Aive makore makumi mana apfuura kuti Mercedes-Benz S-Kirasi (W116) yakava mota yekutanga kugadzira kuve ne electronic anti-lock braking system (kubva kune yekutanga yeGerman Antiblockier-Bremssystem), inozivikanwa zviri nani neacronym ABS.
Inowanikwa chete senge sarudzo, kubva mukupera kwa1978, kune isiri-yakanyanya-yemwero mari yeDM 2217.60 (inenge 1134 euros), yaizokurumidza kuwedzera kuyambuka mhando yeGerman brand - muna 1980 sesarudzo pamhando dzayo dzese. , muna 1981 yakasvika pakushambadzira uye kubva muna 1992 yaizova chikamu chezvigadzirwa zvemhando dzose dzemotokari dzeMercedes-Benz.
Asi chii chinonzi ABS?
Sezvinoreva zita, gadziriro iyi inodzivirira kukiya mavhiri kana uchibhureki - kunyanya panzvimbo dzakadzika-inobata - zvichiita kuti uise simba remabhureki, uchichengetedza kutungamira kwemotokari.
Tinogona kuona zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurongwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, zvisina kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva nhasi: control unit (kombuta), masensa mana ekumhanya - imwe pavhiri - hydraulic mavharuvhu (anodzora brake pressure), uye pombi (kudzorera brake. pressure). Asi zvese zvinoshanda sei? Isu tinopa pasi kuMercedes-Benz pachayo, yakatorwa kubva kune rimwe remabhurocha ayo panguva iyoyo:
Iyo anti-lock braking system inoshandisa komputa kuona shanduko mukutenderera kwevhiri rega rega panguva yekubhureki. Kana sipidhi ikadzikira nekuchimbidza (sepaya painotsvedza) uye paine njodzi yekuvharika kwevhiri, komputa inodzikisira kudzvanya kwebhureki. Gumbo rinomhanyisa zvakare uye kudzvanywa kwebhureki kunowedzerwa zvakare, nekudaro braking vhiri. Iyi nzira inodzokororwa kakawanda muchikamu chemasekondi.
40 makore apfuura…
Paive pakati pe22nd ne25th yaNyamavhuvhu 1978 apo Mercedes-Benz neBosch vakaratidza iyo ABS muUntertürkheim, Stuttgart, Germany. Asi hakaizova kekutanga kuti aratidze kushandiswa kwegadziriro yakadaro.
Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kweABS paMercedes-Benz inodzokera kumashure munguva, nekutanga kuzivikanwa patent application yehurongwa muna 1953, kuburikidza naHans Scherenberg, ipapo dhizaini director kuMercedes-Benz uye gare gare mutungamiriri wayo webudiriro.
Masisitimu akafanana akange atozivikanwa, mungave mundege (anti-skid) kana muzvitima (anti-slip), asi mumotokari raive basa rakaoma kwazvo, rine zvikumbiro zvakakura pamasensa, kugadzirisa data uye kutonga. Iko kusimukira kwakadzama pakati peDhipatimendi Rekutsvagisa neBudiriro pachayo nevadyidzani vakasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri kwaizopedzisira kwabudirira, nekuchinja kwakaitika muna 1963, pakatanga basa, mune kongiri, pane yemagetsi-hydraulic control system.
Muna 1966, Daimler-Benz akatanga kushanda pamwe chete nenyanzvi yezvemagetsi Teldix (yakazotorwa neBosch). zvichiguma nekuratidzira kwekutanga kwe "Mercedes-Benz/Teldix Anti-Block System" kune vezvenhau muna 1970. , inotungamirwa naHans Scherenberg. Iyi sisitimu yakashandisa analog wedunhu, asi pakugadzirwa kwakawanda kweiyo sisitimu, timu yekusimudzira yakatarisa kudunhu redhijitari senzira yekumberi - mhinduro yakavimbika, yakapusa uye ine simba.
Jürgen Paul, injinjini uye anotarisira chirongwa cheABS kuMercedes-Benz, akazotaura kuti danho rekuenda kudhijitari yaive nguva yakakosha yekuvandudzwa kweABS. Pamwe chete neBosch - inotarisira dhijitari inodzora unit - Mercedes-Benz yaizovheneka chizvarwa chechipiri cheABS pane yekuyedza track yefekitori yayo muUntertürkheim.
ABS yakanga ichangotanga
Kwete chete kuti ABS yaizopedzisira yave imwe yeanonyanya kushanda anoshanda kuchengetedza midziyo mumotokari, yakaratidzawo kutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwemasisitimu erubatsiro rwedhijitari mumotokari dzeGerman-brand, uye nekumwe.
Kuvandudzwa kwema sensors eABS, pakati pezvimwe zvikamu, zvaizoshandiswawo, muGermany brand, yeASR kana anti-skid control system (1985); ESP kana kudzora kugadzikana (1995); iyo BAS kana Brake Assist System (1996); uye adaptive cruise control (1998), pamwe nekuwedzera kwemamwe ma sensor uye zvikamu.