Vanodavira mashura vanotya nhamba 13, vokuChina nhamba 4, chitendero chechiKristu 666, asi nhamba inotyiwa zvikuru neindasitiri yemotokari inofanira kuva nhamba 95. Nei? Ndiyo nhamba inoenderana neavhareji CO2 emissions inofanirwa kusvika muna 2021 muEurope: 95 g/km . Uye ihwowo nhamba, mumaeuro, yefaindi inofanira kubhadharwa pamotokari uye pagiramu pamusoro pezvakatemwa kana ukasatevedzera.
Zvinetso zvinofanira kukurirwa zvakakura. Gore rino (2020) iyo 95 g / km inotarirwa ichafanirwa kusvika mu95% yehuwandu hwekutengesa kwezvikamu zvayo - iyo yakasara 5% inosiiwa kunze kwekuverenga. Muna 2021, 95 g/km ichafanirwa kuwanikwa mune zvese zvinotengeswa.
Chii chinoitika kana vakasasvika pazvinangwa zvakarongwa?
Fines… faindi dzakaoma. Sezvambotaurwa, 95 maeuro kune yega yega yakawedzera giramu uye yemota yega yega inotengeswa. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyangwe ingori 1 g/km pamusoro pezvakatarwa, uye vachitengesa miriyoni imwe yemotokari pagore muEurope, iyo 95 miriyoni euros mufaindi - kufanotaura, zvisinei, kunongedza kune yakanyanya kusateera.
zvinangwa zvakasiyana
Zvisinei kuti chinangwa chepasi rose chiri 95 g/km yeavhareji CO2 emissions, mugadziri wega wega ane chinangwa chaicho chekuzadzisa, nehuwandu hunoenderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu (kg) hwehuwandu hwemotokari dzavo.Nyorera kune tsamba yedu
Semuenzaniso, FCA (Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Jeep, etc…) inonyanya kutengesa mota dzakasimba uye dzakareruka, saka ichafanirwa kusvika 91 g/km; Daimler (Mercedes neSmart), iyo inotengesa mota zhinji hombe uye inorema, ichafanirwa kusvika pachinangwa che102 g/km.
Kune vamwe vanogadzira nekutengesa pasi pe300,000 mauniti pagore muEurope iyo inozofukidzwa neyakasiyana-siyana kuregererwa uye kushorwa, seHonda neJaguar Land Rover. Mune mamwe mazwi, ivo havazofanire kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo zvega. Nekudaro, kune mepu yekudzikisa emission yevagadziri ava vakabvumirana nemasangano anodzora (EC) - izvi zvisungo uye kushomeka zvichabviswa panosvika 2028.
Matambudziko
Pasinei nekukosha kunowanikwa nemuvaki wega wega, mishoni haizove nyore kune chero ipi zvayo. Kubva 2016, avhareji CO2 emissions yemotokari itsva inotengeswa muEurope haina kumira kuwedzera: muna 2016 yakasvika zvishoma 117.8 g/km, muna 2017 yakakwira kusvika 118.1 g/km uye muna 2018 yakakwira kusvika 120, 5 g/ km - data ye2019 iri kushomeka, asi haina kunaka.
Ikozvino, panosvika 2021 ivo vachafanira kudonha ne25 g/km, iyo hombe yemawere. Chii chakaitika kune utsi kuti utange kukwira mushure memakore nemakore ekuderera?
Chinhu chikuru, Dieselgate. Mhedzisiro huru yekunyomba kwehutsi yaive kudonha kwakanyanya kwekutengesa kwemotokari dzine injini dzedhiziri muEurope - muna 2011 chikamu chakasvika pamusoro pe56%, muna 2017 chaive 44%, muna 2018 chakadonha kusvika 36%, uye muna 2019. , yaiva 31%.
Vagadziri vaivimba neDiesel tekinoroji - injini inoshanda zvakanyanya, saka kuderera kwekushandisa uye CO2 emissions - kuti isvike nyore kune chinangwa chekuda che95 g/km.
Kusiyana nezvinodiwa, "gomba" rakasiiwa nekudonha mukutengesa kweDiesel rakanga risingagarwi nemagetsi kana mahybrids, asi nejini yepetroli, iyo inotengeswa yakasimuka zvakanyanya (ndiyo inonyanya kutengeswa rudzi rwejini muEurope). Kunyangwe ivo vakashanduka mune tekinoroji, chokwadi ndechekuti ivo havana kunyatsoita sedhiziri, vanodya zvakanyanya uye, nekukweva, emit yakawanda CO2.
Chimwe chezvimwe zvinhu chinonzi SUV. Mumakore gumi ari kupera, taona iyo SUV ichisvika, ona nekuhwina. Mamwe ese typologies akaona kutengesa kwavo kuderera, uye nezvikamu zveSUV (zvichiri) zvichikura, kuburitsa kwaigona kungokwira. Hazvibviri kutenderera mitemo yefizikisi - SUV / CUV inogara ichinyanya kuparadza (saka yakawanda CO2) kupfuura motokari yakaenzana, sezvo ichagara ichirema uye neaerodynamics yakaipa.
Chimwe chinoratidza kuti avhareji yemotokari itsva dzinotengeswa muEurope haina kumira kukura. Pakati pe2000 ne2016, kuwedzera kwaiva 124 kg - iyo yakaenzana neyakafungidzirwa 10 g / km yakawanda paavhareji ye CO2. "Zvipe mhosva" pakuwedzera kwekuchengetedza uye nyaradzo yemota, pamwe nesarudzo dzemaSUV makuru uye anorema.
Nzira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa?
Hazvishamisi kuti takaona akawanda ma plug-in nemagetsi mahybrids akavhurwa uye akatangwa - kunyangwe mahybrids akapfava akakosha kune vavaki; Panogona kunge paine mashoma magiramu aunocheka muWLTP kutenderera bvunzo, asi iwo ese anoverengera.
Zvakadaro, ichave mahybrids eplug-in nemagetsi ayo akakosha kune chinangwa che95 g/km. EC yakagadzira hurongwa hwe "super credits" kukurudzira kutengeswa kwemotokari dzine zvishoma zvishoma (pasi pe50 g / km) kana zero emissions nevagadziri.
Nekudaro, muna 2020, kutengeswa kweplug-in kana yemagetsi hybrid unit ichaverengera semayuniti maviri ekuverenga kwekubuda. Muna 2021 kukosha uku kunodonha kusvika kumotokari 1.67 pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chakatengeswa uye muna 2022 kusvika 1.33. Kunyange zvakadaro, kune muganhu kune zvikomborero zve "super credits" mukati memakore matatu anotevera, iyo ichava 7.5 g / km ye CO2 emissions pamugadziri.
Ndizvo izvi "zvikwereti zvepamusoro" zvakaiswa kune plug-in uye magetsi mahybrids - iwo ega anowana emissions iri pasi pe50 g/km - chikonzero chikuru nei vavaki vazhinji vakasarudza kutanga kushambadzira izvi muna 2020 chete, zvisinei nekuti mazwi aive inozivikanwa uye yakatoitwa muna 2019. Chero uye yese kutengesa kwerudzi urwu rwemotokari kuchave kwakakosha.
Pasinei nekuwanda kwemagetsi uye magetsi emagetsi e2020 nemakore anotevera, uye kunyange kana vakatengesa muhuwandu hunodiwa kuti vadzivise faindi, kurasikirwa kukuru kwepurofiti kune vavaki kunotarisirwa. Sei? Tekinoroji yemagetsi inodhura, inodhura zvakanyanya.
Mari yekutevedzera uye faindi
Mari yekuteerera, iyo inosanganisira kwete chete kuchinjirwa kweinjini dzekupisa kwemukati kune emission zviyero, asiwo kuwedzera kwavo magetsi, kuchasvika 7.8 bhiriyoni euros muna 2021. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kukosha kwefaindi kuchasvika 4, 9 bhiriyoni euros gore rimwe chete. Kana vavaki vasina chavakaita kuti vasvike pachiyero che95 g/km, kukosha kwefaindi kwaizosvika 25 bhiriyoni euros pagore.
Nhamba idzi dzakajeka: yakapfava-yakasanganiswa (5-11% yakaderera mu CO2 emissions kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa mota) inowedzera pakati pe500 ne1000 euros kumutengo wekugadzira mota. MaHybrids (23-34% zvishoma muCO2) anowedzera pakati pe3000 kusvika 5000 euros, nepo yemagetsi ichidhura imwe 9,000-11,000 euros.
Kuti tiise mahybrids nemagetsi muhuwandu hwakakwana pamusika, uye kwete kupfuudza imwe mutengo kumutengi zvachose, tinogona kuona mazhinji acho achitengeswa nemutengo wemutengo (pasina purofiti kune muvaki) kana kunyangwe pazasi kukosha uku. pakarasikirwa nemugadziri. Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti, kunyangwe kutengesa nekurasikirwa, inogona kunge iri chiyero chehupfumi kune muvaki, kana tichienzanisa nekukosha uko faindi inogona kusvika - isu tichave ipapo ...
Imwe nzira yekusangana neinoshuvira 95 g/km chinangwa ndeyekugovera emissions nemumwe mugadziri ari pachinzvimbo chirinani kusangana. Iyo yakanyanya paradigmatic kesi ndeye FCA, iyo ichabhadhara Tesla, inonzi, 1.8 bhiriyoni euros kuitira kuti kutengesa kwemotokari dzayo - CO2 emissions yakaenzana ne zero, sezvo ivo vachingotengesa magetsi - anoverengerwa kune ayo maverengero. Boka rakatozivisa kuti idanho renguva pfupi; panosvika 2022 inofanira kukwanisa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo pasina rubatsiro rwaTesla.
Vachakwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa che95 g/km?
Kwete, maererano nemishumo yakawanda yakabudiswa nevanoongorora - inofungidzirwa kuti, kazhinji, avhareji yeCO2 emissions muna 2021 ichava 5 g / km pamusoro peinotarwa 95 g / km, kureva, mu100 g / km km. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, pasinei nekutarisana nemitengo yakakwirira yekuteerera, inogona kunge isina kukwana.
Zvinoenderana neshumo neUltima Media, FCA, BMW, Daimler, Ford, Hyundai-Kia, PSA neVolkswagen Group ndivo vavaki vari panjodzi yekubhadhara faindi muna 2020-2021. Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance, Volvo neToyota-Mazda (idzo dzakabatana kuti dziverenge zvinobuda) dzinofanirwa kuzadzisa chinangwa chakatemerwa.
FCA, kunyangwe nekubatana neTesla, iboka remotokari rine njodzi yakanyanya, inoenderana neimwe yemhando yepamusoro mufaindi, ingangoita 900 miriyoni euros pagore. Izvo zvinoramba zvichionekwa kuti kubatanidzwa nePSA kuchakanganisa sei kuverenga kwekubuda kwevaviri mune ramangwana - kunyangwe kubatanidzwa kwakaziviswa, kusati kwaitika.
Razão Automóvel inoziva kuti, muchiitiko chePSA, kutariswa kwekubuda kwemotokari nyowani dzinotengeswa kunoitwa zuva nezuva, nyika nenyika, uye kuudzwa kune "kambani yevabereki" kudzivirira kutsvedza mukuverenga kwegore kwekubuda.
Panyaya yeVolkswagen Group, njodzi dzakakwirirawo. Muna 2020, kukosha kwefaindi inotarisirwa kusvika 376 miriyoni euros, uye 1.881 bhiriyoni muna 2021 (!).
Migumisiro
Avhareji CO2 emissions ye95 g/km iyo Europe inoda kuwana - imwe yeakaderera kukosha inofanira kuwanikwa neiyo indasitiri yemotokari pasirese - ichave nemhedzisiro. Kunyangwe paine mwenje wakajeka kumagumo emugero mushure menguva ino yekuchinja kune itsva mota chokwadi, kuyambuka kuchave kwakaomera indasitiri yese.
Kutanga nekubatsira kwevanovaka vari kushanda mumusika weEurope, iyo inovimbisa kudonha zvakanyanya mumakore maviri anotevera, kwete chete nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo yekuteedzera (kudyara kukuru) uye faindi dzinogona kuitika; chibvumirano chemisika mikuru yepasi rose, Europe, USA neChina, inotarisirwa mumakore anotevera.
Sezvatakambotaura, kutendeuka kwekuiswa kwemagetsi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chezvakatoziviswa 80,000 redundancies - tinogona kuwedzera ichangobva kuziviswa 4100 redundancies neOpel kuGermany.
EC, nekuda kutungamira mukuderedza kubudiswa kweCO2 mumotokari (uye motokari dzekutengesa) inoitawo kuti misika yeEurope isanyanya kunakidza kune vanogadzira - hazvina kuitika kuti General Motors vakasiya kuvapo kwayo muEurope pavakatengesa Opel.
Uye ndisingakanganwe vagari vemuguta, avo (vazhinji) vanogona kusundirwa kunze kwemusika nekuda kwemitengo yakakwira yekuteerera - kunyangwe kuvaita vanyoro-yakasanganiswa, sezvataona, vanogona kuwedzera mazana makuru emaeuro kumutengo we kugadzirwa pakubatana. Kana Fiat, mutungamiriri asingapokane wechikamu, ari kufunga kusiya chikamu ichitamisa mamodheru kubva pachikamu A kuenda kuchikamu B… zvakanaka, ndizvo zvese.
Zviri nyore kuona kuti nei nhamba ye95 ichifanirwa kutyiwa zvakanyanya neindasitiri yemotokari mumakore anotevera… Asi ichava yenguva pfupi. Muna 2030 panotova nemwero mutsva weavhareji CO2 emissions ichasvikwa neindasitiri yemotokari muEurope: 72 g/km.