Tesla inogona kunge iri padyo zvakanyanya nekuwana iyo inodiwa mutengo parity pakati pemagetsi nemotokari inopisa. Izvi kana zvichisimbisa kuiswa kwemabhatiri matsva akaderera muTesla Model 3 yakagadzirwa muChina pakupera kwegore (kana kutanga kwerinotevera), sezvo Reuters inofambira mberi.
Mabhatiri matsva aya haangovimbisi kuti achachipa pane ayo aripo pari zvino, anovimbisa kuva neindex yehupenyu hurefu hwakareba, ingangoita mamaira miriyoni, kana kuenzana nemakiromita 1,6 miriyoni.
Nevimbiso yehupenyu hwakareba kudaro, zvinotarisirwa kuti mabhatiri aya anogona kuva nechipiri ... uye hupenyu hwechitatu sezvavanovewo chikamu chegetsi yemagetsi.
Mabhatiri akaderera? Kufanana?
Haisi chakavanzika. Mabhatiri ndiwo anokonzeresa kukwira kwemitengo yekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kana ichienzaniswa nemotokari dzinopisa. Izvo zvinodhura zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zviviri: zvinhu zvavanogadzirwa kubva (cobalt, nickel, lithium, manganese) uye nzira yazvinogadzirwa.
Nyorera kune tsamba yedu
Vaongorori, mumakore achangopfuura, vanga vaine tarisiro yekudzikisa mutengo wemabhatiri nevimbiso dzekuti pakutanga kweichi makore gumi matsva kuenzana kunodiwa nemotokari dzakajairika kwaizowanikwa. Zvakanaka, chokwadi chinotaurira imwe nyaya: paavhareji mutengo wekugadzira i9000 kusvika 11 000 euros yakakwirira pachikamu , pasina kuderedzwa kwakakosha kunofungidzirwa kwemakore anotevera.
Tesla, zvisinei, anoita kunge "akatsemura kodhi". Sekureva kweReuters, Tesla, mukubatana neChinese Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd (CATL) inoita kunge ine mhinduro mukuona uye yakagadzirira kuenda mukugadzira mukupera kwegore kana kutanga kwegore rinouya. Kufambira mberi kwakashumwa kwakatanga murabhoritari yekutsvagisa paDalhousie University muNova Scotia (Canada), inotungamirwa kubva 1996 naJeff Dahn, mumwe wemapiyona mukugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, ese emotokari uye pagidhi yekuchengetedza.
bhatiri rakaderera reTesla rinoitwa kuti rigoneke nehunyanzvi mumakemikari "recipe", kubvumira kuderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwecobalt inoshandiswa - iyo inodhura zvakanyanya mbishi mubhatiri - kana kutobvisa cobalt zvachose. Ikoko kunewo kutaura kwemakemikari ekuwedzera, zvinhu uye zvipfeko zvinoderedza kushushikana kwemukati pabhatiri, zvichibvumira kuchengetedza simba rakawanda kwenguva yakareba.
CATL yakaisa mari mukuvandudza mabhatiri eCobalt-dispensing LiFePO4 (LiFePO4), uye zvakare ine yakagadziridzwa "refu-hupenyu" nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) bhatiri rakagadzirira, uko cathode iri 50% nickel uye chete 20% cobalt - kazhinji nhamba iyi i33%.
Sekureva kweReuters masosi, CATL's Lithium Iron Phosphate mabhatiri atove pazasi pe $80/kWh (madhora pakilowatt awa), nepo NMC yakavandudzwa ichisvika $100/kWh - muna 2019 mutengo wepakati pakWh wakamira pamadhora zana nemakumi mashanu nematanhatu , saka kukanganisa uku kufambira mberi kunogona kuita pamutengo wose wemotokari yemagetsi kunonzwisisika.
Zvirinani "kutakura" mabhatiri zvakare kunoderedza mari
Zvakare, CATL yakagadzira nzira iri nyore uye yakachipa ye "kurongedza" maseru ebhatiri ayo Tesla anoda uye anofanira kushandisa. Inonzi "cell-to-pack", iyi inobvisa nhanho yepakati yekuronga masero ebhatiri kutanga mumamodule uye chete woaisa mu "bhokisi" iro richava bhatiri rekupedzisira.
Mhinduro iyi inovimbisa kuwedzera simba rebhatiri ne10-15%, kutora 15-20% nzvimbo shoma, uye kuderedza nhamba yezvikamu zvinodiwa ne40% (chitubu: Gizmodo) - nokudaro kuderedza mari.
Pamusoro pezvo, Tesla inotsvagawo kuita maitiro mukugadzirwa kwebhatiri nemazinga akakwira otomatiki, kwete kungomhanyisa kugadzirwa, asiwo kuderedza mitengo. Iko kune kana kutaura nezveTerafactories nyowani, yakakura nguva makumi matatu pane iripo Gigafactory mudunhu reNevada.
Chikamu chekupedzisira cheiyi equation chiri mukudzokororwa uye kudzoreredzwa kwelithium, cobalt uye nickel inogadzira mabhatiri, chimwe chinhu icho Tesla anoteedzera kuburikidza neayo akabatana Redwood Materials. Pasina kukanganwa hupenyu hwechipiri iyo mabhatiri emotokari anogona kuve nawo, achiva chikamu chegidhi yekuchengetedza system, sezvatakaona muAustralia mu2017.
Zuva rebhatiri richaunza dzimwe mhinduro
Kwemwedzi mishoma yapfuura Elon Musk, CEO waTesla, anga "achiseka" vatengesi nevakwikwidzi nevimbiso yekufambira mberi kwakakosha muhunyanzvi hwebhatiri. Aya mabhatiri anodhura uye "hupenyu hurefu" anogona kunge ari chizaruro chikuru cheTesla's Battery Day, chiitiko chinosimbisa nhau dzine chekuita ne "magetsi muchina" anopa masimba emhando dzeTesla. Maererano naMusk:
“Tinoda kusiya nhau dzinonakidza dzezuva iroro, asi pachave nenhau dzakawanda dzinonakidza. Uye ndinofunga richave rimwe remazuva anofadza kwazvo munhoroondo yaTesla (...) "
Zuva rebhatiri rakarongwa kuuya munguva pfupi iri kutevera - rakamiswa zvakare nekuda kweCovid-19 denda - asi zvinoita sekunge zvichaitika muvhiki rechitatu remwedzi uno, pakati paMay 17 na23. Iko pano here kuti tichasvika pakuziva mabhatiri anodhura ane hupenyu hunobatsira hwemakiromita 1.6 mamiriyoni?
Kunobva: Reuters.
Chikwata cheRazão Automóvel chicharamba chiri pamhepo, maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, panguva yekubuda kweCCIDID-19. Tevedzera kurudziro yeGeneral Directorate yehutano, dzivirira kufamba kusingakoshi. Pamwe chete tichakwanisa kukunda chikamu chakaoma ichi.