Kunyange zvazvo injini dzinopisa dzomukati dzichiita sedzine mazuva adzo akaverengwa, kana zvasvika pakuwedzera, injini dzinopisa dziripo dzichiri kutaura. Toyota inotipa hutsva hwayo hwazvino ichiri mukuvandudzwa.
Nepo mamwe mabhureki ese anoshandisa renji rekuwedzera zvichienderana neakajairwa mukati memoto injini, Toyota inofunga kuenda nhanho mberi, pamberi pemakwikwi kana zvasvika kune renji rekuwedzera kune ayo mahybrid uye emagetsi mota.Muchinyorwa ichi kubva kuAutopédia Rubric, tsvaga zvese zveiyi injini yeToyota iyo isingashandiswe kufambisa mota, asi kungoshandura mafuta kuita magetsi.
The genesis yezvivakwa izvi
Kutora misimboti yemakanika mazana maviri emakore apfuura, Toyota yakakwevera kurudziro yakananga kubva kune yemahara-piston injini: iyo Stirling injini. Injini iyo yaimbova mukwikwidzi mukuru weinjini yemhepo, inogona kudzoka kune inotaridzika makore anenge 200 mushure mekuonekwa kwayo.
Pfungwa yeToyota, zvisinei, haisi itsva zvachose muindasitiri yemotokari uye isu tichatsanangura chikonzero nei. Mumakore makumi manomwe uye nguva pfupi mushure medambudziko remafuta - iro rakazunguza zvakanyanya chikamu chemotokari - vagadziri vazhinji vakazviwana vamanikidzwa zvakanyanya kutora zvigadziriso zvinoshandisa mafuta mashoma.
KUYEUKA: Nekuda kwedambudziko remafuta re70s, yaive Portugal yakavhura 1974 World Rally Championship.
Yakanga iri panguva ino, muna 1978, iyo imwe yeakanakisa kugadzirisa kweiyo Stirling injini kuindasitiri yemotokari yakabuda. A 1977 Opel Rekord 2100 Diesel Sedan ndiyo yaive guinea pig kugamuchira 1978 Stirling P-40 injini, yakagadziridzwa mukubatana kusati kwamboitika pakati peUS space agency NASA neGM (inoratidzwa pamusoro).
Iyo Stirling P-40 injini yaive nemukana wekumhanya pane ese peturu neDiesel, kana kunyange padoro. Yaizova motokari yechipiri ye "flex fuel" munhoroondo mushure meFord Model T ya1908, iyo yaigona kushanda nepeturu, parafini kana kuti vaporized ethanol.
Muna 1979 chingave chijana che AMC (American Motors Corporation) kushandisa injini imwechete yeP-40 yeMweya, asi kuita kwacho hakuna kumbogutsikana nevatengi. Chirongwa icho, kunyangwe chisina kubudirira, chinoisa muenzaniso muindasitiri yemotokari yepasirese. Mufananidzo uri pazasi:
Kubva Kudzokera Kusvika Nhasi: Toyota's Innovation
Mushure memakore ese aya, kugadzirwa kweToyota kunoenda nhanho imwe mberi. Kutora zvakananga pfungwa yakagadziridzwa neNASA muna 2012 sejenareta reradioisotope, rakagadzirirwa kugonesa masetiraiti, uye nehuremu hwese 20kg, Toyota yakaedza kudzoreredza injini yemahara-piston sejenareta remagetsi remabhatiri emotokari.
Kufanana nepfungwa yakagadzirwa neNASA, iyi yemahara-piston injini haina tsvimbo yekubatanidza kana crankshaft yekufambisa inogadzirwa. Sezvauri kuona mumifananidzo (pazasi), pachinzvimbo chemaitiro echinyakare anofamba einjini yekupisa yemukati, tine kamuri yakamanikidzwa yegasi, inoshanda sechitubu, ichidzosera piston kune nyowani yekupisa kutenderera.
Injini yeToyota yakasununguka-piston sejenareta yemutsara ine W-shape, apo piston inomira pakati pekugadzirisa W. Iyi injini yepiston yakasununguka inoshanda senge injini ye 2-stroke. Exhaust magasi anodzingwa nemavharuvhu ari kumusoro kwecylinder head, ukuwo mweya wekutenderera kutsva uchipinda nepalateral intake manifolds, wakagadzirira kudzvinyirirwa nekujoinha jekiseni rakananga repeturu, kuti ubatidze musanganiswa.
Mushure mekuwedzera kunoitwa nekupisa kwemusanganiswa, kamuri yegasi iri pazasi inoita sechitubu ichidzosera piston kuPMS yayo (yepamusoro yakafa centre).
Asi iyo Toyota yemahara-piston injini semutsetse jenareta inokwanisa sei kugadzira magetsi azvino?
Kunze kweinjini ine W configuration, kune magineti, inoumbwa neodymium, iron uye boron, uye kumativi ekamuri yekupisa kune coil, inoumbwa netambo yemhangura. Kuburikidza nekufamba nguva dzose pakati pemagineti uye coil, magetsi anogadzirwa, anotumirwa kubhatiri.
Kubvisa pfungwa yacho zvishoma, neodymium haisi chinhu chitsva chose. Yakave ichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba uye inotogadzirwa zvekugadzira, kunyangwe neodymium - zvichienderana neiyo molecular nomenclature - iri pakati peimwe isingawanzo simbi magineti pasi pano. Komboni iyi, yakawanikwa muna 1982, yatekeshera pasi rose uye munenge muindasitiri yese yemagetsi.
Iri rudzi rweinjini yakagadzirwa neToyota haina kunyanya kusimba, kutaura zvazviri compact dhizaini yaro yakanyatso kuumbwa nechinangwa chekubudirira uye huremu hwakaderera hweseti, uye simba rinogadzirwa rinowanikwa pa10kW chete, kutenderedza 13 horsepower. Zvisinei, inogadzira simba rinopfuura rakakwana zvokuti mayunitsi maviri chete anoshanda panguva imwe chete anokwanisa kubudisa magetsi anokwana eToyota Yaris kana kuti akaenzana kusvika pakumhanya kwekufamba mumugwagwa mukuru we120km/h.
Sezvo ichiri chirongwa chiri kugadziridzwa, Toyota ichine rwendo rurefu kuti ifambe isati yaisa tekinoroji iyi pakutengesa. Nekuti kana kune rimwe divi mari yekugadzira isiri mabhenji, pachine nyaya dzisina kugadziriswa dzehunyanzvi dzakadai semitengo yekugadzirisa uye kuzunguza, chokwadi chave kuita kuti Toyota ifunge nezve kushandiswa kweinjini yayo nyowani neimwe nzira, kuitira kurerutsa ruzha uye kudedera kunofambiswa.
Hunhu hweiyi yemahara-piston Toyota injini inogonawo kugadziridzwa, sezvinodiwa, sezvo iyo yekumanikidza inodzora vharafu mukamuri yegesi inogona kugadziridzwa kune kuoma kwe "spring" mhedzisiro.
Gara nevhidhiyo iyi, kwaunogona kuona iyi kugadzirwa kweToyota: