Panguva iyo indasitiri yese inoita kunge yakatsunga kubatanidza injini yekupisa mukati kumabhuku enhoroondo, Mazda inoenda ... ichipesana nezviyo! Nemufaro.
Hakasi kekutanga Mazda yazviita, uye kekupedzisira zvaive zvakanaka. Ndizvo zvichaitika zvakare here? VaJapan vanodavira kudaro.
Sarudzo yekuenderera mberi nekubheja painjini dzinopisa yakaziviswa gore rapfuura, kuburikidza nechizvarwa chitsva cheSKYACTIV-X injini. Uye isu takave nemukana wekuona iyi nyowani SKYACTIV-X injini, inogara uye ine ruvara, isati yasvika zviri pamutemo pamusika muna 2019.
Ndosaka uchishanyira Reason Automotive mazuva ese, handizvo here?
Gadzirira! Chinyorwa chichava chakareba uye chehunyanzvi. Ukasvika kumagumo unenge wawana muripo…
Injini yekupisa? Uye zvemagetsi?
Ramangwana nderemagetsi, uye vakuru veMazda vanobvumiranawo nemashoko iwayo. Asi vanopokana pane zvakafanotaurwa zvinopa injini yekupisa se "yakafa"… nezuro!
Shoko rinokosha pano ndere "ramangwana". Kusvikira 100% yemotokari yemagetsi ndiyo itsva "yakajairika", shanduko yepasi rose yemagetsi kufamba inotora makumi emakore. Uyezve, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kubva kumagetsi ekugadzirisa zvakare kunofanira kukura, kuitira kuti chivimbiso che zero emissions kubva kumotokari dzemagetsi haisi sham.
Zvichakadaro, zvichange zvichikwira kune "yekare" mukati memoto injini kuti ive imwe yevatyairi vakuru vekuderedza kubudiswa kweCO2 munguva pfupi uye yepakati - icharamba ichinyanya kushandiswa kweinjini kwemakumi emakore anotevera. Uye ndosaka tichifanira kuramba tichiivandudza. Mazda yakatora basa rayo rekuburitsa kunyatsoshanda sezvinobvira kubva muinjini yekupisa mukutsvaga kuburitsa kwakaderera.
"Kuzvipira kunheyo yemhinduro yakarurama panguva yakakodzera", sezvakataurwa naMazda, inotyaira marashi mukutsvaga nguva dzose mhinduro yakanakisisa - kwete iyo inotarisa zvakanakisisa pamapepa, asi iyo inoshanda munyika chaiyo. . Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi kuti SKYACTIV-X inomuka, inovandudza uye kunyange shanduko yemukati inopisa injini.
Sei zvechimurenga?
Zvakangodaro nekuti SKYACTIV-X ndiyo yekutanga peturu injini inokwanisa kubatidza - kungofanana neinjini dzeDiesel… zvakanaka, senge injini dzeDiesel, asi taenda.
Kudzvanya kupisa - ndiko kuti, musanganiswa wemhepo / mafuta zvinoreva ipapo, pasina spark plug, kana yakamanikidzwa nepiston - muinjini dzepeturu yanga iri imwe ye "tsvene grail" inoteverwa nemainjiniya. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti compression ignition inonyanya kudiwa: inokurumidza kukurumidza, pakarepo inopisa mafuta ose mukamuri inopisa, zvichiita kuti uite basa rakawanda nehuwandu hwesimba, zvichiita kuti uwedzere kushanda.
Iko kukurumidza kupisa kunobvumirawo kune yakaonda mweya / mafuta musanganiswa mukamuri yekupisa, ndiko kuti, chitsama chemhepo chakakura zvikuru kupfuura icho chehuni. Zvakanakira zviri nyore kunzwisisa: kupisa kunoitika pakudziya kwakadzikira, zvichikonzera kushomeka kweNOx (nitrogen oxides), uye kune kushoma kupambadzwa kwesimba panguva yekudziya kweinjini.
Matambudziko
Asi kudzvanywa kwepeturu hakusi nyore - kwete kuti hakuna kumboyedzwa nevamwe vavaki mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, asi hapana vauya nemhinduro inoshanda inogona kutengeswa.Homogeneous Compression Ignition Charging (HCCI), iyo pfungwa yepasi pekudzvanya kupisa, kusvika parizvino yangowanikwa pakumhanya kwakadzika kweinjini uye pamutoro wakaderera saka, nezvikonzero zvinoshanda, kubatidza kwe spark (spark plug) kuchiri kudikanwa. . Rimwe dambudziko guru ndere control apo compression ignition inoitika.
Dambudziko nderekuti, kukwanisa kushandura pakati pemhando mbiri dzekubatidza nenzira inowirirana, izvo zvakamanikidza Mazda kuvandudza nekudzora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobvumira peturu uye kuonda musanganiswa wekumanikidza kubatidza.
Mhinduro
Nguva ye“eureka”—kana kuti ndiyo nguva apo pakava nenhamba yemoto here? ba dum tss… - izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, zvakaitika apo mainjiniya eMazda akapokana nepfungwa yakajairika yekuti kupisa nekumanikidza hakudi spark plugs: "kana shanduko pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzekupisa kwakaoma, ndizvo here, kutanga kwezvose, tinofanirwa here kuita shanduko iyoyo?" Apa ndipo pane hwaro hweSPCCI system - Spark-Controlled Compression Ignition.
Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyangwe pakupisa nekumanikidza, Mazda inoshandisa spark plugs, ichibvumira shanduko yakatsetseka pakati pekupisa nekumanikidza uye kupisa kwe spark. Asi kana ukashandisa spark plug inogona kuramba ichinzi compression combustion?
Eheka! Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo spark plug inoshanda, pamusoro pezvose, senzira yekudzora kana kupisa nekumanikidza kunoitika. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunaka kweSPCCI ndeyekuti inoshandisa nzira yekupisa yeinjini yedhiziri ine nguva yekumisikidza yeinjini yepeturu ine spark plug. Tingaombera maoko edu here? Tinogona!
Chinangwa
Injini yakagadzirwa nenzira yekusika mamiriro anodiwa ekushisa uye kumanikidzwa muimba yekupisa, kusvika apo iyo mhepo / mafuta musanganiswa - yakaonda kwazvo, 37: 1, inenge 2.5 nguva kupfuura mujini yakajairwa peturu. - gara pamucheto wekupisa panzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa. Asi ndiyo spark kubva ku spark plug iyo inotanga maitiro.
Izvi zvinoreva musanganiswa mudiki, wakapfuma wemhepo/mafuta (29:1), unobaiwa pane imwe nguva, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nebhora remoto. Izvi zvinowedzera kuwedzera kudzvanywa uye tembiricha mukamuri yekupisa, kuitira kuti musanganiswa wakaonda, watove pedyo nenzvimbo iyo wakagadzirira kuputika, usaramba uye unopisa kanenge ipapo.
Iyi ignition control inondinyadzisa. Mazda inokwanisa kuita izvi nepamusoro pe5000 rpm uye handikwanise kana kubatidza barbecue pakutanga…
Mhinduro yava kuita seyakajeka, asi yaida "mano" matsva:
- mafuta anofanirwa kubaiwa panguva mbiri dzakasiyana, imwe yemusanganiswa wakaonda unozotsikirirwa uye imwe yemusanganiswa wakapfuma zvishoma unozobatidzwa nespark plug.
- iyo mafuta jekiseni system inofanirwa kunge iine yakanyanya kudzvanywa, kubvumira kukurumidza vaporization uye atomization yemafuta, ichiiparadzira nekukasira mukati me silinda, kuderedza nguva yekumanikidza.
- ese macylinders ane pressure sensor, iyo inogara ichitarisisa izvo zvataurwa zvidzoreso, kubhadharira, munguva chaiyo, kune chero kutsauka kubva kune zvakarongwa mhedzisiro.
- kushandiswa kwecompressor - ndicho chinhu chakakosha kuchengetedza compression yakakwira, sezvo SKYACTIV-X inoshandisa iyo Miller kutenderera, iyo inodzikisa kudzvanya, ichibvumira iyo inodiwa yakaonda musanganiswa. Iyo yakawedzera simba uye torque mhedzisiro inogamuchirwa.
Kumashure chikamu
Benefits
Iyo SPCCI sisitimu inobvumira kuwedzera kwekupisa nekumanikidza pamusoro pehupamhi hwakawanda hwehurumende, saka, kunyatsoshanda mune mamwe mamiriro ekushandisa. Kuenzaniswa neyazvino SKYACTIV-G, iyo mhando inovimbisa kushandiswa kwakaderera pakati pe20 kusvika 30% zvichienderana nekushandiswa . Iyo mhando inoti SKYACTIV-X inogona kuenderana uye kutopfuura hupfumi hwemafuta einjini yayo yeSKYACTIV-D dhiziri.
Iyo compressor inobvumira yakakwirira yekudyara kudzvanywa, kuve nechokwadi chirinani kuita injini uye kupindura. Kubudirira kukuru muhupamhi hwema revs zvakare inokubvumira kuti umhanye pakakwirira revs, uko kune simba rakawanda rinowanikwa uye mhinduro yeinjini iri pamusoro.
Pasinei nekuoma kwekushanda, kushandiswa kwekenduru nguva dzose kune, zvinonakidza, kubvumirwa kuti zvive nyore dhizaini-hapana kugovera kusiyanisa kana kushanduka kwekumanikidza kunofanirwa - uye zviri nani, injini iyi inoshandisa 95 peturu , sezvo octane shoma iri nani kune compression ignition.
Pakupedzisira, kuseri kwevhiri
Rugwaro rwatove rwakareba, asi runodikanwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti sei "buzz" yese yakatenderedza injini iyi - iko kufambira mberi kunoshamisa kana zvasvika kune injini dzinopisa. Tichafanira kumirira kusvika 2019 kuti tisimbise zvirevo zvese zveMazda nezvazvo, asi tichifunga izvo zvakavimbiswa uye zvakaratidzwa neSKYACTIV-G, tarisiro dzakakwirira kuti SKYACTIV-X iite pane zvese zvainovimbisa kuita.
Sezvineiwo, takanga tatova nemukana wekukasika bvunzo. Dynamic kuonana neSKYACTIV-X-equipped prototypes, yakavanzwa pasi peiyo yakajairika Mazda3 bodywork, yakafanooneswa, kunyangwe yaive shoma kana isina chekuita neMazda3 yaizivikanwa - zvakare chivakwa chepasi pasi pemuviri chizvarwa chechipiri.
SKYACTIV yakafanana zvakare nepuratifomu nyowani/chimiro/muviri mhinduro. Ichi chizvarwa chitsva chinovimbisa kuomarara kwakakura, kuderera kweruzha, kuzununguka uye hutsinye (NVH - ruzha, kudedera uye hutsinye) uye kunyangwe zvigaro zvitsva zvakagadziridzwa, zvichivimbisa chimiro chepanyama, icho chinozobvumira mazinga makuru ekunyaradza.
Takatyaira mavhezheni maviri eiyo prototypes - imwe ine giya giya bhokisi uye imwe ine otomatiki giya bhokisi, ese aine nhanhatu kumhanya - uye isu takakwanisa kuenzanisa mutsauko neazvino 165hp Mazda3 2.0 negiya giya bhokisi, kuti tinzwisise zviri nani misiyano. Sezvineiwo ndiyo yaive mota yekutanga yandakatyaira, ichindibvumira kutarisa yakanaka injini / bhokisi (manual) set.
Musiyano uripo pakati peSKYACTIV-X (injini yeramangwana) neSKYACTIV-G (injini yanhasi) watadza kunyatsojeka. Injini itsva yeMazda ine simba zvakanyanya zvisinei nerev rev - iyo torque yekuwedzera inowanikwa iri pachena. Kufanana ne "G", iyo "X" i2.0 litre unit, asi ine juicier manhamba. Mazda ine chinangwa chesimba rinosvika 190 hp - izvo zvinoonekwa, uye zvakanaka, munzira.
Iyo yakashamisika nekuteerera kwayo, kubva kune yakaderera hurumende, asi yakanakisisa kurumbidza iwe unogona kubhadhara kune injini, ndeyokuti pasinei nekuve chikwata mukusimudzira, inotoita kuti iwedzere kupfuura injini dzakawanda pamusika.
Kutya kuti, sezvo paine kudzvanywa kwemoto seDiesel, kwaizounza humwe hunhu hwemhando iyi yeinjini, senge inertia yakakura, kupfupika kwekushandisa, kana kunyange ruzha, zvaive zvisina hwaro zvachose. Kana iri ndiro ramangwana reinjini dzinopisa, huya!
Iyo yemukati yeiyo prototype - zviri pachena mukati memotokari mukusimudzira - yakauya ine chidzitiro chakamira pamusoro pecentre console ine madenderedzwa matatu ane nhamba. Izvi zvakaenda kana kuenderera, zvichienderana nerudzi rwekupisa kana musanganiswa wakaitika:
- 1 - kupisa kwemoto
- 2 - kupisa kwekumanikidza
- 3 - mhepo yakapfava / musanganiswa wemafuta uko kugona kwakanyanya kunowanikwa
"Diki" injini dzePortugal?
Aberrant Portuguese mutero ichaita kuti injini iyi ive sarudzo yemahara. Iyo 2.0 litre huwandu hwakanakira zvikonzero zvakati, kwete zvishoma nekuti inzvimbo inogamuchirwa inogamuchirwa mumisika zhinji yenyika. Iwo mainjiniya anotarisira SKYACTIV-X akataura kuti mamwe masimba anogoneka, asi parizvino haisi muzvirongwa zvemhando yekugadzira injini dzine huwandu huri pasi pe2.0 malita.
Mamiriro akasiyana-siyana apo compression-ignition yakaitika - zvakangonaka kungochinja-chinja kupisa, kana tichiongorora kumhanya kweinjini yepamusoro kana patakarovera pasi - zvaishamisa.
Kana iri modhi 3, yaida zvakajeka kutyaira kwakadzora, kunyanya negiya bhokisi, uko kwakaratidza kunetsa - kana kushaikwa kwekunzwa mutsoka yekurudyi - kuti ioneke pachiratidziri. Muchina wekutengesa otomatiki - kuyera musika weNorth America -, kunyangwe isinganakidze kushandisa, yakave nyore "kuvheneka" denderedzwa nhamba 3.
Consumptions? Hatizivi!
Ndakabvunza asi hapana akauya nenhamba dzeconcrete. Kombiyuta iri pabhodhi yaive "zvine hunyanzvi" yakafukidzwa nematepi anonamira, saka parizvino isu tinogona kungovimba nekutaura kwechiratidzo.Chinyorwa chekupedzisira cheiyo prototypes yanga yatove chikamu chezvivakwa zvitsva - zvakanyanya kuomarara uye zvichibvumira mazinga akakura ekunatswa kwemukati. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usakanganwe kuti aya aive maprototypes ebudiriro, saka zvaishamisa kuti aya aive akakwenenzverwa uye asina ruzha kupfuura kugadzirwa kwazvino Mazda3 - chizvarwa chinotevera chinovimbisa…
New Mazda3 kuve yekutanga SKYACTIV-X
Zvingangodaro, iyo Mazda3 ichave yekutanga modhi kugamuchira iyo innovative SKYACTIV-X, saka hazvisi kusvika imwe nguva muna 2019 kuti tichanyatsoona kubudirira kweinjini.
Kana iri dhizaini, Kevin Rice, mukuru weMazda's European design Center, akatiudza kuti kutaridzika kweKai Concept kunogadzirwa, zvichireva kuti haisi kure zvakanyanya kubva kune yekupedzisira vhezheni yeramangwana Mazda3 - kanganwa kuti mega-mavhiri, mini- magirazi ekuona kumashure kana maziso akafumurwa…
85-90% yeKai Concept's dhizaini mhinduro inogona kupinda mukugadzirwa.
Wasvika kumagumo echinyorwa… pakupedzisira!
The promise is due, Rui Veloso akatotaura. Saka heino mhando yemuripo. Epic kamehameha inorangarira zviitiko mukati memakamuri ekupisa eSKYACTIV-X injini.