa mubairo mukuru mukirasi yayo — iyo inokwanisa kusvika paavhareji iri pasi pe5 l/100 km kana chatiri kunetsa chiri kushandisa mafuta edzimotokari, uye mukutyaira zvine mwero, isingapfuuri 6. l/100 km.
Values inokwira kusvika kunhamba iri pamusoro peiyo yakataurwa apo iyo pfungwa ndeye "kudzvanya" simba rayo rese pasina chero chibvumirano.
Iyo yakakwira nhanho, iyo inowedzera mukana wechina-cylinder injini inopera. Sei? Nekuti nemakamuri madiki akadai, manejimendi emagetsi einjini anoraira mamwe majekiseni epeturu kutonhodza mukamuri rinopisa nekudaro kudzivirira kufanoputika kwemusanganiswa. Kureva kuti, peturu inoshandiswa kutonhodza injini.
Injini dzetatu-cylinder dzakavimbika here?
Pasinei nemukurumbira wakashata weiyi dhizaini - iyo, sezvataona, ine chikwereti chikuru kune yakapfuura pane yayo yazvino - nhasi yakavimbika seimwe injini. Rega "murwi wedu mudiki" ataure kudaro…
Kuvandudzwa uku kunokonzerwa nekufambira mberi kwakaitwa mukuvaka kweinjini mumakore gumi apfuura maererano ne: tekinoroji (turbo uye jekiseni), zvinhu (metallic alloys) uye kupera (anti-friction kurapwa).
Kunyangwe isiri matatu-cylinder injini , mufananidzo uyu unoratidza tekinoroji inoshandiswa mumainjini azvino:
Iwe unogona kuwana simba rakawanda uye rakawanda kubva mumayuniti ane mashoma uye mashoma kugona.
Munguva yazvino muindasitiri yemotokari, kupfuura kuvimbika kweinjini, ndiwo maperipherals ari panjodzi. Turbos, masensa akasiyana-siyana uye masisitimu emagetsi ari pasi pekushanda izvo makanika nhasi haachanetsi kutevera.
Saka nguva inotevera paunoudzwa kuti matatu-cylinder injini hadzina kuvimbika, unogona kupindura: "vakavimbika sezvimwe zvivakwa zvese".
Yava nguva yako. Tiudze nezve ruzivo rwako nematatu-cylinder injini, tisiye mhinduro!