Nekuti nyaya yacho yakaoma, ngatitangei titsanangure muchidimbu iyo compression reshiyo pfungwa kuti tinzwisise kuti nei Nissan's VC-T variable compression injini ichishamisa? Saka ndichaedza kurerutsa, panjodzi yekuita zvisizvo - kana zvikaitika iwe unogona kugara uchipfuura nepaFacebook yedu uye uchitisiya mhinduro.
Rate chii?
The compression reshiyo ndiyo nguva iyo vhoriyamu yakapihwa inodzvanywa mukati mehumburumbira. Muenzaniso unoshanda: 1.0 litre four-cylinder engine ine 10:1 reshiyo ine 250 cm³ masilinda ayo, panzvimbo yawo yepamusoro yakafa, anodzvanya musanganiswa kusvika pavhoriyamu ye25 cm³ - kureva, kusvika pachikamu chimwe chegumi chehuwandu hwayo. 10:1). Iyo yakaoma vhezheni yeiyo compression ratio tsananguro inogona kuoneka pano.Uye nei izvi zvichikosha?
Nekuti iyo yakakura yekumanikidza reshiyo yeinjini, inowedzera kushanda kwayo. Kunyanya kudzvanywa kweinjini, ndiko kukurumidza kuwedzera kwemagasi anobva mukuputika uye nekudaro kukurumidza kudzika kwepiston uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza, uye nekudaro nekukurumidza kusimuka kwe crankshaft - pakupedzisira zvichikonzera kufamba kwakawanda kuendeswa kumotokari. mavhiri. Ndokusaka mota dzemitambo dzine yakakwira compression ratios - semuenzaniso, iyo Audi R8's V10 injini inomanikidza 12.7 nguva yehuwandu hwayo.
Saka sei mota dzese dzisiri dzakakwirira compression ratios?
Nezvikonzero zviviri: chikonzero chekutanga ndechekuti musanganiswa pre-detonates uye chikonzero chechipiri ndechekuti inodhura kugadzira injini ine yakakwirira compression reshiyo. Asi ngatitangei kuenda kune chikonzero chekutanga. Sezvo huwandu hwekumanikidza hunowedzera, ndizvo zvinoitawo tembiricha yemusanganiswa wemafuta emhepo mukati mekamuri yekupisa uye kuwedzera kwetembiricha iyi kunogona kutungamira mukupisa piston isati yasvika pakati pevakafa. Zita rechiitiko ichi ndere pre-detonation uye imhaka yeichi mhedzisiro kuti mhando dzemotokari dzinomanikidzwa kugadzira injini dzine conservative compression ratios, ine ignition uye jekiseni mepu dzakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza injini kubva kune ichi chiitiko nemutengo wekuita zvakanyanya.Kune rimwe divi, kugadzira injini dzine yakakwira compression ratios zvakare inodhura (yemhando uye nekudaro kune vatengi…). Nekuti kudzivirira pre-detonation mumainjini ane yakakwira compression ratios, mhando dzinofanirwa kutendeukira kune dzakanaka uye zvakanyanya kudzivirirwa zvinhu zvinobvisa kupisa kunogadzirwa muinjini zvakanyanya.
Nissan inowana (pakupedzisira!) mhinduro
Kwemakore makumi maviri neshanu apfuura mabhureki akati wandei akaedza zvisina kubudirira kukurira zvipimo zveinjini kusvika padanho iri. Saab yaive imwe yemhando yakauya padhuze, ichitounza shanduko yeinjini iyo, nekuda kwekufamba kwepashure kwemusoro weinjini, yakakwanisa kuwedzera kana kudzikisa cubic kugona kwekamuri yekupisa. uye saka iyo compression ratio. Dambudziko? Iyo sisitimu yaive nezvikanganiso zvekuvimbika uye haina kumbobvira yaita mukugadzirwa. Nemufaro…
Mucherechedzo wekutanga kuwana mhinduro yaive, sezvatakataura, Nissan. Chiratidzo chicharatidza injini yepasi rose yekudzvanya inochinja munaGunyana paParis Motor Show. Iyo 2.0 Turbo injini ine 274 hp uye 390 Nm ye torque yakakura. Injini iyi ichatanga yakatangwa muU.S.A, ichitsiva iyo 3.5 V6 injini parizvino ine Infiniti modhi (Nissan's premium model division).
Nissan yakakwanisa sei kuita izvi?
Hwaiva huroyi. Ndiri kuita zvekutamba… yanga iri engineering chaiyo. Mumainjini akajairika, tsvimbo dzinobatanidza (icho ruoko "runobata" piston) dzakanangidzirwa ku crankshaft, muNissan's VC-T injini izvi hazviitike. Sezvauri kuona mumufananidzo pazasi:
Mune ino revolutionary injini yeNissan kureba kwetambo huru yekubatanidza yakaderedzwa uye yakabatana kune yepakati lever yakapinzwa kune crankshaft uye yakabatana neyechipiri inofambiswa tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakatarisana netambo yekubatanidza iyo inosiyana kukura kwepiston kufamba. Kana iyo injini yekudzora unit inoona kuti zvakakosha kuwedzera kana kuderedza chiyero chekumanikidza, iyo actuator inoshandura kona yepakati lever, kusimudza kana kudzikisa tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye saka kusiyanisa kudzvanya pakati pe8: 1 ne14: 1. Saka, injini yeNissan inokwanisa kusanganisa zvakanakisa zvepasirese: kugona kwakanyanya pakadzika rpm uye simba rakawanda pakakwirira rpm, kudzivirira pre-detonation mhedzisiro.
Iyi mutsauko muyero yejini yekumanikidza inogoneka chete nemazvo uye mune chero rpm renji, nekuda kwemakumi ezviuru ema sensors akapararira muinjini yese. Izvi zvinotumira mazana ezviuru zvemashoko pasekondi kuECU munguva chaiyo (tembiricha yemhepo, kamuri yekupisa, kutora, turbo, huwandu hweokisijeni mumusanganiswa, nezvimwewo), zvichibvumira chiyero chekumanikidza kuti chishandurwe zvinoenderana. yemotokari. Injini iyi zvakare yakashongedzerwa neinochinjika vharafu nguva yekufananidza kutenderera kweAtkinson, umo mavharuvhu ekutora anogara akavhurika kwenguva yakareba kuti abvumire mweya kubuda kuburikidza nawo, nokudaro kuderedza injini yeaerodynamic kuramba muchikamu chekumanikidza.
Avo vanodzokorora kuzivisa kupera kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati vanofanira kudzokera "kuchengeta gitare mubhegi" . Injini dze "kare" dzemukati dzinopisa dzatopfuura makore 120 uye dzinoita kunge dziri pano kuti dzigare. Izvo zvinoramba zvichionekwa kana mhinduro iyi ichave yakavimbika.
Imwe nhoroondo zvishoma?
Zvidzidzo zvekutanga pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekumanikidza reshiyo pakuita basa kutenderera kweinjini dzinopisa dzemukati dzakadzokera kumashure muna 1920, apo injiniya weBritish Harry Ricardo akatungamira Dhipatimendi reAeronautical Development reRoyal Air Force (RAF). Imwe yemabasa ayo akanyanya kukosha yaive yekutsvaga mhinduro yekunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta kweRAF ndege uye nekudaro kune yavo pfupi pfupi yekubhururuka. Kuti adzidze zvikonzero uye mhinduro dzedambudziko iri, Harry Ricardo akagadzira injini yekuyedza ine kudzvanya kwakasiyana kwaakawana (pakati pezvimwe zvinhu) kuti mamwe mafuta airamba kunyungudika. Chidzidzo ichi chakaguma nekusikwa kwekutanga mafuta octane rating system.
Yakanga iri yekutenda kune izvi zvidzidzo izvo, kekutanga, zvakagumiswa kuti yakakwirira compression ratios inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inoda shoma mafuta kuti ibudise yakafanana mechanical simba. Yakanga iri kubva panguva ino iyo gigantic injini dzine 25 litres of cubic capacity - iyo yatinoziva kubva kuHondo Yenyika I ndege - yakatanga kupa nzira kune zviduku uye zvakanyanya kushanda. Kufamba kweTransatlantic kwakave kwechokwadi uye zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi panguva yehondo (nekuda kwehuwandu hweinjini) zvakaderedzwa.
