Hydrogen ndiyo huni yeramangwana here? Hyundai, Honda neToyota vanoti hongu uye vakaratidza mhando dzekutanga-dzakagadzirwa dzakafambiswa nemafuta aya pashoo yeTokyo neLos Angeles, yakasvika pamusika pakati pa2014 na2015.
Motokari dzeHydrogen dzakavimbiswa kwatiri sechinhu chinooneka uye chinowanikwa kubva kuma 1990. Motokari dzemafuta-sero (mafuta emagetsi) zvinobudirira motokari dzemagetsi, asi panzvimbo yekuvimba nebheti yebhatiri kuti ipe simba rinodiwa, izvi zvinotanga kugadzirwa. nemotokari pachayo. Kemikari inoitwa pakati pehaidhirojeni yakachengetwa mutangi uye mweya weokisijeni uri mumhepo unoburitsa simba rinodiwa kusimbisa mota yemagetsi, nemhute yemvura ndiyo yega inobuda.
Kwakachena, pasina mubvunzo, asi kuchine nyaya dzakawanda dzisina kugadziriswa dzisati dzasvika nirvana iyo ichava hupfumi hwehydrogen pane huripo huripo hwehupfumi hwemafuta. Kubva pamitengo (yanga ichidzikira), kuenda kune inodiwa yekugovera zvivakwa, kune (yakakura) dambudziko rekugadzirwa kwehydrogen. Pasinei nokuti ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda muNyika, zvinosuruvarisa kuti haibvumiri "kukohwa" kwakananga, kwete kuva chinhu chikuru chemasimba. Hydrogen inogara ichiperekedzwa nezvimwe zvinhu, saka zvakakosha kuiparadzanisa. Apa ndipo pane nhaurirano huru pamusoro pekushanda kwehydrogen sehuni yeramangwana. Simba rinodiwa "kugadzira" hydrogen rinokanganisa zvachose kushanda kwehurongwa hwose.
Zvisinei neizvi, mumakore makumi maviri adarika takaona vagadziri vachiramba vachitevera nzira iyi, vachiwana budiriro yakakosha yetekinoroji, zvekuti kubva gore rinouya tinenge tava nemota dzemafuta ekufambisa dzimotokari dzichagadzirwa dzakatevedzana. Ichokwadi kuti mota dzehydrogen dzatove zvishoma kwese kwese. Kunyangwe muPortugal, takanga tine mabhazi eSTCP ekuedza aitenderera muPorto. Asi semabhazi eSTCP, mamwe ese emafuta-sero mota angori mapurojekiti ekuyedza, akaganhurirwa muhukuru hwekutengesa kana kugadzira, uye haawanikwe pamusika zvachose.
Honda yaive imwe yemhando dzaibheja zvakanyanya pane iyi tekinoroji, uye ndeyayo, pamwe, iyo inonyanya kuoneka chiso cheiyi nzira yekumhanyisa, iyo FCX Clarity (mumufananidzo uri pamusoro). Yakaunzwa muna 2008, yakaunzwa kune vangangosvika mazana maviri evatengi muUnited States of America, Europe neJapan, vachishanda sevatyairi vebvunzo yemhando. Pasinei nekufambira mberi kweHonda, hazvizokwanisi kuburitsa yekutanga yakatevedzana-yakagadzirwa hydrogen mota.
Yakapihwa musalon muLos Angeles, uye yakarongwa kutengeswa kuUS (pakutanga yakaganhurirwa mudunhu reCalifornia, sezvo paine 9 pagumi gumi rekuzadza hydrogen muUS) kutanga chirimo chino, Korea Hyundai inohwina mujaho uyu nekuratidzwa kweTucson Fuel Cell (yedu iX35). Sezviri pachena Tucson sevamwe vakawanda, chii chinovanza pasi pemuviri chinonzi neHyundai sechizvarwa chinotevera motokari yemagetsi.
Zvakanakira pamusoro pemotokari yemagetsi inofambiswa nemabhatiri zviri pachena: inofungidzirwa kuzvimiririra kwe480km, kuzadza tangi rehydrogen mukati memaminitsi asingasviki gumi uye kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze hakuchisiri dambudziko, sezvakacherechedzwa munzira yavanokanganisa kugona kwemabhatiri, sekutariswa paNissan Leaf. Uye semota chero yemagetsi, yakanyarara, isingasvibise, uye 300Nm ye torque inowanikwa nyore.
Inowanikwa chete kuburikidza nekurenda, vatengi venguva yemberi veHyundai Tucson mafuta-cell vanozofanira kubvisa $499 (inenge €372) pamwedzi kwemwedzi makumi matatu nematanhatu. Asi kune rumwe rutivi, hydrogen ndeyemahara! Hongu, ani nani anotenga Hyundai iyi haafanire kubhadhara hydrogen inopedzwa. Kurudziro iyi yakakwana here?
Pane imwe salon muLos Angeles, Honda yakaratidzawo hurongwa hwayo hwekurwisa mafuta-masero. Hyundai yaitarisira, asi Honda haisi kure kumashure, uye, zvinoshamisa, yakaratidza pfungwa yeramangwana inonzi FCEV. . Inoratidzika sechimwe chinhu kubva mufirimu ye-sci-fi uye inopesana zvakanyanya neTucson's "vulgarity" uye chitarisiko chevhu. Iyo FCEV ichaunzwa mune yayo yekupedzisira vhezheni muna 2015, uye zvirokwazvo manyorerwo kusvika panguva iyoyo achange akadzikiswa, neHonda pachayo ichiti FCEV inongoshanda senzvimbo yekutarisa yeramangwana stylistic gwara. Iyo FCEV, zvisinei, inoita seyekutanga inobatika kuita kune yekuona kushinga kwakaunzwa neBMW ine i range yayo, kunyanya i8, iyo inooneka inobvisa mota kuburikidza ne "ma layer".
Zvichida zvakanyanya kukosha pane aesthetics ndizvo zviri pasi peganda. Pane zvakakosha zviitiko maererano neFCX Clarity. Honda inozivisa misambo inodarika 480km, iine mafuta maseru achiwana simba density (3kW/L, 60% kupfuura FCX Clarity) ichive chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chekuwedzera, zvakare uchishandisa FCX Clarity sereferensi. Inovimbisawo kuzadzazve mumaminitsi e3, kana hurongwa hune dzvinyiriro ye70 MPa (Mega Pascal) inobvumirwa. Iyo compactness yehurongwa yakabvumira Honda, kekutanga, kuimisa kune iyo injini compartment. MuFCX Clarity, masero emafuta aive mugero repakati, achipatsanura kabhini muzvikamu zviviri.
Tichiyambuka Pacific, takasvika paTokyo Motor Show, uko Toyota yakaratidza shanduko yeiyo FCV-R pfungwa, yakavhurwa munzvimbo imwechete makore maviri apfuura. THE Toyota FCV iri padyo nemutsetse wekugadzira, neToyota ichichengetedza fungidziro yayo yakasimba kuti muna 2015 inofanira kutanga kuitengesa.
Pakuona zvinonetsa, nemaitiro ekusiyanisa uye hazvina kunyatso itwa. Kubva pamashoko eToyota, kufemerwa kwemaitiro kunobva mumvura inoyerera uye ... catamaran. Pfungwa ndeyokuti mhepo inopinda nepakati pemhepo huru, inopindirana nehydrogen, inoshanduka kuva chinhu kunze kwemhute yemvura. Musiyano pakati pemitsetse yemuviri wemvura uye mipendero yakapinza yemuviri wakawandisa. Ndinovimba iyo vhezheni yekugadzira inoiwana zvakanaka muzvikamu zvezvikamu kune yese, uye zvakare yese. Imotokari refu, ine 1.53m kureba (kureba kweSmart), saka hupamhi hwe1.81m hunoratidzika kunge hudiki, pamwe nemavhiri anoita sediki.
Toyota inoti FCV ichange iine zvigaro zvina (Honda spacecraft inoshambadza zvigaro zvishanu) uye inovimbisawo rupo rwepamusoro pe500km. Kufanana neHonda FCEV, ichapawo simba remagetsi e3kW/L uye 70 MPa yakadaro yekumanikidza tangi uye kuwedzera mafuta inoziviswa neToyota, ichibvumira kuwedzera kwemaminetsi matatu kana zvishoma.
Kunyangwe ichishambadzirwa semota dzekugadzira dzakateedzana, kuwanikwa kwavo kunotanga kushoma, sezvo paine kushomeka kwezvivakwa. Iko hakuna zviteshi zvekuzadza zvakakwana zvekusimudzira basa rekutengesa remota idzi dzemafuta-sero, kunyangwe huwandu hunoonekwa hweizvi huri kuwedzera. Musika wekutanga unodiwa zvikuru uchave nyika yeCalifornia kuUS, asi mota idzi dziri kutotarisirwa kutengeswa kuEurope neJapan.
Mune mamwe mazwi, sekune bhatiri-powered mota dzemagetsi, iyo yekutanga yekutengesa kutanga-up inotarisirwa kunonoka, pamwe kunyange kunonoka. Uye hapana zviitiko zvikuru zvinofanoonwa munguva pfupi uye yepakati, nepo nhaurirano pamusoro pekushanda kwehydrogen sehuni yeramangwana dzichiri dzakawanda. Vamwe vavaki vanoti haidrojeni magumo, asi vamwe vanoiona seyakanaka, yenguva refu mhinduro. Kusvika panguva iyoyo, makore gumi aya tichava neizvi zvitatu zvitsva zvikumbiro pamusika kutora tarisiro yehafu yenyika.